Результаты поиска

Effect of Geographic Isolation on the Nasal Virome of Indigenous Children.

The influence of living in small remote villages on the diversity of viruses in the nasal mucosa was investigated in three Colombian villages with very different levels of geographic isolation. Metagenomic analysis was used to characterize viral nucleic acids in nasal swabs from 63 apparently healthy young children. Sequences from human virus members of the families Anelloviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Polyomaviridae, Adenoviridae, and Paramyxoviridae were detected in decreasing proportions of children. The number of papillomavirus infections detected was greater amo

A single-dose plasmid-launched live-attenuated Zika vaccine induces protective immunity.

BACKGROUND: Vaccines are the most effective means to fight and eradicate infectious diseases. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) usually have the advantages of single dose, rapid onset of immunity, and durable protection. DNA vaccines have the advantages of chemical stability, ease of production, and no cold chain requirement. The ability to combine the strengths of LAV and DNA vaccines may transform future vaccine development by eliminating cold chain and cell culture with the potential for adventitious agents. METHODS: A DNA-launched LAV was developed for ZIKV virus (ZIKV), a pathogen that rece

Comprehensive analyses of archaeal viral genomes reveal genomic characteristics, divergence, and host interactions.

BACKGROUND: The ecological significance of bacteriophages has been extensively investigated, while the role of archaeal viruses across different environments remains poorly understood. RESULTS: Here, we present the Archaeal Viral Genome Database (AVGD), a comprehensive survey of archaeal viruses across eight distinct habitat types, including 3708 archaeal viral genomes, with genome sizes ranging from 3 to 188 kb, identified from 64,521,709 putative viral genomes using 40 public metagenomic datasets, an integrated public viral genome database (IGN), and pig gut viral databases. Our analysis re

Synthetically derived bat influenza A-like viruses reveal a cell type- but not species-specific tropism.

Two novel influenza A-like viral genome sequences have recently been identified in Central and South American fruit bats and provisionally designated "HL17NL10" and "HL18NL11." All efforts to isolate infectious virus from bats or to generate these viruses by reverse genetics have failed to date. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) encoding the hemagglutinin-like envelope glycoproteins HL17 or HL18 in place of the VSV glycoprotein were generated to identify cell lines that are susceptible to bat influenza A-like virus entry. More than 30 cell lines derived from various species were scr

Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Reproductive Diseases.

Human herpesviruses 6A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B)-collectively, HHV-6A/B-are recently-discovered but ancient human viruses. The vast majority of people acquire one or both viruses, typically very early in life, producing an ineradicable lifelong infection. The viruses have been linked to several neurological, pulmonary and hematological diseases. In early human history, the viruses on multiple occasions infected a germ cell, and integrated their DNA into a human chromosome. As a result, about 1% of humans are born with the full viral genome present in every cell, with uncertain

Распространение CMV, EBV, HPV и HSV среди здорового населения Южной Азии: систематический обзор и метаанализ.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr (EBV), Human papillomavirus (HPV) и Herpes simlex вирус (HSV) являются вирусами ДНК, которые широко распространены среди населения. Хотя распространенность каждого из этих вирусов изучалась отдельно среди населения Южной Азии, никаких исследований, касающихся совместного распространения этих вирусов среди здоровых людей в Южной Азии, не проводилось. Систематический поиск проводился с использованием three базы данных (PubMed, Scopus и Cochrane Bibrary) и one поисковая система (научный сотрудник Google) для первоначальных исследований населения Южной Азии (опу

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human papillomavirus (HPV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) are DNA viruses which are highly prevalent among the general population. Although the prevalence of each of these viruses has been studied separately within South Asian populations, there are no studies regarding the pooled prevalence of these viruses …

Immunotherapy against cancer-related viruses.

Approximately 12% of all cancers worldwide are associated with viral infections. To date, eight viruses have been shown to contribute to the development of human cancers, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B and C viruses, and Human papilloma virus, among others. These DNA and RNA viruses produce oncogenic effects through distinct mechanisms. First, viruses may induce sustained disorders of host cell growth and survival through the genes they express, or may induce DNA damage response in host cells, which in turn increases host genome instability. Second, they may induce chronic inf

[Virus of sexual transmission: semen and virus relationship].

INTRODUCTION: The possible "infection"/interaction processes between sperm and different microorganisms are being under discussion nowadays. This process might include some viruses and even recent investigations are aiming to elucidate the mechanisms and the receptors that may be involved in this interaction. Furthermore, it has been reported the presence of some viral genomes within the sperm DNA, raising the possibility of transmitting the infection to the partner and offspring. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms by how viruses could possibly infect some seminal

Pathogenesis of virus-induced demyelination.

Demyelination is a component of several viral diseases of humans. The best known of these are subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There are a number of naturally occurring virus infections of animals that involve demyelination and many of these serve as instructive models for human demyelinating diseases. In addition to the naturally occurring diseases, many viruses have been shown to be capable of producing demyelination in experimental situations. In discussing virus-associated demyelinating disease, the chapter reviews the archite

Topical cidofovir for the treatment of dermatologic conditions: verruca, condyloma, intraepithelial neoplasia, herpes simplex and its potential use in smallpox.

Cidofovir is a new antiviral drug that has a broad spectrum of activity against several DNA viruses. Many of the disorders caused by these viruses do not have satisfactory therapy, and given the efficacy of this agent in treating many of these conditions, it holds great promise. It is hoped that ongoing studies will confirm the initial anecdotal reports regarding its therapeutic efficacy and lack of systemic side effects. It is also hoped that the cost to formulate and use cidofovir topically will eventually decrease to a level that will allow more widespread use of this drug.

Rates of spontaneous mutation among RNA viruses.

Simple methods are presented to estimate rates of spontaneous mutation from mutant frequencies and population parameters in RNA viruses. Published mutant frequencies yield a wide range of mutation rates per genome per replication, mainly because mutational targets have usually been small and, thus, poor samples of the mutability of the average base. Nevertheless, there is a clear central tendency for lytic RNA viruses (bacteriophage Q beta, poliomyelitis, vesicular stomatitis, and influenza A) to display rates of spontaneous mutation of approximately 1 per genome per replication. This rate is

Multi-Omics Analyses Show Disease, Diet, and Transcriptome Interactions With the Virome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The gut virome includes eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages that can shape the gut bacterial community and elicit host responses. The virome can be implicated in diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where gut bacteria play an important role in pathogenesis. We provide a comprehensive and longitudinal characterization of the virome, including DNA and RNA viruses and paired multi-omics data in a cohort of healthy subjects and patients with IBS. METHODS: We selected 2 consecutive stool samples per subject from a longitudinal study cohort and performed metagenomi

A review: Mechanism of action of antiviral drugs.

Antiviral drugs are a class of medicines particularly used for the treatment of viral infections. Drugs that combat viral infections are called antiviral drugs. Viruses are among the major pathogenic agents that cause number of serious diseases in humans, animals and plants. Viruses cause many diseases in humans, from self resolving diseases to acute fatal diseases. Developing strategies for the antiviral drugs are focused on two different approaches: Targeting the viruses themselves or the host cell factors. Antiviral drugs that directly target the viruses include the inhibitors of virus atta

Detection of Potential Infectious Enteric Viruses in Fresh Produce by (RT)-qPCR Preceded by Nuclease Treatment.

Foodborne illnesses associated with contaminated fresh produce are a common public health problem and there is an upward trend of outbreaks caused by enteric viruses, especially human noroviruses (HNoVs) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). This study aimed to assess the use of DNase and RNase coupled to qPCR and RT-qPCR, respectively, to detect intact particles of human adenoviruses (HAdVs), HNoV GI and GII and HAV in fresh produce. Different concentrations of DNase and RNase were tested to optimize the degradation of free DNA and RNA from inactivated HAdV and murine norovirus (MNV), respectively. Re

The yellow fever 17D vaccine virus as a vector for the expression of foreign proteins: development of new live flavivirus vaccines.

The Flaviviridae is a family of about 70 mostly arthropod-borne viruses many of which are major public health problems with members being present in most continents. Among the most important are yellow fever (YF), dengue with its four serotypes and Japanese encephalitis virus. A live attenuated virus is used as a cost effective, safe and efficacious vaccine against YF but no other live flavivirus vaccines have been licensed. The rise of recombinant DNA technology and its application to study flavivirus genome structure and expression has opened new possibilities for flavivirus vaccine developm

Identification of a distinct lineage of aviadenovirus from crane feces.

Viruses are believed to be ubiquitous; however, the diversity of viruses is largely unknown because of the bias of previous research toward pathogenic viruses. Deep sequencing is a promising and unbiased approach to detect viruses from animal-derived materials. Although cranes are known to be infected by several viruses such as influenza A viruses, previous studies targeted limited species of viruses, and thus viruses that infect cranes have not been extensively studied. In this study, we collected crane fecal samples in the Izumi plain in Japan, which is an overwintering site for cranes, and

The vaginal eukaryotic DNA virome and preterm birth.

BACKGROUND: Despite decades of attempts to link infectious agents to preterm birth, an exact causative microbe or community of microbes rema … livered preterm. Participants were predominantly African American (65%). Six families of eukaryotic DNA viruses were detected in the vaginal samples. At least 1 virus was detected in 80% of women. No specific virus or group of viruses was associated with preterm delivery. Higher viral richness was significantly associated with preterm delivery in the full gro …

Antiviral drugs for viruses other than human immunodeficiency virus.

Most viral diseases, with the exception of those caused by human immunodeficiency virus, are self-limited illnesses that do not require spec … itis C and respiratory syncytial virus and cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus and other DNA viruses. Drug resistance is an emerging threat to the clinical utility of antiviral drugs. The major mechanisms for drug resistance are mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene or in genes that encode for the viral kinases required for the activation of c …

ENDEMIC INFECTION OF STRANDED SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS) WITH NOVEL PARVOVIRUS, POLYOMAVIRUS, AND ADENOVIRUS.

Over the past century, the southern sea otter (SSO; Enhydra lutris nereis) population has been slowly recovering from near extinction due to … ing endemic infection. We found that 80% of tested SSO were infected with at least one of the three DNA viruses, whose tissue distribution we determined in 261 tissue samples. Parvovirus DNA was most frequently detected in mesenteric lymph node, polyomavirus DNA in spleen, and adenovirus DNA in multiple tissues (spleen, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph no …

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea.

Diarrhea is the major cause of non-research-associated morbidity and mortality affecting the supply of rhesus macaques and, potentially, their responses to experimental treatments. Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) in rhesus macaques also resembles ulcerative colitis, one form of human inflammatory bowel disease. To test for viral etiologies, we characterized and compared the fecal viromes from 32 healthy animals, 31 animals with acute diarrhea, and 29 animals with ICD. The overall fractions of eukaryotic viral reads were 0.063% for the healthy group, 0.131% for the acute-diarrhea group, and 0