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Neutrophil extracellular traps induce endothelial damage and exacerbate vasospasm in traumatic brain injury.

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) critically exacerbates secondary brain injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding the underlying … al injury and CVS, validating key therapeutic targets. Results: Our findings reveal that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) stimulate endothelial cells, promoting intracellular accumulation of TREM1, which forms a stable complex with NF-κB. This complex synergistically amplifies TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses, constituting a novel mechanism by which NETs agg …

IDO1 promotes Echinococcus multilocularis infection by regulating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

The widespread prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection poses a significant threat to human health. E. multilocularis is found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Given the limitations of current treatment methods, primarily surgical resection, there is a pressing need for more effective therapeutic options. We established a mouse model of E. multilocularis infection by injecting E. multilocularis protoscoleces into C57BL/6 mice. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) following E. multilocularis infection was identified and va…

TNFAIP3, PADI4, and CXCR4 as biomarkers of neutrophil extracellular traps in severe asthma.

Asthma is a heterogeneous condition impacting an estimated 300 million individuals globally. Although inhaled corticosteroids are effective in alleviating asthma symptoms, approximately 22 % - 60 % of patients still experience poor disease control. Among these patients, the majority exhibit abnormalities in neutrophils. Studies have shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a neutrophil-specific biological feature and play an important role in asthma pathogenesis. Therefore, we used bioinformatics approaches to identify biomarkers associated with NETs and asthma. Using machine-learn…

Нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки в расстройствах центральной нервной системы: механизмы, последствия и новые перспективы.

Нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки (НЕТ) в качестве важнейшего защитного механизма нейтрофилов в последние годы привлекли все большее внимание к их роли в расстройствах центральной нервной системы (КНС). В настоящем обзоре содержится исчерпывающая краткая информация об основных характеристиках и механизмах формирования ННО, а также освещаются последние результаты исследований, касающихся их участия в различных заболеваниях НКЦ. Обсуждаются конкретные механистические идеи, в том числе то, как НЕТ усугубляют ишемический инсульт в результате иммунотромбоза, способствуют нарушению кровеносных барь

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), as a crucial defense mechanism of neutrophils, have garnered increasing attention in recent years for their roles in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review comprehensively summarizes the fundamental characteristics and formation mechanisms of NETs, while highlighting the latest research advances regarding t…

Kinetics of neutrophil extracellular traps and cytokines in oral mucositis and Candida infection.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the concentrations of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and salivary cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, TNF, and TGF-β1) in patients undergoing chemotherapy and their associations with oral mucositis (OM) and Candida infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study performed at a Brazilian service included 60 adults diagnosed with hematolymphoid diseases. Saliva samples were collected on days D0, D3, D10, and D15. Cytokines were analyzed by ELISA and NET formation by identification of the myeloperoxidase-DNA complex. Oral Candida spp…

Extracellular traps development in canine neutrophils induced by infective stage Toxocara canis larvae.

Neutrophils, a crucial element of the host defense system, develop extracellular traps against helminth parasites. Neutrophils accumulate around the larvae of Toxocara canis (T. canis) in the tissues of the organism. This study aimed to determine the reaction in canine neutrophils after incubation with infective stage T. canis larvae (L3) in vitro. Most L3 were still active and moved between the extracellular traps (NETs) after 60-min incubation. NETs were not disintegrated by L3 movement. The L3 was only immobilized by NETs, entrapped larvae were still motile between the traps at the 24 h inc…

Arbutin alleviates intestinal colitis by regulating neutrophil extracellular traps formation and microbiota composition.

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal disease lacking effective treatments. β-arbutin, a glycoside extracted … western blotting (WB) were performed to verify the regulatory mechanism of β-arbutin on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vivo and in vitro. NETs depletion experiments were used to demonstrate the role of NETs in UC. Subsequently, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the intestinal microflora of mouse. RESULTS: Our results showed that β-arbutin c …

Staphylococcus aureus wraps around Candida albicans and synergistically escapes from Neutrophil extracellular traps.

BACKGROUND: NETs, a unique neutrophil immune mechanism, are vital in defending against microbial invasions. Understanding the mechanisms of co-infection by Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, which often leads to higher mortality and poorer prognosis, is crucial for studying infection progression. METHODS: In our study, we established a mouse model of subcutaneous infection to characterize the inflammation induced by co-infection. By purifying and extracting NETs to interact with microorganisms, we delve into the differences in their interactions with various microbial species. Additi

Selenium Ameliorates Aluminum Poisoning-Induced Impaired Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Chicken.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released by neutrophils to modulate the immune response. Aluminum (Al) poisoning is linked to immunotoxicity, and selenium (Se) can maintain immune homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of Al on the release of NETs, the antagonistic effect of Se on Al-induced toxicity, and the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. We assessed the cytotoxicity of aluminum on neutrophils using CCK-8 assay, visualized the structure of selenium/aluminum-induced NETs through immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscope, qu…

G-CSF induces neutrophil extracellular traps formation and promotes ovarian cancer peritoneal dissemination.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is characterized by aggressive peritoneal dissemination. Neutrophils are mobilized to peritoneal cavity in some patients with ovarian cancer dissemination; however, its pathological significance remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in ovarian cancer dissemination. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data and samples from 340 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent primary surgery between 2007 and 2016 at the Osaka University Hospital. In vitro, NETs formation was induced by stimulating huma…

NETworking for Health and in Disease: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Pediatric Surgical Care.

This comprehensive review examines the role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in pediatric surgery. Focusing on NET formation, functions, and implications, this study highlights their dual impact in infection control and contribution to tissue damage after surgery. It covers the role of NET formation in a range of pediatric conditions including immunothrombosis, formation of peritoneal adhesions, appendicitis, burns, gallstones, tumors, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The results underscore the significance of NETs in fighting infections and their association with complications lik…

Neutrophil extracellular traps formed during chemotherapy confer treatment resistance via TGF-β activation.

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer death, and the development of therapy resistance is common. The tumor microenvironment can confer chemotherapy resistance (chemoresistance), but little is known about how specific host cells influence therapy outcome. We show that chemotherapy induces neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which reduces therapy response in mouse models of breast cancer lung metastasis. We reveal that chemotherapy-treated cancer cells secrete IL-1β, which in turn triggers NET formation. Two NET-associated proteins are required to induce

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Potential Prothrombotic State Markers and Therapeutic Targets for Atrial Fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the mechanism of thrombogenesis has taken a new direction with the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, little is known about the relationship between NETs and thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to evaluate NETs in AF patients and their potential association with thrombogenesis. In addition, we studied the effect of NETs on thrombogenesis in rat models. METHODS: A total of 125 AF patients and 172 controls were studied. Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) was examined using transesophageal echocardiography to asse…

Echeveria Pallida: Inhibiting Adhesion of Fibroblasts From Pterygium and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Production.

CONTEXT: Pterygium, meaty eyes, is a disease that produces a triangular, conjunctival-epithelial, neovascularized overgrowth covering the co … he proliferation and viability of FBs, the proliferation of human lymphocytes, and human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production. NETs were induced using biochemical and microbiological stimuli-phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans-through fluorescence microscopy. RESULT …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cardiovascular diseases: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are net-like structures composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins, in particular myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase, have been demonstrated in bacterial, viral, protozoal, and fungal infections as a potent innate immunity mechanism of pathogen elimination associated with enhanced inflammation. Growing evidence indicates the contribution of NETs formation (NETosis), driven by protein-arginine deiminase type 4, to thrombosis, ischemia, and atherosclerosis. NETs are considered new players involved in the development and progression of cardi…

Low-dose ethanol consumption inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Ethanol consumption has been reported to reduce morbidity in RA patients … led receptor 43, which reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress in neutrophils and inhibited neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Furthermore, exogenous acetate reversed CIA mice with exacerbated gut microbial disruption, further confirming that the effect of gut microbial metabolite acetate on neutrophils in vivo is crucial for the immune regulation. Our findings i …

A Promising Biomolecule Able to Degrade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: CdcPDE, a Rattlesnake Phosphodiesterase.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important mechanism for defense against pathogens. Their overproduction can be harmful since excessive NET formation promotes inflammation and tissue damage in several diseases. Nucleases are capable to degrade NET on basis of their DNA hydrolysis activity, including the CdcPDE, a nuclease isolated from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake venom. Here, we report a new finding about CdcPDE activity, demonstrating its efficiency in degrading cell-free DNA from NETs, being a potential candidate to assist in therapies targeting inflammatory diseases.

Increased intracellular Cl- concentration mediates neutrophil extracellular traps formation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play crucial roles in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our preliminary study shows that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced NET formation is accompanied by an elevated intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) and reduced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression in freshly isolated human blood neutrophils. Herein we investigated whether and how [Cl-]i regulated NET formation in vitro and in vivo. We showed that neutrophil [Cl-]i and NET levels were increased in global CF…

Association of Lipoproteins with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA-protein structures released by neutrophils in response to various stimuli, including oxidized, low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Accumulating evidence suggests a role for NETs in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In this study, we investigated the potential association of lipoprotein particles and NETs in AAA in comparison to non-AAA control groups. The concentrations of neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), the NET parameters citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as well as of blood lipids were deter…

Tissue accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps mediates muscle hyperalgesia in a mouse model.

Accumulation of uric acid (UA) during muscular trauma is a factor involved in the development of muscle hyperalgesia. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), DNA-based reticular structures to capture UA, play a central role in the pain onset of gout attacks; however, the involvement of NETs via the elevation of local UA level in muscle hyperalgesia due to injuries from muscle overuse remains unknown. The triceps surae muscles (TSMs) in the unilateral hindlimb of mice were electrically stimulated to induce excessive muscle contraction. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds, tissue UA levels, neutroph…