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GABAergic MicroRNA-34a in the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei Contributes to Circulating MicroRNA-34a Levels.

Brain microRNAs (miRs) are expressed in a cell-specific manner and are implicated in several pathologies. Despite circulating miRs (c-miRs) being increasingly recognized as biomarkers of brain disorders, few studies have directly linked specific brain regions or cell types to plasma miR levels under physiological conditions. In the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN), mir-34a is selectively expressed in GABAergic neurons. This expression increases following prolonged stimuli that challenge DRN activity, like repeated stress or chronic SSRI administration. Here, we investigate whether plasma levels of mi…

Differential Effect of Two Transplantation Methods of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Hearing Improvement in Simulated Aging Rats.

BACKGROUND: Presbycusis is an age-related condition characterized by symmetrical bilateral hearing loss that progresses to total deafness in … t of an acoustic fear conditioned reflex and directly evaluated by the auditory brainstem response. Gabaergic neurons in the auditory cortex were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and apoptosis was detected using the terminal uridine nick-end labeling method. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, rats in the model B group exhibited a poor associ …

A non-canonical GABAergic pathway to the VTA promotes unconditioned freezing.

Freezing is a conserved defensive behaviour that constitutes a major stress-coping mechanism. Decades of research have demonstrated a role of the amygdala, periaqueductal grey and hypothalamus as core actuators of the control of fear responses, including freezing. However, the role that other modulatory sites provide to this hardwired scaffold is not known. Here, we show that freezing elicited by exposure to electrical foot shocks activates laterodorsal tegmentum (LDTg) GABAergic neurons projecting to the VTA, without altering the excitability of cholinergic and glutamatergic LDTg neurons. Sel…

Direct Septum-Hippocampus Cholinergic Circuit Attenuates Seizure Through Driving Somatostatin Inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated the involvement of cholinergic neurons in seizure; however, the specific role of the medial septum (M … pal cholinergic projections mediated the antiseizure effect by preferentially targeting hippocampal GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of hippocampal somatostatin-positive (rather than parvalbumin-positive) subtype of GABAergic neurons reversed the antiseizure effect of the MS-hippocampus cholinergic circuit, which was mimicked by activating so …

The Effect of Intracellular Calcium Buffer Bapta on Epileptiform Activity of Hippocampal Neurons.

The rhythm of epileptiform activity occurs in various brain injuries (ischemia, stroke, concussion, mechanical damage, AD, PD). The epilepti … esence of calcium buffer. Experiments were performed on two populations of neurons: a population of GABAergic neurons that responded selectively to ATPA, a calcium-permeable GluK1 kainate receptor agonist, and a population of glutamatergic neurons with a large amplitude of cluster depolarization (greater than -20 mV). These neurons made up the majority of neurons. …

The GABAergic pathway from anterior cingulate cortex to lateral hypothalamus area regulates irritable bowel syndrome in mice and its underlying mechanism.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, has a high global prevalence. The anterior cingulate corte … HA played a regulatory role in modulating IBS-like symptoms. The chemogenetic activation of ACC-LHA GABAergic neurons elicited anxiety-like behaviors, intestinal dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity in normal mice; however, these effects were effectively reversed by the administration of the GABAAR antagonist Bicuculline. Conversely, the chemogenetic inhibiti …

Neural circuits for stress-induced water drinking in relief of anxiety.

Drinking water is a rapid, instinctive behavior of mammals following stress. The role of such stress-induced water drinking behavior and its … Glu), consequently driving drinking behavior in mice. This drinking behavior subsequently activates GABAergic neurons in the MnPO (MnPOGABA), which then inhibit GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTAGABA), leading to disinhibition of reward-encoding dopaminergic VTA neurons (VTADA), ultimately mediating the extinction of stress-induced anxiety-like be …

Nicotinamide mononucleotide stimulates the activity of bursting slow-oscillation neurons in the supramammillary nucleus and enhances REM sleep.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) plays an important role in enhancing NAD+ levels and maintaining tissue functions in both mice and humans. Here, we show that NMN stimulates GABAergic neurons expressing Slc12a8, an NMN transporter, in the supramammillary (SuM) nucleus and enhances rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. By juxtacellular recording in the SuM, we have identified bursting slow-oscillation (SO) neurons that discharge in rhythmic theta burst at maximal rates during REM. Their firing frequency significantly decreases in aged mice, and NMN restores it to the level of young mice. The Slc12a8…

The medial preoptic area mediates depressive-like behaviors induced by ovarian hormone withdrawal through distinct GABAergic projections.

Fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels are associated with mood disruptions in women, such as in postpartum and perimenopausal depression. However, the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that medial preoptic area (MPOA) GABAergic neurons mediate multifaceted depressive-like behaviors in female mice after ovarian hormone withdrawal (HW), which can be attributed to downregulation of activity in Esr1 (estrogen receptor-1)-expressing GABAergic neurons. Enhancing activity of these neurons ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in HW-treated mice, whereas reducing their act…

Sleep down state-active ID2/Nkx2.1 interneurons in the neocortex.

Pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons fire together in balanced cortical networks. In contrast to this general rule, we describe a distinct neuron type in mice and rats whose spiking activity is anti-correlated with all principal cells and interneurons in all brain states but, most prevalently, during the down state of non-REM (NREM) sleep. We identify these down state-active (DSA) neurons as deep-layer neocortical neurogliaform cells that express ID2 and Nkx2.1 and are weakly immunoreactive to neuronal nitric oxide synthase. DSA neurons are weakly excited by deep-layer pyramidal cells an

Functional heterogeneity of POMC neurons relies on mTORC1 signaling.

Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are known to trigger satiety. However, these neuronal cells encompass heterogeneous subpopu … enetic studies further reveal that pharmacological blockade of mTORC1 simultaneously activates POMC/GABAergic neurons and inhibits POMC/glutamatergic ones, implying that the functional specificity of these subpopulations relies on mTORC1 activity. Finally, POMC neurons with different neurotransmitter profiles possess specific molecular signatures and spatial distri …

Дисибиторический нигра-парафашкулярный путь усиливает припадок в височной доле эпилепсии.

Точный контур подстантийского нигра pars reticulata (SNr), связанного с эпилепсией височной доли (TLE), остается неясным. Здесь мы обнаружили, что оптогенетическая или хемогенетическая активация SNr parvalbumin+ (PV) GABAergic нейронов усиливает деятельность по изъятию в моделях TLE, вызванных подогревом и кайниковой кислотой, в то время как селективная ингибиция этих нейронов облегчает изъятие. Серьезность изъятий в двух направлениях регулируется оптогенными манипуляциями волокнами SNr PV, проецируемыми на парафашкулярное ядро (PF). Электрофизиология в сочетании с картированием цепи с помощью

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The precise circuit of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) involved in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is still unclear. Here we found that optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of SNr parvalbumin+ (PV) GABAergic neurons amplifies seizure activities in kindling- and kainic acid-induced TLE models, whereas selective inhibition of these neurons alleviates…

Widespread Neuroanatomical Integration and Distinct Electrophysiological Properties of Glioma-Innervating Neurons.

UNLABELLED: Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors and are often associated with severe neurological deficits and mortality. Unlike many cancers, gliomas rarely metastasize outside the brain, indicating a possible dependency on unique features of brain microenvironment. Synapses between neurons and glioma cells exist, suggesting that glioma cells rely on neuronal inputs and synaptic signaling for proliferation. Yet, the locations and properties of neurons that innervate gliomas have remained elusive. In this study, we utilized transsynaptic tracing with a pseudotyped, glyco

Ketamine enhances ketogenic diet-induced resilience to activity-based anorexia of adult mice through hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

Ketogenic diet (KGD) combined with ketamine (KET) suppresses food restriction-evoked hyperactivity in activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse mo … ses. Pyramidal cell layer (PCL) was analyzed to assess the contribution by parvalbumin + subtype of GABAergic neurons known to reside there, while stratum lacunosum-molecular (SLM) was analyzed to assess inhibition by non-PV + GABAergic neurons known to reside there. In both PCL and SLM, the KET + KGD group exhibited greater correlation between GABAergic inhibition …

Activation of mu-opioid receptors slows pacemaking in hypothalamic A11 dopamine neurons.

Hypothalamic A11 dopamine neurons provide the only known source of spinal dopamine and critically modulate pain and motor systems. Yet, the electrophysiological properties of A11 neurons were unknown. Here, we characterized A11 dopamine neurons in mice using brain slice immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence-guided whole-cell patch-clamp and cell-attached electrophysiology. A11 dopamine neurons contained the enzymes necessary to synthesize dopamine, projected to the spinal cord, and were small, morphologically simple, and high resistance. Additionally, they received excitatory glutamatergic an

A role of GABAA receptor α1 subunit in the hippocampus for rapid-acting antidepressant-like effects of ketamine.

Ketamine can produce rapid-acting antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients with depression. Although alterations in glutamater … ession-like behavior. Furthermore, ketamine increased the levels of enzymes and transporters on the GABAergic neurons (SAT1, GAD67, GAD65, VGAT and GAT1) and astrocytes (EAAT2 and GAT3), without affecting the levels of enzymes and transporters (SAT2, VGluT1 and GABAAR γ2) on glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, ketamine caused a decreased expression of GABAAR α1 subuni …

Effects of N6 -(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside in stress-induced insomnia in rodents.

Adenosine exhibits a somnogenic effect; however, there is no adenosinergic hypnotic because of cardiovascular effects. This study investigated whether N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside (T1-11), extracted from Gastrodia elata, produces somnogenic effects in rodents. We determined the involvement of adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs) in GABAergic neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and the cardiovascular effects. Change of cage bedding is employed as a stressor to induce insomnia in rodents, and electroencephalograms and electromyograms were used to acquire and analyse sleep-wake a…

Transcriptomic and electrophysiological alterations underlying phenotypic variability in SCN1A-associated febrile seizures.

Febrile seizures (FS) are a common childhood neurological condition triggered by fever in children without prior neurological disorders. While generally benign, some individuals, particularly those with complex FS or genetic predispositions, may develop epilepsy or other neurological comorbidities. The mechanisms underlying this transition remain unclear. Mutations in SCN1A, encoding the NaV1.1 sodium channel α-subunit, have been linked to several epilepsy syndromes associated with FS. This study examines phenotypic variability in individuals carrying the same SCN1A c.434T > C mutation, using