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[Polymorphism and modern diagnostic approaches for Leber congenital amaurosis].

PURPOSE: This study investigated the prevalence and morphofunctional characteristics of the retina in the diagnosis of various types of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) among patients from Moscow and the Moscow region, based on the data from the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to analyze the polymorphism and prevalence of LCA, the study examined a total of 226 patients suspected of having hereditary retinal dystrophies, genetic diagnosis of Leber amaurosis was confirmed in 24 patients. All 24 patients underwen…

Evervac: phase I/II study of immunogenicity and safety of a new adjuvant-free TBE vaccine cultivated in Vero cell culture.

Approximately 10,000 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a serious disease of the central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalit … arative, controlled, and was conducted in TBE-endemic areas. The commercial lyophilized vaccine TBE-Moscow was used as a comparison treatment. The subjects were observed for incidence, severity, and duration of adverse reactions. It was shown that the severity of local and systemic reactions in the Evervac vaccine group was mild to moderate. There were n …

Spreading the Wealth: Developing Assessments of Cognitive Abilities in Non-WEIRD Countries.

In this brief essay I reminisce on the ideas I encountered in Lev Vygotsky's lectures on pedology as an undergraduate student at Moscow State University in the USSR. Some of these ideas have been reliably stored in my professional memory and have influenced how my colleagues and I have approached the assessment of IQ (or general cognitive abilities) in countries other than the ones in which they were developed. Whereas the essay is autobiographical in nature, it attempts to make a generalizable point that spreading the wealth of existing knowledge, principles, and practice is as central to the…

[Neuroendocrine factors in pathogenesis of motion sickness and the protective effect of drugs].

The paper presents a generalization of many-year complex investigations performed at various departments of the Institute of Medico-Biological Problems (Moscow) and various laboratories and institutes of the Ministry of Public Health and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, devoted to the pathogenesis of motion disease (sea sickness, vestibulo vegetative syndrome, various forms of kinetosis). The main attention is given to interpretation of the mechanisms of therapeutic and prophylactic action of drugs used for the treatment of such disorders. In particular, the role of a hormonal componen…

[Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infections and AIDS].

As shown by tuberculosis screening in HIV-infected and AIDS subjects performed in the Moscow Anti-AIDS Center from 1989-1994, tuberculosis morbidity in the above subjects is 17.3 per 1,000. Mean age of the tuberculosis subjects was 34 years. Most of them were males with acute generalized pulmonary tuberculosis which coursed malignantly and resulted in deaths of progressive tuberculosis in 12 of 18 patients within 15 months. Onset of tuberculosis in HIV-infected subjects is attributed to activation of endogenic infection in parallel with T4-lymphocyte depletion and deterioration of cellular imm…

[The role of endogenous and exogenous factors in the etiology of skin melanoma].

The results of case-control study of skin melanoma carried out in Moscow are presented. They point to considerable influence of endogenous factors on the relative risk of melanoma. The risk of melanoma is increased by such factors as light color of the skin, presence of freckles and moles. Exposure to UV-radiation raised the risk of melanoma, however, after relevant adjustment for the said factors relative risk was reduced. Consumption of greens and high blood levels of alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased the risk of melanoma. Female users of oral contraceptives had significantly lower ri…

[Characteristics of the course of pregnancy complicated by gestosis].

Analysis and statistical processing of 10758 labor histories of pregnant women with various gestoses, who delivered their babies at maternity home No. 27 in Moscow in 1986-87, has helped the author define the specific features of present-day gestoses, that are characterized by an increased incidence of combined forms, atypical and poorly manifest symptoms, predominance of neurocirculatory dystonia and obesity among other underlying diseases in combined forms, development of a number of complications that deteriorate maternal and fetal status in the presence of inapparent prolonged gestoses, an…

Обезьянья оспа у людей: текущие результаты.

Представленные исследования были проведены в Центре сотрудничества ВОЗ по оспе в Москве в рамках проекта ВОЗ по обезьяньей оспе. Авторы рекомендуют усовершенствовать методы быстрого обнаружения ортопоксивирусного антигена, а именно пассивного гемагглютина (PHA) с использованием высушенных устойчивых красных кровяных клеток и ЭЛИСА, с тем чтобы обеспечить более быструю и эффективную лабораторную диагностику в полевых условиях. Независимый серологический диагноз обезьяньей оспы с помощью адсорбции ELISA (ELISA-A) оказался полезным для эпидемиологических исследований и для выявления неопознанных

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The presented studies were performed at the WHO Collaboration Center for Smallpox in Moscow in the framework of the WHO monkey pox project. The authors recommend improved methods for rapid detection of orthopoxvirus antigen, namely passive haemagglutination (PHA) using dried stable red blood cells and ELISA in order to provide more rapid and efficient labora…

[Characteristics of the blood lipoprotein spectrum in commercial aviation pilots].

The study of lipids of civil pilots, aged 30-59 years, showed that their average levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were higher than those in a random sample of the male population of Moscow. The average level of HDL cholesterol in pilots was lower than in the sample. The prevalence of dislipoproteinemias in pilots was significantly higher than in the sample. The above lipoprotein changes in pilots versus nonpilots and the prevalence of hyperlipidemias suggest that they are "aterogenic" and produced by the flying profession. These observations also indicate that civil pilots should be reg…

Significant reduction in the incidence of non-coronavirus infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on ibrutinib and venetoclax treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: An additional benefit of lockdown.

Effective treatment and prevention of infections challenge management of patients with chronic lymphicytic leukemia (CLL). The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the reduction of outpatient hospital visits as a part of non-pharmaceutical interventions that could affect the incidence of infectious complications. Study enrolled patients with CLL receiving ibrutinib or/and venetoclax who were observed at the Moscow City Centre of Hematology from 01 April 2017 to 31 March 2021. We found a reduction in the incidence of infectious episodes after the implementation of the lockdown in Moscow in 01 April 20…

In Vitro Efficacy of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1.

The spread of COVID-19 continues, expressed by periodic wave-like increases in morbidity and mortality. The reason for the periodic increase … tic drugs. As part of this study, we report the results of the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 in Moscow using genetic and virological methods. As a result of this monitoring, we determined the dominant genetic variants and identified the variants that are most widespread, not only in Moscow, but also in other countries. A collection of viruses from mo …

[Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with Asp90Ala CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutations in Russia].

16 blood samples from Russian patients (Moscow) with idiopathic motor neuron disease were analysed for mutations in the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene. Two patients (12.5%) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were found to have a disease related mutation. One patient appears to have autosomal recessive adult-onset ALS associated with homozygosity for Asp90Ala and presents the characteristic phenotype of very slowly ascending paresis with both lower and upper motor neuron signs. The other patient heterozygous for Asp90Ala presents ALS with lumbar onset and rapid progression. Both of cases …

Cytogenetic status of blood lymphocytes in schoolchildren living middle and high latitudes.

Intensive industrial development of the northern regions of the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the extraction and processin … olchildren living in middle and high latitudes. The study was carried out in the city of Serpukhov, Moscow region (54 ° 54 '56 "N, 37 ° 24' 40" E) and the city of Apatity, Murmansk region (67 ° 34'03 "N, 33 ° 23'36 ″ E). A total of 40 children aged 16-18 were examined - 20 children each from the city of Serpukhov and from the city of Apatity. The micronu …

[The problem of initial stage of mass production of penicillin in the USSR].

The article analyzes the problems of initial stage of mass production of penicillin in the USSR on the basis of documents of the State archi … f VIEM and serial production of penicillin at the Karpov enterprise and plant of endocrine drugs in Moscow began only in late 1944, and amount production was were extremily not enough. In this situation, in early 1945, G. A. Miterev, the People's Commissar of Health Care, raised the question of buying plants for the production of penicillin in the United …

[Late radiation injuries of the skin and underlying tissues in the treatment of oncological patients].

Based on 3594 case reports of patients, who received radiotherapy for malignant tumors 5 years or more ago, there was determined the incidence rate of different forms of late skin radiation injuries amounting to 41.5%. A considerable number of patients with late radiation injuries and the enhanced intensity of pathological changes in the irradiation zone with the lapse of time enabled raising a question on the organization of preventive therapy in the country. It is considered necessary to provide the dispensary control of all patients, subjected to radiotherapy, and to keep records of this co

[Criteria for the operability and inoperability of malignant tumors in the cerebral hemispheres among children].

At the Moscow Burdenko Institute, 128 children with malignant tumours of the cerebral hemispheres were operated on within 10 years: 87 total removals, 28 subtotal resections, 13 biopsies and explorations. Lethality of the first 10 days: 7. Size and extent of the tumours do not yield any contraindications for surgery. Rapid section examination does not give sufficient information about the postoperative course. Some patients with histologically malignant tumours have been under after-observation for 10 to 15 years. Only the intraoperative macroscopic findings permit a decision with respect to o…

[The technology of enhancement of detection of chronic renal diseases].

The chronic kidney disease takes a special place among chronic non-communicable diseases because it is characterized by wide prevalence worldwide. However, its detection rate among Moscow adult population is 1%, though in the European countries this indicator is significantly higher and is made up on average to 6%. At the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease, quality of life of such patients decreases dramatically, that result in working capacity loss and disability. These patients often require expensive methods of programmed hemo- and peritoneal dialysis. The corresponding mortality is m…