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Biomaterials from the sea: Future building blocks for biomedical applications.

Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials. The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms. This field is rapidly evolving. Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials. The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan, marine-derived collagen, and composites of different organisms of marine origin. The diversity of marine natural products, their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in t

Novel diagnostic options for endometriosis - Based on the glycome and microbiome.

BackgroundEndometriosis is a chronic gynaecological disease whose aetiology is still unknown. Despite its prevalence among women of reproductive age, the pathology of the disease has not yet been elucidated and only symptomatic treatment is available. Endometriosis has high latency and diagnostic methods are both limited and invasive.Aim of reviewThe aim of this review is to summarise minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis and their diagnostic efficiencies. Furthermore, we discuss the identification and diagnostic potential of novel disease biomarkers of microb

Potential Targeting Mechanisms for Bone-Directed Therapies.

Bone development is characterized by complex regulation mechanisms, including signal transduction and transcription factor-related pathways, glycobiological processes, cellular interactions, transportation mechanisms, and, importantly, chemical formation resulting from hydroxyapatite. Any abnormal regulation in the bone development processes causes skeletal system-related problems. To some extent, the avascularity of cartilage and bone makes drug delivery more challenging than that of soft tissues. Recent studies have implemented many novel bone-targeting approaches to overcome drawbacks. Howe

Nucleotide Metabolism in Health and Disease.

Nucleotide metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process, providing the building blocks for DNA and RNA synthesis while driving critical cellular functions like energy transfer, signal transduction, and coenzyme synthesis. The precise regulation of nucleotide de novo synthesis, salvage, and degradation pathways is imperative for maintaining genomic stability and tissue homeostasis. Aberrations in these networks are increasingly recognized as primary drivers in various pathologies; notably, cancer cells exploit metabolic-functional reprogramming to enable rapid proliferation and therapeutic r

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… Additionally, sugar nucleotides are utilized as building blocks for generating deoxysugars, aminodeoxysugars, chain‐branched sugars, and uronic acids. For plants and most animals, the biosynthetic route to vitamin C originates from sugar nucleotides. …

Extracellular matrix dysregulation in aging, calcification, and cancer diseases: insights into cellular senescence, inflammation, and novel therapeutic strategies.

This review underscores the dynamic role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating cellular behavior and maintaining tissue homeostasis, highlighting its pivotal involvement in aging, calcification, and cancer diseases. In healthy tissues, controlled ECM remodeling provides essential biochemical and mechanical cues, but dysregulation (driven by chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication) leads to fibrosis, calcification, and the creation of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Senescent cells contribute to these changes through senescence-associated