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Allergy in Cancer Care: Antineoplastic Therapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions.

As the backbone of oncological treatments, systemic chemotherapy is still one of the main pawns in cancer care, alone or in combination with newer targeted agents. All chemotherapy agents can be associated with a type of adverse event called an infusion reaction, which can be characterized as unpredictable, non-dose related, and unexplained by the cytotoxic profile of the drug. For some of these events, a certain immunological mechanism can be identified by blood or skin testing. In this case, we can speak of true hypersensitivity reactions that occur as a response to an antigen/allergen. The

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… The solvent and emulsifying agent CremophorEl, formulated with paclitaxel, have been proven to induce direct complement activation with consecutive mastocyte and basophils anaphylatoxins induced activation. … The underlying mechanism seems to be a dose-dependent one, with direct degranulation of basophils following infusion. 2.5.2. …

Каннабидиол как иммунный модулятор: всеобъемлющий обзор.

Каннабидиол (КБР), непсихоактивный фитоканнабиноид, полученный из сативы Каннабиса, стал многообещающим терапевтическим агентом в силу его разнообразных фармакологических свойств, включая сильные антивоспалительные, нейрозащитные и иммунодуляторные эффекты. КБР модифицирует иммунную реакцию, включая регулирование активности клеток Т, введение апоптоза макрофага, подавление провоспалительных цитокинов и модуляцию сигнальных путей воспаления и иммунной гомеостазии. Был проведен всеобъемлющий поиск литературы с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science в целях выявления соответств

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… It interacts with macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, NK cells, and microglial cells, regulating key immune processes. … Basophils, like mast cells, contribute to the connection between innate and adaptive immunity. …

Genetic Regulation of Tryptase Production and Clinical Impact: Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia, Mastocytosis and Beyond.

Tryptase is a serine protease that is predominantly produced by tissue mast cells (MCs) and stored in secretory granules together with other pre-formed mediators. MC activation, degranulation and mediator release contribute to various immunological processes, but also to several specific diseases, such as IgE-dependent allergies and clonal MC disorders. Biologically active tryptase tetramers primarily derive from the two genes TPSB2 (encoding β-tryptase) and TPSAB1 (encoding either α- or β-tryptase). Based on the most common gene copy numbers, three genotypes, 0α:4β, 1α:3β and 2α:2β, were defi

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… The higher tryptase amounts are considered to derive from basophils, mast cells or blasts, depending on the type of disease and on the presence of concomitant systemic mastocytosis [ 133 , 153 ]. … Detection of tryptase in cytoplasmic granules of basophils in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and other myeloid neoplasms. Blood. 2001;98:2580–2583. doi: 10.1182/blood.V98.8.2580. 151. …

Development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during long-term lenalidomide maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma.

Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been considered a very rare event among patients on immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) such as lenalidomide, and an association between the two has not well been recognized. We have recently experienced a rare case of multiple myeloma in which the patient had suffered EBV reactivation during long-term lenalidomide maintenance therapy. The patient subsequently developed EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) as well as EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), which was fatal despite intensive treatment. Although rare, clinic

Immune mediated support of metastasis: Implication for bone invasion.

Bone is a common organ affected by metastasis in various advanced cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, and melanoma. Once a patient is diagnosed with bone metastasis, the patient's quality of life and overall survival are significantly reduced owing to a wide range of morbidities and the increasing difficulty of treatment. Many studies have shown that bone metastasis is closely related to bone microenvironment, especially bone immune microenvironment. However, the effects of various immune cells in the bone microenvironment on bone metastasis remain unclear. Here, we describe

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… Basophils and bone metastasis Basophils, a type of granulocyte, are typically found in the blood in very low quantities, usually accounting for less than 1%. However, research on basophils and their roles in cancer is limited. … However, other studies have suggested that basophils can play an antitumor role in melanoma, where they secrete CCL3 and CCL4, and recruit CD8 + T cells to kill tumor cells [ 175 ]. Therefore, the role of basophils in bone metastasis warrants further study. …

Do Antinuclear Antibodies Influence the Clinical Features of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria?: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundAntinuclear antibody (ANA) is often used as a screening test for autoimmune comorbidities in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, the relationship of ANA status and the clinical course of the disease have not been fully described.ObjectivesTo compare clinical features of CSU patients who are positive and negative for ANA.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled CSU patients attending the Urticaria Clinic at Siriraj Hospital from 2013 to 2019. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, and treatments were collected until

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… As of now, the autoimmune theory is the more widely accepted hypothesis to explain the inappropriate activation of mast cells and basophils. Two endotypes of CSU have been described [ 20 , 29 ]. … Tests for Type IIb aiCSU included autologous serum skin test (ASST), autoantibody immunoassays, and basophil activation testing. However, these tests are not widely available and have limitations, i.e., some are invasive, not sufficiently validated, and/or cost intensive. …

Chimeric Antigen Receptors Based on Low Affinity Mutants of FcεRI Re-direct T Cell Specificity to Cells Expressing Membrane IgE.

IgE is the key mediator of allergic responses. Omalizumab, an IgE-specific monoclonal antibody that depletes IgE, is effective for treating severe allergic asthma. The need for frequent administration of the expensive drug, however, limits its applications. Taking advantage of T cell memory, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) targeting IgE-producing cells has the potential to achieve long-term suppression of IgE and relief of symptoms for severe allergic diseases. The transmembrane form of IgE (mIgE), which is present on all IgE-producing cells, serves as an excellent molecular target for ACT that

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… FcεRIα-Based CARs do not recognize cells with secreted IgE captured through FcεRI Through high affinity interaction with FcεRI, secreted IgE may be stably bound to the surfaces of mast cells, eosinophils, basophils and Langerhans cells. … Targeting FcεRI-expressing mast cells, basophils and eosinophils, for example, would be especially problematic since it may trigger massive degranulation and anaphylaxis. …

Hematopoietic Tumors

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Role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common and most intensively studied chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Several cofactors, such as an impaired skin barrier function, modifications of the immune system, and a complex genetic background, direct the course of AD. Within this complex network, macrophages play a pivotal role in enhanced susceptibility to cutaneous infections and act as central connecting components in the pathogenesis of AD on the cellular level. In AD, macrophages are known to accumulate in acutely and chronically inflamed skin. During the early and short inflammatory ph

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… , eosinophils, endothelial cells | Chemoattractant for neutrophils, NK cells, T cells, basophils, eosinophils; mobilization of hematopoieticstem cells; angiogenesis | Increased levels during inflammatory diseases (e.g., AD, RA, psoriasis, bacterial and viral infections) IL-10 | Homodimer | 20.5 kd, … Besides human mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, macrophages as one of the effector cells of skin inflammation, are major sources of a vast array of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors such as VEGFs, angiogenin, and IL-8. …

Communication between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the tumor microenvironment.

The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a critical player in maintaining human health and influencing disease development. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is pivotal in tumor development and progression, comprising immune cells, stromal elements, extracellular matrix components, and cytokines. Recent studies have highlighted the promising potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, polyamines, and tryptophan derivatives) to reshape the TME in various ways, generating significant interest for the development of novel therapeutic st

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… Moreover, butyrate and propionate can induce apoptosis and degranulation in basophils to modify basophil-mediated immune responses ( 73 ). … Induce basophil apoptosis even in the presence of IL-3 (apoptosis inhibition); 4. …

Role of IL-5 in eosinophil-associated diseases and prospects for multi-target therapy.

Eosinophil-associated diseases are a group of inflammatory disorders characterized by abnormal eosinophil infiltration, which significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Interleukin-5 (IL-5), a critical cytokine that regulates eosinophil development, activation, chemotaxis, and survival, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review systematically examines the molecular structure and signaling pathways of IL-5, its mechanisms of action in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the development and clinical applications of monoclonal antibodie

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… IL-5R is primarily responsible for recognizing and binding IL-5 ligands, with expression predominantly found on the surface of eosinophils, basophils, and certain immune cells ( 13 ). … This mechanism not only blocks IL-5 signal transduction but also directly induces apoptosis of eosinophils and basophils, resulting in a “dual inhibition” effect ( 50 ). …

Disentangling the Complex Relationships Between Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer Through Polygenic Risk Scores: Evidence from a Large Prospective Study.

Although prior studies have reported a link between autoimmunity and carcinogenesis, the roles of genetic factors and potential mediators involved in this process remain elusive. We constructed disease-specific and combined polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for 6 common autoimmune diseases (AIDs) (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis [UC], and type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1D]) in the UK Biobank cohort. Compared to those without AID, AID patients at baseline had increased risks of overall cancer, hematological, digestive, and

PARIS score for evaluation of probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients.

Control of transmissible diseases as COVID-19 needs a testing and an isolation strategy. The PARIS score developed by Torjdman et al. was aimed at improving patient selection for testing and quarantining but was derived from a general population. We performed a retrospective analysis of the validity of the PARIS score in a cancer patient population. We included 164 patients counting for 181 visits at the emergency department of the Jules Bordet Institute between March 10th and May 18th which had a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test at admission. Twenty-six cases (14.3%) were tested positive with a higher

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… The score (ranged from 0 to 5) is based on the evaluation of complete blood cell count (lymphocytes < 1.3 G/L, eosinophiles < 0.06 G/L, basophiles < 0.04 G/L, and polymorphonuclear < 5 G/L) and has been reported to have a good performance to evaluate the pre-test probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection and … SARS-CoV-2 infection Total score obtained by adding the four individual values: Total score values from 0 to 5 Score 0–1 Low probability Score 2–3 Intermediate probability Score ≥ 4 High probability Variable | Number of points Eosinophils < 0.06 G/L | 1 Lymphocytes < 1.3 G/L | 2 Neutrophils < 5 G/L | 1 Basophils …

Recommendations of the SFH (French Society of Haematology) for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hairy cell leukaemia.

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare haematological malignancy, with approximately 175 new incident cases in France. Diagnosis is based on a careful examination of the blood smear and immunophenotyping of the tumour cells, with a panel of four markers being used specifically to screen for hairy cells (CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123). In 2011, the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene in exon 15 was identified in HCL; being present in HCL, it is absent in the variant form of HCL (HCL-v) and in splenic red pulp lymphoma (SRPL), two entities related to HCL. The management of patients with HCL has changed

Hematological indices as indicators of silent inflammation in achalasia patients: A cross-sectional study.

Complete blood count (CBC)-derived parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte (ELR) ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are sensitive markers of occult inflammation and disease activity for systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, esophageal cancer, etc. We assessed NLR, PLR, MLR, and ELR as indicators of inflammation in achalasia patients.This cross-sectional study included 103 achalasia patients and 500 healthy blood donor volunteers (HD). Demographic, clinical and laboratory informatio

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… Rev Assoc Med Bras 2017 ; 63 : 1065 – 8 . 29489971 10.1590/1806-9282.63.12.1065 [29] Yang Z Zhang Z Lin F Comparisons of neutrophil-, monocyte-, eosinophil-, and basophil- lymphocyte ratios among various systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases . … Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013 ; 12 : 117 – 29 . 23334207 10.1038/nrd3838 PMC3822762 [36] Geering B Stoeckle C Conus S Living and dying for inflammation: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils . …

Hematopoietic Tumors

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The Benefit of Telemonitoring in the Prevention of Septic Shock in a Patient with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Telemonitoring is a great tool for vital signs monitoring in patients at high risk of severe life-threatening infections, such as haemato-oncological patients. As it can detect early symptoms of an infection, it allows early reaction and, therefore, can help prevent the progression of the infection into severe sepsis. We present a case report of a 69-year-old patient with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing intensive immunochemotherapy. The treatment was complicated by two episodes of Gram-negative bacterial (G-) infection. During the first episode, the patient was admitted to the hospi

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… WBC | 0.68 | × 10 9 /L | Urea | 8.8 | mmol/L ANC | 0.6 | × 10 9 /L | Creatinine | 120 | μmol/L Lymphocytes | 0.04 | × 10 9 /L | eGF | 0.89 | mL/s Monocytes | 0.03 | × 10 9 /L | ALT | 0.88 | μkat/L Eosinophils | 0.00 | × 10 9 /L | AST | 0.53 | μkat/L Basophils | 0.01 | × 10 9 /L | GGT | 0.92 | μkat/L … WBC | 3.16 | × 10 9 /L | Urea | 6.0 | mmol/L ANC | 2.95 | × 10 9 /L | Creatinine | 94 | μmol/L Lymphocytes | 0.16 | × 10 9 /L | eGF | 1.19 | mL/s Monocytes | 0.02 | × 10 9 /L | ALT | 0.54 | μkat/L Eosinophils | 0.01 | × 10 9 /L | AST | 0.59 | μkat/L Basophils | 0.02 | × 10 9 /L | GGT | 0.47 | μkat/L …

Continuous non-invasive monitoring of the skin temperature of HSCT recipients.

Goals of workEmpirical antibiotic therapy usually started in patients who are neutropenic following treatment with cytostatic chemotherapy for a haematological malignancy as soon as fever develops to forestall fulminant sepsis. Hence, accurate and timely detection of fever is crucial to the successful management of infectious complications in these patients. We report an investigation of the feasibility and validity of continuous non-invasive body temperature measurement.Patients and methodsThe feasibility of non-invasive continuous measurement of the skin temperature was investigated using th

Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Four Patients with Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis Treated with Midostaurin.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare and heterogeneous disorder characterized by clonal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in one or more organs, most commonly the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and skin. Among its clinical variants, aggressive SM (ASM) presents organ damage and debilitating symptoms due to extensive mast cell infiltration. The management of ASM remains challenging, primarily because treatment must address both symptom control and disease progression. Background/Objectives: Recent therapeutic approaches have focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that t

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… In ex-vivo setting, basophils from SM patients exposed to midostaurin, histamine release was attenuated, correlating with rapid amelioration of pruritus, flushing, and anaphylactoid episodes [ 12 ]. … Midostaurin (PKC412) inhibits immunoglobulin E-dependent activation and mediator release in human blood basophils and mast cells. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 2009;39:1711–1720. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03353.x. 38. Broderick V., Waghorn K., Langabeer S.E., Jeffers M., Cross N.C., Hayden P.J. …

Sternal Tumor Resection and Complex Chest Wall Reconstruction of a Solitary Plasmacytoma: A Report of a Rare Case.

Localized sternal plasmacytoma is a rare and aggressive oncologic condition. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy offers the highest chance of cure. Radical resection of the chest wall is technically feasible and is associated with improved outcomes. Subsequent reconstruction using meshes, plates, and both autologous and allogenic tissues allows for the restoration of chest wall function and may prolong survival. Patients with solitary plasmacytoma require close follow-up to monitor for local recurrence or distant disease progression. We present a case of a 63-year-old man diagnosed wit

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… 140 | 115-150 g/L Hematocrit | 0.397 | 0.350-0.490 L/L Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) | 94.0 | 85.2-98.5 fL Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) | 33.2 | 27.0-33.0 pg Platelets | 313 | 112-330 x 10 9 /L Lymphocytes (%) | 16.4 | 15.2-41.9 Monocytes (%) | 8.9 | 4.9-11.0 Eosinophils (%) | 1.0 | Up to 6.2 Basophils … (%) | 0.1 | Up to 1.3 Neutrophils (%) | 73.6 | 37.6-78.7 Lymphocytes, absolute count | 1.83 | 1.00-4.50 x 10 9 /L Monocytes, absolute count | 1.00 | 0.40-1.10 x 10 9 /L Eosinophils, absolute count | 0.11 | 0.04-0.50 x 10 9 /L Basophils, absolute count | 0.01 | Up to 0.10 x 10 9 /L Neutrophils, absolute …