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Evaluating natural history and treatment response in cardiac amyloidosis: the evolving role of multimodality imaging.

Cardiac amyloidosis, characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the heart, is a major cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. It includes two main forms-transthyretin and immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis-and carries a poor prognosis if left untreated. With emerging new therapies, the growing need to assess treatment response highlights imaging biomarkers as valuable and promising surrogate endpoints. This review discusses current evidence on changes in imaging markers following treatment, contrasting them with the natural progression of the disease. The focus is on magnetic

Percutaneous-Reinforced Osteoplasty: A Review of Emerging Treatment Strategies for Bone Interventions.

Percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty is currently being investigated as a possible therapeutic procedure for fracture stabilization in high-risk patients, primarily in patients with bone metastases or osteoporosis. For these patients, a percutaneous approach, if structurally sound, can provide a viable method for treating bone fractures without the physiologic stress of anesthesia and open surgery. However, the low strength of fixation is a common limitation that requires further refinement in scaffold design and selection of materials, and may potentially benefit from tissue-engineering-based

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… Estimation of mechanical stiffness by finite element analysis of ultrasound computed tomography (UCT-FEA); a comparison with X-ray µCT based FEA in cancellous bone replica models. Appl. Acoust. 2018;133:8–15. doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.12.002. 74. E Martin D., E Severns A., Kabo J. …

The role of myeloid derived suppressor cells in musculoskeletal disorders.

The immune system is closely linked to bone homeostasis and plays a pivotal role in several pathological and inflammatory conditions. Through various pathways it modulates various bone cells and subsequently sustains the physiological bone metabolism. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid-derived cells that can exert an immunosuppressive function through a direct cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines or specific exosomes. These cells mediate the innate immune response to chronic stress on the skeletal system. In chronic

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… Related to the destruction of the cancellous bone microstructure, the trabeculae become thinner and more fragile with larger trabecular separation, subsequently manifesting in reduced bone volume ( 54 , 55 ). …

Imaging for Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: What, When, and How?

Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis, response assessment, and follow-up of patients with plasma cell bone disease. The radiologic diagnostic paradigm has thus far evolved with developing technology and availability of better imaging platforms; however, the skewed availability of these imaging modalities in developed vis-à-vis the developing countries along with the lack of uniformity in reporting has led to a consensus on the imaging criteria for diagnosing and response assessment in plasma cell dyscrasia. Therefore, it is imperative for not only the radiologists but also the treating

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… Limitations: Detection of osteolysis is possible only when 50%–75% of cancellous bone has been replaced, thus very poor sensitivity and very high false-negative numbers. The sensitivity is even lower for the axial skeleton. …

Challenges in the cultural adaptation of the German Myeloma Patient Outcome Scale (MyPOS): an outcome measure to support routine symptom assessment in myeloma care.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple myeloma report more problems with quality of life (QoL) than other haematological malignancies over the course of their incurable illness. The patient-centred Myeloma Patient Outcome Scale (MyPOS) was developed to assess and monitor symptoms and supportive care factors in routine care. Our aim was to translate and culturally adapt the outcome measure to the German context, and to explore its face and content validity. METHODS: Translation and cultural adaptation following established guidelines used an exploratory, sequential mixed method study design. Steps

COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients: A Review Article.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Adults with cancer are immunocompromised due to several causes including cancer itself and immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, cancer patients are more susceptible to develop COVID-19 infection. As COVID-19 vaccines became available, patients with cancer would benefit from receiving the vaccine. This article aims to review the recent evidences and recommendations about COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients.Current guidelines recommend that patients with cancer should have the priority to

Superiority of high-dose cytarabine-based mobilisation over cyclophosphamide or plerixafor in primary CNS lymphoma.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a key consolidative therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, the optimal regimen for mobilizing haematopoietic stem cells remains undefined in this population, leading to unpredictable failure rates and suboptimal cell yields. We retrospectively analysed data from 142 patients with histologically confirmed PCNSL who underwent stem-cell mobilisation before ASCT. Three mobilisation strategies were compared: high-dose cytarabine (HD-Ara-C)-based mobilisation (n = 64), plerixafor plus G-CSF (n =

Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people.

Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, a paralleled elevation in the rate of incident fragility fractures will be observed. This narrative review explores the origins of bone and considers physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis relevant to management and treatment. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, as well as osteosarcopenia are discussed followed by an overview of the commonly used pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in older people.

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… Kristensen HB Andersen TL Marcussen N Osteoblast recruitment routes in human cancellous bone remodeling Am J Pathol 2014 184 778 789 24412092 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.11.022 10. Katsimbri P Biology of normal bone remodelling Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017 10.1111/ecc.12740 28786518 11. …

Osteoprotective Roles of Green Tea Catechins.

Osteoporosis is the second most common disease only secondary to cardiovascular disease, with the risk of fracture increasing with age. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes. Osteoclastogenesis may be enhanced, osteoblastogenesis may be reduced, or both may be evident. Inflammation and high reactive oxygen enhance osteoclastogenesis while reducing osteoblastogenesis by inducing osteoblast apoptosis and suppressing osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Catechins, the main polyphenols found in green tea with potent anti-oxida

Fracture Risk of Long Bone Metastases: A Review of Current and New Decision-Making Tools for Prophylactic Surgery.

Long bone pathological fractures very much reflect bone metastases morbidity in many types of cancer. Bearing in mind that they not only compromise patient function but also survival, identifying impending fractures before the actual event is one of the main concerns for tumor boards. Indeed, timely prophylactic surgery has been demonstrated to increase patient quality of life as well as survival. However, early surgery for long bone metastases remains controversial as the current fracture risk assessment tools lack accuracy. This review first focuses on the gold standard Mirels rating system.

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… Apparent damage accumulation in cancellous bone using neural networks. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2011;4:868–878. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.002. 113. Forsberg J.A., Eberhardt J., Boland P.J., Wedin R., Healey J.H. …

Targeting the RANKL/RANK/OPG Axis for Cancer Therapy.

RANKL and RANK are expressed in different cell types and tissues throughout the body. They were originally described for their essential roles in bone remodeling and the immune system but have subsequently been shown to provide essential signals from regulating mammary gland homeostasis during pregnancy to modulating tumorigenesis. The success of RANKL/RANK research serves as a paragon for translational research from the laboratory to the bedside. The case in point has been the development of Denosumab, a RANKL-blocking monoclonal antibody which has already helped millions of patients sufferin

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… Sheddase-resistant RANKL mice have been generated, in which soluble RANKL is undetectable in the circulation ( 29 ); bone mass or bone structure was not affected during development in these mice, but adult mice displayed reduced osteoclast numbers and increased cancellous bone mass. …

Regorafenib Attenuates Osteoclasts Differentiation by Inhibiting the NF-κB, NFAT, ERK, and p38 Signaling Pathways.

Osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis and neoplastic bone metastases are caused by the excessive activation of osteoclasts. Inhibiting the excessive activation of osteoclasts is a crucial strategy for treating osteolytic diseases. This study investigated the roles and mechanisms of regorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on osteoclasts and osteolytic diseases. We first identified the potential targets and mechanisms of regorafenib on osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases using network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking techniques. Then, we verified its role and mechanism on o

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… The ROI was defined as an area of cancellous bone located 0.5 mm below and extending 1 mm in height from the growth plate. Histological Analysis The femurs were fixed in 4% PFA for more than 48 h. Subsequently, they were decalcified with EDTA for 4–6 weeks. …

Patient-reported outcome measures of the impact of cancer on patients' everyday lives: a systematic review.

PurposePatients with advanced disease are living longer and commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may miss relevant elements of the quality of extended survival. This systematic review examines the measures used to capture aspects of the quality of survival including impact on patients' everyday lives such as finances, work and family roles.MethodsSearches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO restricted to English language articles. Information on study characteristics, instruments and outcomes was systematically extracted and synthesised. A predefined set o

Mechanical suppression of osteolytic bone metastases in advanced breast cancer patients: a randomised controlled study protocol evaluating safety, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of exercise as a targeted medicine.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal metastases present a major challenge for clinicians, representing an advanced and typically incurable stage of cancer. Bone is also the most common location for metastatic breast carcinoma, with skeletal lesions identified in over 80% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Preclinical models have demonstrated the ability of mechanical stimulation to suppress tumour formation and promote skeletal preservation at bone sites with osteolytic lesions, generating modulatory interference of tumour-driven bone remodelling. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated anti-cancer e

Guidelines for the management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

The purpose of this document, a result of the harmonisation and revision of Guidelines published separately by the SIMFER, SIOMMMS/SIR, and SIOT associations, is to provide practical indications based on specific levels of evidence and various grades of recommendations, drawn from available literature, for the management of osteoporosis and for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of fragility fractures. These indications were discussed and formally approved by the delegates of the Italian Scientific Associations involved in the project (SIE, SIGG, SIMFER, SIMG, SIMI, SIOMMMS, SIR, and SIO

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… Jiang Y Zhao JJ Mitlak BH Wang O Genant HK Ericson EF Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1–34) [teriparatide] improves both cortical and cancellous bone structure J Bone Miner Res 2003 18 1932 1941 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.11.1932 14606504 94. …

Assessment of evidence from teeth and the alveolar bone of skulls.

A notable lack of agreement on a standardised criterion for representing changes in alveolar bone persists, which limits its application in forensic dentistry. This study aimed to describe the data on loss of tooth substance and alveolar bone in skulls. Dental and trabecular bone information from 28 skulls from the German Helmer skull collection was collected through dental charting, intraoral photographs taken with a DSLR camera (Nikon D5600, Nikon Corporation, Japan), and small radiographs obtained using a handheld dental X-ray device (Nomad Pro 2, Kavo Kerr, Biberach, Germany). Adobe Photos

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… Various factors can influence socket healing, and the cumulative effect of changes in the alveolar ridge includes local changes to the composition of the compact and cancellous bone, a reduction in local bone density and alteration to the height, width and three-dimensional morphology of the site 21 …

An Individualized Exercise Intervention for People with Multiple Myeloma-Study Protocol of a Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial.

People with multiple myeloma (MM) are second only to people with lung cancer for the poorest reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of all cancer types. Whether exercise can improve HRQoL in MM, where bone pain and lesions are common, requires investigation. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise intervention compared with control on HRQoL in people with MM. Following baseline testing, people with MM (n = 60) will be randomized to an exercise (EX) or waitlist control (WT) group. EX will complete 12-weeks of supervised (24 sessions) and unsupervised (12 sessions) indiv

Prehabilitation to improve function after autologous stem cell transplantation: A pilot randomized controlled trial (PIRATE).

PurposeExercise and nutrition interventions are not part of routine care for those undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT). We aimed to explore estimates of effect, safety and feasibility of multidisciplinary prehabilitation for improving physical capacity after autoSCT.MethodsThis single-blinded, parallel, two-armed pilot randomized trial included adults receiving autoSCT. Participants were randomized to twice-weekly, supervised, tailored exercise and fortnightly telephone-based nutrition education, for up to 8-weeks prior to autoSCT (n = 11) or usual care (n = 11). Blinded asses

Перепрофилированный активатор Nrf2 диметилфумарат спасает мышцы воспаление и фиброз в отягченной мышиной модели мышечной дистрофии Дученна.

В унаследованных нейромускульных болезнях мышечная дистрофия Дюченна (ДМД) глюкокортикоиды значительно медленнее прогрессируют, но в то же время создают достаточно серьезные побочные эффекты, исключающие применение в значительной части пациентов. Распространяя наши выводы о том, что в результате острого лечения с УЛХ были одобрены многочисленные склерозные препараты, диметилфумарат (ДМФ), спасающая мышечную патологию у молодых мышей Mdx, мы намеревались провести доклиническое тестирование на перевод. Чтобы усилить фенотип болезни у взрослых мышц mdx, у которых обычно нет эквивалентной человече

Identification of markers of prostate cancer progression using candidate gene expression.

BackgroundMetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) has no curative treatment options. Some forms of PCa are indolent and slow growing, while others metastasise quickly and may prove fatal within a very short time. The basis of this variable prognosis is poorly understood, despite considerable research. The aim of this study was to identify markers associated with the progression of PCa.MethodsArtificial neuronal network analysis combined with data from literature and previous work produced a panel of putative PCa progression markers, which were used in a transcriptomic analysis of 29 radical prostatec