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Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer.

Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniqu

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… . | Fresh Perilla leaves were extracted with 1% w/v citric acid at 90 °C for 30 min, then mixed with n-butanol, dried, and dissolved in water. …

Energy metabolism in health and diseases.

Energy metabolism is indispensable for sustaining physiological functions in living organisms and assumes a pivotal role across physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides an extensive overview of advancements in energy metabolism research, elucidating critical pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, along with their intricate regulatory mechanisms. The homeostatic balance of these processes is crucial; however, in pathological states such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, exten

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… Associated pathways consist of interconnected processes, such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and OXPHOS, which are tightly regulated by enzymes and metabolic intermediates. … Third, glycolysis and TCA cycle yield various metabolites that can participate in anabolic pathways for NADPH synthesis and the generation of vital constituents. 80 TCA cycle In 1937, an important study titled “The Significance of Citric Acid in Animal Tissue Intermediate Metabolism” initially presented …

Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapeutics via Triggering Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by 2-Arylbenzofuran.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a major global health challenge, with high mortality rates. This study investigated the anti-cancer activities of 30 monomers extracted from Morus alba L. (mulberry) against gastrointestinal cancers. Toxicological assessments revealed that most of the compounds, particularly immunotoxicity, exhibit some level of toxicity, but it is generally not life-threatening under normal conditions. Among these components, Sanggenol L, Sanggenon C, Kuwanon H, 3'-Geranyl-3-prenyl-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, Morusinol, Mulberrin, Moracin P, Kuwanon E, and Kuwanon A demonstrate

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… Subsequently, antigen retrieval was performed by treating the sections with an Antigen Unmasking Solution (Citric Acid Based, Vector laboratories, Newark, CA, USA, H-3300). Sections underwent a blocking process and were subsequently incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies. …

Целевые стратегии лечения рака цвета кожи: изучение использования аптемеров и золотых нанопчастей.

Рак цвета кожи (КЗК) является второй ведущей причиной смертности от рака и является причиной ~10% из всех случаев рака. По оценкам, во всем мире случаи, связанные с КПР 1.9 million и 930,000 смертями в 2022. Несмотря на расширение доступа к обследованиям и лечению в рамках КПР, ожидается, что показатели смертности резко возрастут в районах с низким уровнем ресурсов, что подчеркивает настоятельную необходимость принятия новаторских мер по лечению в рамках КПР. Текущая химиотерапия создает проблемы, такие, как плохая биодоступность, резистентность к многочисленным лекарствам и негативные побочны

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… The reducing agents include borohydride, oxalic acid, sodium citrate, and citric acid, while stabilizing agents include thiol-containing molecules, polymers and surfactants. Examples of chemical methods include the Turkevich, seeding, Brust–Schriffin, and electrochemical methods [ 85 ]. …

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent develop

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… Biocompatibility studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that endocytosis is the main mechanism of the intracellular transport of dextran- and citric acid-coated SPIONs. Additionally, SPIONs were found to inhibit the migration and induce apoptosis of HUVECs [ 60 ]. …

Contemporary Perspectives on Chronic Renal Disorders.

The prevalence of renal diseases and its associated burden on healthcare have tremendously risen in the past few years. From simple markers assessing kidney function, current renal research delves into understanding the diseases at the cellular and molecular levels and not just at treating, but at improving quality of life, arresting progression and providing personalized diagnostics and therapy. This narrative review highlights the improvements in diagnostic applications of kidney disease and briefly discusses a few notable biomarkers emphasizing the high throughput omics technologies, as wel

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… The uremic toxins include acylcarnitines, glycerolipids, dimethylarginines, metabolites of tryptophan, the citric acid cycle, and the urea cycle [ 90 ]. …

Nanogel-Based Precision Bone Regeneration: Rational Design, Biological Barrier Penetration, and Osteoporotic Microenvironment Remodeling.

The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is primarily associated with impaired communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to disrupted bone homeostasis. Conventional biomaterials mainly rely on macroscopic structural support and are limited in their ability to precisely regulate the complex bone microenvironment and overcome biological barriers. As representative soft matter nanoplatforms, nanogels possess unique viscoelastic mechanical properties and adaptive biointerfacial properties, offering new opportunities to overcome physical barriers within bone tissues. Moving beyond previous

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… Citric acid-modified pH-sensitive bone-targeted delivery of estrogen for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mater Today Bio . 2023;22:100747. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100747 70. Huang L, Wang X, Cao H, et al. …

Bortezomib treatment produces nocifensive behavior and changes in the expression of TRPV1, CGRP, and substance P in the rat DRG, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve.

To investigate neurochemical changes associated with bortezomib-induced painful peripheral neuropathy (PN), we examined the effects of a single-dose intravenous administration of bortezomib and a well-established "chronic" schedule in a rat model of bortezomib-induced PN. The TRPV1 channel and sensory neuropeptides CGRP and substance P (SP) were studied in L4-L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Behavioral measures, performed at the end of the chronic bortezomib treatment, confirmed a reduction of mechanical nociceptive threshold, whereas no difference occurred in the

Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far?

Curcumin has been credited with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension, infectious diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, obesity, and skin diseases. However, due to its weak solubility and bioavailability, it has limited potential as an oral medication. Numerous factors including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability at alkaline pH, and fast metabolism contri

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… acid, 54.53% dextrin, and 30% maltose | ( 133 ) curcumin forte | 95% curcumin plus 5% piperine | ( 86 ) curcuminoid turmeric matrix formulation | 50% Total curcuminoids (41.2% curcumin, 7.3% desmethoxycurcumin, 1.5% bisdemethoxycurcumin), 3% essential oil, 2% protein, 40% total carbohydrate | ( 138 … Tokyo, Japan) containing 0.27% citric acid, 10% Curcumin, 2% other curcuminoids, 54.53% dextrin, 3.2% gum ghatti, and 30% maltose enhanced biological antioxidant potential (BAP), GSH and CAT and suppressed derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites in healthy subjects with exercise-induced oxidative …

Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in

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… Significant differences in metabolites were found in dogs with melanoma, such as three amino acids (threonine, proline, and serine), citric acid, fatty acids, and glycerol. These results suggest that metabolism is increased in melanoma, as has been suggested for other neoplasms ( 196 , 197 ). …

Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) Doped with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IO), miR-21 and miR-124 Under Magnetic Field Conditions Modulates Osteoblast Viability, Reduces Inflammation and Inhibits the Growth of Osteoclast - A Novel Concept for Osteoporosis Treatment: Part 1.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis results in a severe decrease in the life quality of many people worldwide. The latest data shows that the number of osteoporotic fractures is becoming an increasing international health service problem. Therefore, a new kind of controllable treatment methods for osteoporotic fractures is extensively desired. For that reason, we have manufactured and evaluated nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp)-based composite co-doped with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles. The biomaterial was used as a matrix for the controlled delivery of miR-21-5p and miR-124-3p, which have a proven impact on bone

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… Afterwards, the water solutions of 1.0577 g (4.48 mmol) calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany >99%) and 0.1721 g (0.08 mmol) citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 , Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany, 99+%) were added. …

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: For Cancer Patients.

Therapeutic plasma exchange is used as a trial method for the treatment of cancer patients. Therapeutic plasma exchange uses in vitro technology to remove pathogenic factors in the plasma, returning the replacement and remaining components to the patient to facilitate cure. In the effort to explore new methods of cancer treatment, the introduction of therapeutic plasma exchange brings new hope for cancer treatment; however, the current evidence supporting therapeutic plasma exchange is controversial, and most of the evidence comes from observational studies, lacking large prospective randomize

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… When using sodium citrate, attention should be paid to monitoring the citric acid concentration to prevent citrate poisoning. At the same time, because citrate combines with calcium ions resulting in anticoagulant properties, the use of citrate can also cause hypocalcemia. …

Revisiting potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.

Since an outbreak started in China in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide epidemic with high contagiousness and caused mass mortalities of infected cases around the world. Currently, available treatments for COVID-19, including supportive care, respiratory support and antiviral therapy, have shown limited efficacy. Thus, more effective therapeutic modalities are highly warranted. Drug repurposing, as an efficient strategy to explore a potential broader scope of the application of approved drugs beyond their original indications, accelerates the process of d

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… Entry of glucose- and glutamine-derived carbons into the citric acid cycle supports early steps of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells. Nat Metab. 2019;1(7):717–730. doi: 10.1038/s42255-019-0084-1. 64. Daniels BP, Kofman SB, Smith JR, Norris GT, Snyder AG, Kolb JP, et al. …

Beyond Formulation: Contributions of Nanotechnology for Translation of Anticancer Natural Products into New Drugs.

Nature is the largest pharmacy in the world. Doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX) are two examples of natural-product-derived drugs employed as first-line treatment of various cancer types due to their broad mechanisms of action. These drugs are marketed as conventional and nanotechnology-based formulations, which is quite curious since the research and development (R&D) course of nanoformulations are even more expensive and prone to failure than the conventional ones. Nonetheless, nanosystems are cost-effective and represent both novel and safer dosage forms with fewer side effects due to m

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… The liposomes are composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol and are loaded by a citric acid gradient, which follows similar principles as those of Doxil ® , with vesicle size in the range of 150–250 nm [ 44 ]. Intravenous infusion and an initial dose of 60–75 mg/m 2 are employed. …

Platycodon grandiflorum, as a medicinal and food homologous plant: a comprehensive review of anti-tumor components, mechanisms, modern applications, and preventive healthcare.

Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. D C. (P. grandiflorum), as a medicinal and edible plant, is widely distributed in China. In terms of Chinese medical theories, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) believes that the root of P. grandiflorum has the functions of relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm, and draining pus, and is widely used in lung diseases and respiratory system disorders. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Platycodon grandiflorum saponin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids are the main active components of P. grandiflorum, which have significant antitus

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… . | G20130229 | Total flavonoids 96.0 mg/100 g Yuganzi Jiegeng syrup | Phyllanthus emblica , Platycodon grandiflorum ( P. grandiflorum ), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao), Exocarpium citri rubrum, Scrophularia ningpoensis (Xuansheng), Ophiopogon japonicus (Maidong), Sucrose, Citric acid, Water. | G20100396 …

Окисляющие молекулярные сигнатуры в неизлечимых заболеваниях: систематический обзор комплексных подходов к машинному обучению и системной биологии.

Окисляющий стресс является одним из основных факторов патогенеза иммунных заболеваний в результате его воздействия на клеточный метаболизм, митохондриальную функцию, иммунную сигнализацию и воспалительную травму тканей. Разрушение гомеостазиса способствует метаболическому перепрограммированию и постоянной активации врожденной и адаптивной иммунной реакции, что способствует прогрессированию заболеваний через многочисленные подстрекательские и аутоиммунные расстройства. Последние достижения в области высокопроизводительных молекулярных технологий привели к созданию крупномасштабных многомерных н

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… Lei et al. [ 95 ] | IBD | Urine metabolomics | RF, SVM | Xylose, L-fucose, citric acid | • Urinary metabolite panel differentiates UC and CD. • Dysregulation observed in glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolites. • ML models maintained accuracy across disease severity. …

Cold atmospheric plasma sensitizes head and neck cancer to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most prevalent cancer globally, often characterized by chemo-resistance and immunosuppression, which significantly hampers treatment efficacy. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has recently emerged as a promising adjuvant oncotherapy with substantial potential and advantages. In this study, Piezobrush® PZ2, a handheld CAP unit based on the piezoelectric direct discharge technology, was used to generate and deliver non-thermal plasma. We aimed to investigate the effects of CAPPZ2 on various types of HNC cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In addi

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… Subsequently, antigen repair was performed by treating the sections with pH 6.0 citric acid buffer in a microwave oven. …

Alternative Cancer Therapeutics: Unpatentable Compounds and Their Potential in Oncology.

Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally. Cancer patients often seek alternative therapies in addition to, or instead of, conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. The progress in medical advancements and early detection provides more treatment options; however, the development of cancer drugs requires a significant amount of time, demands substantial investments, and results in an overall low percent of regulatory approval. The complex relationship between patent protection and pharmaceutical innovation complicates cancer drug development and contributes to hi

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… DCA was shown to activate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), a critical enzyme complex in the mitochondrial matrix that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a step in cellular energy production, via the citric acid cycle. …

Carfilzomib: A Promising Proteasome Inhibitor for the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

The proteasome is crucial for the degradation of intracellular proteins and plays an important role in mediating a number of cell survival and progression events by controlling the levels of key regulatory proteins such as cyclins and caspases in both normal and tumor cells. However, compared to normal cells, cancer cells are more dependent on the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) due to the accumulation of proteins in response to uncontrolled gene transcription, allowing proteasome to become a potent therapeutic target for human cancers such as multiple myeloma (MM). Up to date, three protea

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… FDA approved Carfilzomib is used as a formulation (Kyprolis) which includes other chemical substances such as Sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin, Citric acid and Sodium Hydroxide for pH adjustments additionally to the active pharmaceutical ingredient Carfilzomib. …

Micronutrients in Oncological Intervention.

Nutritional supplements are widely used among patients with cancer who perceive them to be anticancer and antitoxicity agents. Depending on the type of malignancy and the gender 30%-90% of the cancer patients supplement their diets with antioxidant and immuno-stabilizing micronutrients, such as selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D, often without the knowledge of the treating physician. From the oncological viewpoint, there are justifiable concerns that dietary supplements decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies, however, have provided increasing evidence that

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… The cardioprotective effect of propionyl- l -carnitine should be greater than that of l -carnitine or acetyl l -carnitine, because of the intracellular conversion to succinyl coenzyme A (CoA) and subsequent stimulation of the citric acid cycle. In Germany, it is mainly l -carnitine that is used. …