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Immunomodulatory Nanosystems.

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome many obstacles facing the treatment method, such as inadequate immune stimulation, off-target side effects, and bioactivity loss of immune agents during circulation. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed nanomaterials with new structures, properties, and functions. This Review provi

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… Mannose is another commonly used targeting moiety for recognition of mannose receptor on DCs. 172 Chitosan nanoparticles conjugated by mannose (Man‐NPs) were developed for delivery of B16 melanoma tumor cell lysate. 38 After incubation with Man‐NPs, the bone marrow‐derived DCs manifested elevated expression … PLGA NPs coated by B16 melanoma cell membrane were decorated with mannose for targeted delivery of imiquimod. 37 After intradermal administration, the nanoparticles showed effective migration to draining LNs and stimulated intense immune responses. …

Targeting Notch-1 positive acute leukemia cells by novel fucose-bound liposomes carrying daunorubicin.

Complete remission by induction therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) can be achieved due to improvements in supportive and optimized therapy. However, more than 20% of patients will still need to undergo salvage therapy, and most will have a poor prognosis. Determining the specificity of drugs to leukemia cells is important since this will maximize the dose of chemotherapeutic agents that can be administered to AML patients. In turn, this would be expected to lead to reduced drug toxicity and its increased efficacy. We targeted Notch-1 positive AML cells utilizing fucose-bound liposomes

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… No adverse effects, including body weight changes, attributable to the administration of either D-mannose or F50-Liposome-daunorubicin were observed during this study (data not shown). … For D-mannose pre-treatment in all in vivo experiments, 5 mg of D-mannose was injected through a tail vein 5 min prior to the administration of agents as described previously [ 11 ]. …

Highlights lecture EANM 2016: "Embracing molecular imaging and multi-modal imaging: a smart move for nuclear medicine towards personalized medicine".

The 2016 EANM Congress took place in Barcelona, Spain, from 15 to 19 October under the leadership of Prof. Wim Oyen, chair of the EANM Scientific Committee. With more than 6,000 participants, this congress was the most important European event in nuclear medicine, bringing together a multidisciplinary community involved in the different fields of nuclear medicine. There were over 600 oral and 1,200 poster or e-Poster presentations with an overwhelming focus on development and application of imaging for personalized care, which is timely for the community. Beyond FDG PET, major highlights inclu

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… PET/MRI and rat brain atlas confirm the regional uptake of tracer Two tracers in cardiovascular disease targeting fatty acid metabolism and mannose receptor expression were also highlighted. … Varasteh et al. from Munich described the use of 111 In-tilmanocept for imaging the mannose receptor by SPECT/CT [ 18 ]. The authors demonstrated specific imaging of the mannose receptor in ApoE-KO mice. …

[Dynamics of eosinophil infiltration and microglia activation in brain tissues of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in eosinophil counts and the activation of microglial cells in the brain tissues of mice at different … γ receptor IIb (Fcgr2b) and CD86 antigen (Cd86), M2 microglia markers Arginase 1 (Arg1), macrophage mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1), chitinase-like 3 (Chil3), and phagocytosis genes myeloid cell triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), CD68 antigen (Cd68), and apolipoprotein E (Apoe) was quantified using real-time quantitative reverse tr …

Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients

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… TABLE 310-2 Rates of Infectious Complications in Cancer Patients —, data not reported; AL, acute leukemia; ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; AnLL, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; MBL, mannose-binding lectin. … For example, in nonleukemic patients receiving less intensive chemotherapy, decreased levels of mannose-binding protein were associated with an increased risk of infection (49.9 vs. 29.6/1000 days at risk, P = .01). …

Comparison of different sets of immunological tests to identify treatable immunodeficiencies in adult bronchiectasis patients.

BACKGROUND: The reported prevalence of immunodeficiencies in bronchiectasis patients is variable depending on the frequency and extent of immunological tests performed. European Respiratory Society guidelines recommend a minimum bundle of tests. Broadening the spectrum of immunological tests could increase the number of patients diagnosed with an immunodeficiency and those who could receive specific therapy. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the performance of different sets of immunological tests in diagnosing any, primary, secondary or treatable immunodeficiencies in a

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… Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphic variants predispose to the development of bronchopulmonary complications but have no influence on other clinical and laboratory symptoms or signs of common variable immunodeficiency. … Low serum mannose-binding lectin level is not associated with disease severity in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Innate Immun 2012; 18: 787–792. doi: 10.1177/1753425912440472 …

Metabolomic Profiling in the Characterization of Degenerative Bone and Joint Diseases.

Osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthropathies are a cause of significant morbidity globally. New research elucidating the metabolic derangements associated with a variety of bone and joint disorders implicates various local and systemic metabolites, which further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these destructive disease processes. In osteoarthritis, atty acid metabolism has been implicated in disease development, both locally and systemically. Several series of rheumatoid arthritis patients have demonstrated overlapping trends related to histidine and glyceric aci

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… Recently, high-mannose N-glycan species have also been associated with OA progression in humans and mice [ 15 ]. 2.1.2. … Alterations of high-mannose type N-glycosylation in human and mouse osteoarthritis cartilage Arthritis Rheum. 2011 63 3428 3438 10.1002/art.30584 21834068 16. Jonasdottir H.S. Brouwers H. Kwekkeboom J.C. van der Linden H.M.J. Huizinga T. Kloppenburg M. Toes R.E.M. Giera M. Ioan-Facsinay A. …

Applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials in Immunology: From Diagnostics to Immunotherapy.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, due to their unique ability to significantly enhance optical emission in aggregated states, have demonstrated vast potential in immunology, particularly in early disease diagnosis and immunotherapy. AIE materials can serve as highly efficient fluorescent probes for biomarker detection, providing critical insights for early diagnosis. Additionally, they can act as cancer vaccines, enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy through photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, or activation of immune cells. This review highlights the applications of

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… The research team led by Tang synthesized a novel therapeutic diagnostic probe, designated TPE-Man, which aims for specific recognition by conjugating mannose moieties with a red-light-emitting AIE active photosensitizer ( Figure C). … TPE-Man effectively targets the mannose receptors that are overexpressed on TAMs through mannose-receptor interactions, facilitating high-contrast fluorescence imaging of mannose receptor-positive TAMs. …

Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic primarily to low- and middle-income countries, for which there has been inadequate development of affordable, safe, and efficacious therapies. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from self-healing skin lesions to lethal visceral infection with chances of relapse. Although treatments are available, secondary effects limit their use outside the clinic and negatively impact the quality of life of patients in endemic areas. Other non-medicinal treatments, such as thermotherapies, are limited to use in patients with cutaneous leishman

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… Mannose and mannose-6-phosphate receptor-targeted drug delivery systems and their application in cancer therapy. Adv Healthc Mater . 2018;7(14):e1701398. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201701398 124. Pan Z, Kang X, Zeng Y, et al. … Mannose receptor high, M2 dermal macrophages mediate nonhealing Leishmania major infection in a Th1 immune environment. J Exp Med . 2018;215(1):357–375. doi: 10.1084/jem.20171389 142. Woelbing F, Kostka SL, Moelle K, et al. …

Role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common and most intensively studied chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Several cofactors, such as an impaired skin barrier function, modifications of the immune system, and a complex genetic background, direct the course of AD. Within this complex network, macrophages play a pivotal role in enhanced susceptibility to cutaneous infections and act as central connecting components in the pathogenesis of AD on the cellular level. In AD, macrophages are known to accumulate in acutely and chronically inflamed skin. During the early and short inflammatory ph

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… Human monocyte-derived DCs express mannose receptors (MRs), as was shown by in vitro studies, and these cells use the MR for efficient antigen uptake [ 21 ]. In peripheral tissues such as the skin, antigen uptake is an important feature of resident macrophages and immature DCs. … Mannose receptor-mediated uptake of antigens strongly enhances HLA class II-restricted antigen presentation by cultured dendritic cells. European Journal of Immunology. 1997;27(9):2426–2435. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830270942. 22. Sugaya M, Miyagaki T, Ohmatsu H, et al. …

Infections After High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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… Table 4.1 Risk factors for infection after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation MBL mannose-binding lectin, TLR Toll-like receptors, CMV cytomegalovirus a Most common disease-related immunosuppression include: hypogammaglobulinemia (multiple myeloma, low-grade … In a series of 113 autologous HSCT for multiple myeloma, patients homozygous for wild-type mannose-binding lectin (MBL) 2 were at lower risk to develop septicemia compared with patients carrying the variant MBL2 [ 2 ]. …

Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time?

Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into t

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… The macrophage mannose receptor (MMR; gene name: CD206) has been found to be overexpressed in these M2-like tumor-promoting TAMs [ 123 ]. … To achieve this goal, nanobodies have been developed to target markers expressed in arthritic joints, specifically the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), as discussed above [ 123 , 128 , 138 ]. …

Использование динамики моноцитов для лечения множественных склерозов; анализ результатов экспериментальных исследований моделей.

Моноциты играют центральную роль в реакции врожденной иммунной системы на инфекцию или травму. В мурине эти клетки подразделяются на отдельные подмножества: классические моноциты, определяемые повышенным выражением Ly6C (Ly6Chi), промежуточные моноциты (Ly6Cint) и неклассические подстрекательские моноциты, характеризующиеся низким выражением Ly6C (Ly6Clow). Моноциты, набираемые для производства тканей, проводят различие между макрофагами, которые могут быть провоспалительными или противовоспалительными, оказывая тем самым влияние на процессы и результаты заболеваний. Основной функцией классиче

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… Although MS lesions predominantly express M1 markers, a subset of macrophages also display M2-associated markers, such as the mannose receptor (MR) and CD163, particularly in perivascular and foamy macrophages within active lesions. … The investigation showed that the infection of T. crassiceps instigates the differentiation of Ly6C hi monocytes into PD-L2+ AAMs, which is manifested by expressing the alternative activation molecules such as the mannose receptor (MR; CD206) and programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2). …

Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision.

Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and ta

Editorial: The Role of Complement in Health and Disease.

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… The review by Ratajczak et al. focuses on an emerging role of mannose-binding lectin- (MBL)-dependent complement activation in the release of effector cells from bone marrow (BM) in response to tissue injury, pathogens, and pharmacological inducers of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). … Song et al. demonstrated that stimulation of C5aR1-expressing renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) with C5a results in elevated expression of mannose residues, depending on the ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulation of TNF-α production. …

SGLT2 Inhibitors: From Structure-Effect Relationship to Pharmacological Response.

SGLT2 inhibitors have become increasingly used due to their effectiveness in improving not only type 2 diabetes but also cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases, as well as the obesity found in metabolic syndrome. Starting from the structure of gliflozins, modifications of the carbohydrate part, aglycone, and also the glycosidic bond between them can determine variations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. SGLT2 inhibitors, in addition to reducing blood glucose levels, improve alterations in lipid metabolism by diverting excessively accumulated lipids in tissues towards mobil

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… In addition to 1,5-AG, SGLT5 can transport fructose and mannose, but the affinity for mannose is 3.5 times lower than that of 1,5-AG [ 44 , 46 ]. … Thus, SGLT5 is a preferential transporter of hexoses that do not exhibit an OH group at C1 and instead possess one at C2, with the same orientation as that of mannose [ 46 ]. …

Organic Nanoparticles in Progressing Cardiovascular Disease Treatment and Diagnosis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's most prominent cause of mortality, continue to be challenging conditions for patients, physicians, and researchers alike. CVDs comprise a wide range of illnesses affecting the heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through and between them. Advances in nanomedicine, a discipline focused on improving patient outcomes through revolutionary treatments, imaging agents, and ex vivo diagnostics, have created enthusiasm for overcoming limitations in CVDs' therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes. Nanomedicine can be involved in clinical purposes for CV

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… Both in vitro and in vivo, macrophages that had taken up PS-liposomes secreted high amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and they also upregulated the expression of the mannose receptor, CD206, while downregulating proinflammatory … Various macrophage-specific surface receptors, such as the mannose, folate, and scavenger receptors (SRs), can be affixed to micelles for efficient targeting. For instance, pH-responsive polymeric micelles with siRNA and mannose receptor-CD206 decoration were created by Yu et al. [ 95 ]. …

Nanomaterial-Driven Precision Immunomodulation: A New Paradigm in Therapeutic Interventions.

Immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field of research in the treatment of conditions such as cancer and autoimmunity. Nanomaterials can be designed for immune system manipulation, with precise targeted delivery and improved immunomodulatory efficacy. Here, we elaborate on various strategies using nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymers, and inorganic NPs, and discuss their detailed design intricacies, mechanisms, and applications, including the current regulatory issues. This type of nanomaterial design for targeting specific immune cells or tissues and controlling release kinetics could

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… In various disease models, targeted delivery of immunomodulators to M2 macrophages has been achieved using mesoporous silica NPs functionalized with mannose ligands. … Nanocarrier Type | Targeted Immune Cells | Surface Ligands/Antibodies/Peptides | Functional Outcome | Examples of Nanomaterial-Based Systems | References Liposomes | Dendritic Cells | Mannose Receptors | Enhanced Antigen Presentation | Liposomes loaded with tumor antigens and CD40 ligands | [ 67 , 68 …

Nanomedicine for cancer patient-centered care.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increase in incidence is estimated in the next future, due to population aging, which requires the development of highly tolerable and low-toxicity cancer treatment strategies. The use of nanotechnology to tailor treatments according to the genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor, and to allow its targeted release, can meet this need, improving the efficacy of treatment and minimizing side effects. Nanomedicine-based approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a rapidly evolving field. Se

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… case of the arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide, which binds to β2 integrins, such as α M β 2 (i.e., Mac‐1, CD11b/CD18) and α L β 2 , (i.e., lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1, CD11a/CD18) expressed on macrophages and DCs. 89 , 90 Nanoparticle conjugation with carbohydrate ligands, such as mannose … Mannose‐functionalized nanoparticles, which target mannose receptors (CD206) on DCs and macrophages, 91 are useful to enhance vaccine responses, or to deliver antigens to APCs. …

Glucocorticoids-based prodrug design: Current strategies and research progress.

Attributing to their broad pharmacological effects encompassing anti-inflammation, antitoxin, and immunosuppression, glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively utilized in the clinic for the treatment of diverse diseases such as lupus erythematosus, nephritis, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, keratitis, macular edema, and leukemia. However, long-term use often causes undesirable side effects, including metabolic disorders-induced Cushing's syndrome (buffalo back, full moon face, hyperglycemia, etc.), osteoporosis, aggravated infection, psychosis, glaucoma, and cataract. These notorious side e

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… Dex and mannose co-modified PEI prodrug (Dex-PEI-mannose) nanoparticles were constructed for the targeted treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) by specifically binding to mannose receptors on macrophages in Su's research [85] . … (C) Synthetic route of Dex-PEI-mannose. Reprinted with permission [85] , copyright 2021, Elsevier. (D) Schematic diagram of prednisolone-PVP prodrug modified nerve electrode. Reprinted with permission [87] , copyright 2010, American Chemical Society. …