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A review on in silico virtual screening methods in COVID-19 using anticancer drugs and other natural/chemical inhibitors.

The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic scenario has posed a difficulty for cancer treatment. Even under ideal conditions, malignancies like small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are challenging to treat because of their fast development and early metastases. The treatment of these patients must not be jeopardized, and they must be protected as much as possible from the continuous spread of the COVID-19 infection. Initially identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the contagious coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (S

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… In the study, ribavirin, penciclovir, favipiravir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, remdesivir, and chloroquine were found to be the most effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Hydroxychloroquine has been tested for its effectiveness in blocking virus infection in a number of clinical trials [ 27 ]. … Alternative applications are suggested for vitamin B12, nicotinamide, and the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ribavirin and telbivudine [ 20 ]. As an alternative therapy method for COVID-19, Hage-Melim suggests new possible Mpro inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in this study. …

Abstracts cont.

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Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Hematologic and Solid Malignancies: Global Approach

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… Therapeutic options include ganciclovir or foscarnet for CMV pneumonia and aerosolized ribavirin for RSV pneumonia either used alone or in combination with IV immunoglobulin (IVIg). …

The Health-Promoting Properties and Clinical Applications of Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Modified with Shiitake Mushroom Enzyme-A Narrative Review.

Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran hydrolyzed with Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme. It has been marketed as a functional food and a nutraceutical with health-promoting properties. Some research has demonstrated this rice bran derivative to be a potent immunomodulator, which also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic properties. To date, research on RBAC has predominantly focused on its immunomodulatory action and application as a complementary therapy for cancer. Nonetheless, the clinical applications of RBAC can extend beyond canc

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… In a non-inferiority clinical trial, two groups of hepatitis C patients were randomized to receive either RBAC (n = 16, 1 g/day) or the standard treatment (pegylated interferon plus ribavirin, n = 21) for three months [ 81 ]. … Hence, RBAC could be a viable alternative to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C with fewer side effects [ 81 ]. RBAC supplementation also benefits patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). …

Role of phytoconstituents in the management of COVID-19.

BackgroundCOVID-19, a severe global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as one of the most threatening transmissible disease. As a great threat to global public health, the development of treatment options has become vital, and a rush to find a cure has mobilized researchers globally from all areas.Scope and approachThis review focuses on deciphering the potential of different secondary metabolites from medicinal plants as therapeutic options either as inhibitors of therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2 or as blockers of viral particles entry

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… Under clinical trials [ 73 ] Umifenovir Antiviral Membrane fusion, clathrin-mediated endocytosis Under phase 4 of clinical trials [ 73 ] Favipiravir Antiviral RdRp Inconsistent results in clinical trials [ 73 ] Lopinavir Protease inhibitor 3clpro, plpro Inconsistent results in clinical trials [ 63 ] Ribavirin … Plants like Euphorbia spindens and Bombax malabaricium were tested for anti-HSV and anti-RSV respectively and were effective like ribavirin (antiviral) synthetic drugs [ 129 ]. …

Managing patients with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from an expert panel - ABHH monoclonal gammopathies committe.

Since the World has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention has been taken concerning cancer patients; related to their immunosuppression status, adding risk for more aggressive COVID-19 and mortality, but also concerns about the access and the quality of care in cancer therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the number of infected, its related mortality, as well as the care of cancer patients. Multiple myeloma patients are a particular group with several important aspects to be considered during pandemic times. In essence, they are immunosuppressed in different intensities during

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… There are many ongoing trials, including agents with different targets, namely the blocking of the SARS-CoV 2 from the entry host cell (arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxichloroquine), the production of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and virus replication (lopinavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir), as well as …

Renal Involvement in Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: Current Perspectives.

Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal proteins (cryoglobulins) in the blood that precipitate at low temperatures. It presents with a wide clinical spectrum, from mild symptoms to severe, life-threatening disease. In mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), vascular damage results from immune complexes-typically monoclonal IgM with rheumatoid factor activity and polyclonal IgG (Type II), or polyclonal/oligoclonal IgM and IgG (Type III). These complexes can obstruct small blood vessels, leading to ischemia and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Renal involvement occurs in a

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… Rituximab plus Peg-interferon-α/ribavirin compared with Peg-interferon-α/ribavirin in hepatitis C–related mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2010;116:326–334. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-248518. 81. …

Comorbidities and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with hematological malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

IntroductionThe global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It seems that there is an association between blood cancer and an increased risk of severe COVID-19. This study aimed to review the literature reporting the COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies.Material and methodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, blood cancer, myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. All the

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… cough, dyspnea | Increased: WBC, CRP, LDH, indirect bilirubin Decreased: Hb, PLT | EBV, AIHA | Discharged Ibrahim 40 | Saudi Arabia | Sep 2020 | Case report | 1 | 57 | M | CML | Imatinib | 10y | RT‐PCR, CT scans | Paracetamol and antitussive‐ HCQ, AZ, CRO, enoxaparin, oxygen support, mPDRL, LPV/r, ribavirin … | 14 Tocilizumab | 245/1286 (19.05%) | 13 Ampicillin | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Cefoperazone | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Ceftazidime | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Ciclesonide | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Darunavir‐cobicistat | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Kaletra | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Pentaglobin | 2/12 (16.67%) | 1 RBC transfusion | 1/6 (16.67%) | 2 Ribavirin …

Liposomes for the Treatment of Brain Cancer-A Review.

Due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and surface-conjugation capabilities, liposomes are effective nanocarriers that can encapsulate chemotherapeutic drugs and facilitate targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, strategies have been explored to synthesize liposomes that respond to internal and/or external stimuli to release their payload controllably. Although research into liposomes for brain cancer treatment is still in its infancy, these systems have great potential to fundamentally change the drug delivery landscape. This review paper attempts to consol

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… Transcytosis | Transferrin (Tf) | -PEGylated liposomes covalently bonded to poly-L-arginine peptide were administered to rats in vivo -β-galactosidase activity was reported to be two-fold higher than the control | [ 60 ] Tripeptide glutathione (GSH) | -In vivo study conducted of the administration of ribavirin … GSH-PEG liposomes at 50 mg/kg ribavirin -Three-fold increase in ribavirin concentration in the brain in mice treated with GSH-PEG liposomes compared to control | [ 64 ] Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) | -The study involved in vivo intravenous administration of melanotransferrin (P94) -P94 was …

[Hepatitis C, interferon a and depression: main physiopathologic hypothesis].

UNLABELLED: Imputability of thymic disorders caused by IFNalpha during the chronic Hepatitis C treatment -- hepatitis C and depression -- th … eneity of the population of patients accepted in therapeutic protocols. Note that the adjunction of ribavirine to IFNalpha in therapeutic protocols has not brought any changes in the depression frequency. The causal relationship between IFNalpha administration and the occurrence of mood disorders has been tackled by various recent research works focusing on …

Burden of Seasonal Human Coronavirus Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients.

BackgroundCommunity respiratory viruses, such as seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV), commonly infect hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Recognizing the risk factors and outcomes of HCoV infections in HCT recipients is essential for the future development of potentially lifesaving therapeutics.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all HCoV-infected HCT recipients from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017, at our institution. Patients were classified with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) or lower respiratory infection (LRI) based on predefined definitions for respirato

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… C., Calabuig M., et al., “A Risk‐Adapted Approach to Treating Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Parainfluenza Virus in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients With Oral Ribavirin Therapy: A Pilot Study,” Transplant Infectious Disease 19 (2017): e12729. 13. …

A Case of Light Chain Deposition Disease Leading to Acute Liver Failure and Review of Literature.

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease characterized by light chain deposition in soft tissues and viscera, causing systemic organ dysfunction with an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. While the kidney is the most affected organ, cardiac and hepatic involvement is also seen with LCDD. Hepatic manifestation can range from mild hepatic injury to fulminant liver failure. Herein, we are presenting a case of an 83-year-old woman with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), who presented to our institution with acute liver

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… Complete recovery in 6 months | Unknown | Congo red and PAS negative, eosinophilic deposits; kappa LC predominant on IF Kwon JH et al. [ 12 ] | 2011 | 62 | M | Mongolian | Generalized edema, hepatomegaly | 0.4 mg/dL | 2 g/dL | 76 | 53 | 276 | Unknown | 1.7 mg/dL | Unknown | Yes | Unknown | Peg-IFN + ribavirin …

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Synergistic Defects of AP3B1 and ATM Genes: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an overwhelming immune system activation that manifests as hyperinflammation and life-threatening multiple organ failure. However, the clinical manifestations of the systemic inflammatory response in sepsis and fulminant cytokine storm caused by HLH macrophage activation are very similar and difficult to distinguish. HLH triggered by two novel gene defects manifesting with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and distributive shock has not been reported. A 14-year-old male patient was hospitalized with a high fever, his condition deteriorated rapid

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… Based on the clinical experience, prophylactic treatments were initiated with antibiotics such as linezolid and carbapenem for anti-bacteria, ribavirin for antiviruses, voriconazole for anti-fungi, and sulfamethoxazole for anti-pneumocystis carinii infection. …

Pneumonia in Transplant Recipients: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis and Management.

Transplant recipients have an increased risk of complications, including graft dysfunction and infections, which can be life-threatening if not recognized early. Pneumonia ranks as one of the most frequent complications in both solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Clinical symptoms manifest late during infections in immunocompromised patients. An aggressive approach centered on early confirmatory diagnosis and a low threshold for empiric therapy is often the most effective strategy. The isolation of a pathogen in an upper airway sample does not necessarily mean the same organis

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… Oral or inhaled ribavirin has been suggested for respiratory syncytial virus infections; however, the evidence supporting its efficacy is limited [ 104 ]. Paxlovid has received approval for high-risk patients diagnosed with COVID-19. … Oral versus aerosolized ribavirin for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Foolad F, Aitken SL, Shigle TL, Prayag A, Ghantoji S, Ariza-Heredia E, Chemaly RF. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68:1641–1649. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy760. 105. …

Potential Molecular Targeted Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers, representing a serious worldwide health concern. The recurrence incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following surgery or ablation is as high as 70%. Thus, the clinical applicability of standard surgery and other locoregional therapy to improve the outcomes of advanced HCC is restricted and far from ideal. The registered trials did not identify a treatment that prolonged recurrence-free survival, the primary outcome of the majority of research. Several investigator-initiated trials have demonstrated that var

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… Study Design | Clinical Trila.Gov Identifier | Phase/Type | Primary End Point | Secondary End Point | Study Status Galunisertib + Nivolumab | NCT02423343 | I/II | MTD | PK/Cmin/PFS/CR/TTR/OS | Completed Huaier Granule | NCT01770431 | IV | IRMAH | PSP | Completed Sofosbuvir + Ribavirin | NCT01559844 | … | Completed Licartin | NCT00819650 | II | - | - | Completed Epirubicin and lipiodol | NCT00820053 | II | - | - | Completed Ethiodised oil | NCT00870558 | III | - | - | Completed Bortezomib | NCT00077441 | II | - | - | Completed Gefitinib | NCT00071994 | II | - | - | Completed Interferon-alfa-2b and Ribavirin …

Pleuropulmonary Changes Induced by Drugs in Patients with Hematologic Diseases

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COVID-19 and Cancer Comorbidity: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the respiratory system of infected individuals. COVID-19 spreads between humans through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The COVID-19 outbreak originated in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. As of 29 Sept 2020, over 235 countries, areas or territories across the globe reported a total of 33,441,919 confirmed cases, and 1,003,497 confirmed deaths due to COVID-19. Individuals of all ages are at risk for infec

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… However, the combination of lopinavir-ritonavir with interferon-beta-1b and the anti-viral drug ribavirin significantly diminished SARS-CoV-2 load and the reduced median time from start of the study treatment to negative nasopharyngeal swab from 12 days to 7 days compared to lopinavir-ritonavir treatment … infected cancer patients, 20 patients (71.4%) were prescribed at least one antiviral agent, including arbidol (n=14, 200 mg orally, three times a day), lopinavir and ritonavir combination (n=10, 400 mg and 100 mg orally, twice a day), ganciclovir (n=9, 500 mg, intravenous [i.v] drip, twice a day), and ribavirin …

Drug Combinations as a First Line of Defense against Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Viruses.

The world was unprepared for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and remains ill-equipped for future pandemics. While unprecedented strides have been made developing vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, there remains a need for highly effective and widely available regimens for ambulatory use for novel coronaviruses and other viral pathogens. We posit that a priority is to develop pan-family drug cocktails to enhance potency, limit toxicity, and avoid drug resistance. We urge cocktail development for all viruses with pandemic potential both in the short term (<1 to 2 years) and longer term wi

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… Efficacy and safety results of patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection treated with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin (QUARTZ II-III). J Viral Hepat 25:118–125. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12782. 52. … Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet 395:1695–1704. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31042-4. 110. …

Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease.

Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically altered and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive mediator release by MC

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… Frenkel et al. 2015 Own unpublished experiences Methylene blue Guanylyl cyclase inhibitor Anaphylaxis treatment Rodrigues et al. 2007 Evora and Simon 2007 R Pimecrolimus Calcineurin inhibitor X Cutaneous symptoms; (mice) Ma et al. 2010 Correia et al. 2010 Everolimus mTOR no effect Parikh et al. 2010 Ribavirin … experiences Methylene blue | Guanylyl cyclase inhibitor | | | Anaphylaxis treatment | Rodrigues et al. 2007 Evora and Simon 2007 R Pimecrolimus | Calcineurin inhibitor | X | | Cutaneous symptoms; (mice) | Ma et al. 2010 Correia et al. 2010 Everolimus | mTOR | | | no effect | Parikh et al. 2010 Ribavirin …

Decoy cells detected in the urine of a patient with complex karyotype Myelodysplastic neoplasms who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Currently, few literature reports document cases of decoy cells in the urine of umbilical cord blood transplant patients. The majority of the literature indicates that decoy cells are frequently identified in the urine of kidney transplant recipients. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes a patient with Myelodysplastic Neoplasms featuring a complex karyotype who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation. Postoperative urinary cytology revealed decoy cells, and subsequent BK virus nucleic acid testing was positive. However, the routine use of antiviral drugs by the phy

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… On day 41 post-transplant, recurrent positive tests for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) indicated a need for Ribavirin, prompting a switch to oral Lopinavir 1.5 tid. …