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Co-Encapsulation of Multiple Antineoplastic Agents in Liposomes by Exploring Microfluidics.

The inherent complexity of cancer proliferation and malignancy cannot be addressed by the conventional approach of relying on high doses of a single powerful anticancer agent, which is associated with poor efficacy, higher toxicity, and the development of drug resistance. Multiple drug therapy (MDT) rationally designed to target tumor heterogeneity, block alternative survival pathways, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and reduce toxicities would be a viable solution against cancer. Liposomes are the most suitable carrier for anticancer MDT due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophil

Repurposing of nervous system drugs for cancer treatment: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives.

The nervous system plays a critical role in developmental biology and oncology, influencing processes from ontogeny to the complex dynamics of cancer progression. Interactions between the nervous system and cancer significantly affect oncogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, treatment resistance, inflammation that promotes tumors, and the immune response. A comprehensive understanding of the signal transduction pathways involved in cancer biology is essential for devising effective anti-cancer strategies and overcoming resistance to existing therapies. Recent advances in cancer neurosc

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… Contributor Information Qi Wang, Email: 18851901709@163.com. Yudong Wang, Email: wangyudong@shsmu.edu.cn. References 1. Yang X, et al. Pathophysiologic role of neurotransmitters in digestive diseases. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 567650. 10.3389/fphys.2021.567650. 2. …

Constructing the cure: engineering the next wave of antibody and cellular immune therapies.

Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by mobilizing the immune system to eliminate tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors and T cell therapies have mediated durable responses in hematologic malignancies and select solid tumors, most patients still relapse or fail to respond. To overcome these limitations, novel, next-generation immune constructs, including bispecific-cell therapy combinations, armored cells, tethered cytokines, immune-stimulatory antibody conjugates, and in vivo gene editing, are being developed to enhance specificity, persistence, and immune activation. T

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… H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas Nature New Biol 2022 603 934 41 10.1038/s41586-022-04489-4 PMC8967714 35130560 123 Brown CE Alizadeh D Starr R et al Regression of glioblastoma after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy N Engl J Med 2016 375 2561 9 10.1056/NEJMoa1610497 28029927 PMC5390684 124 Qi …

Current and Emerging Therapies for Targeting the ERK1/2 & PI3K Pathways in Cancer.

The ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways play important roles in cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. In cancer, these pathways are frequently dysregulated and overactivated, resulting in poor patient prognosis and resistance to treatment. These pathways are activated by receptor tyrosine kinases and send downstream signals to effectors such as RAS, RAF, MEK, AKT, and mTOR. In this review, we highlight the key components of the ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways, the roles they play in tumor progression, and the development of inhibitors and combination therapies designed to

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… Zhang M., Bai Y., Xu C., Qi Y., Meng J., Zhang W., Su H., Yan W. …

Novel therapeutic strategies targeting resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies: from BCL2 inhibition to immunomodulatory approaches.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM), are characterized by high relapse rates due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Resistance mechanisms often involve dysregulation of apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family overexpression, and immune evasion through microenvironment modulation. PURPOSE: This review synthesizes recent advances (2020-2025) in therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms, focusing on BCL2 inhibition and immunomodul

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… Blood 138 (3), 234–245. 10.1182/blood.2020009081 Li M., Yu H., Qi F., Ye Y., Hu D., Cao J., et al. (2022). Anti-CD47 immunotherapy in combination with BCL-2 inhibitor to enhance anti-tumor activity in B-cell lymphoma. Hematol. Oncol. 40 (4), 596–608. 10.1002/hon.3009 Li W. …

B cell lineage reconstitution underlies CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis.

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed in plasmablasts and plasma cells, could serve as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We reported here chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting BCMA in two patients with highly relapsed and refractory myasthenia gravis (one with AChR-IgG, and one with MuSk-IgG). Both patients exhibited favorable safety profiles and persistent clinical improvements over 18 months. Reconstitution of B-cell lineages with sustained reduced pathogenic autoantibodies might underlie the therapeutic efficacy. To identify the possible mechanisms un

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… Luo-Qi Zhou : Investigation; Project administration. Wen Wang : Supervision; Funding acquisition; Writing—review and editing. Song-Bai Cai : Supervision; Funding acquisition; Writing—review and editing. Yun-Fan You : Investigation; Project administration. …

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Approvals of Biological Drugs in 2023.

An increase in total drug (small molecules and biologics) approvals by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was seen in 2023 compared with the previous year. Cancer remained the disease most targeted by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), followed by autoimmune conditions. Our data reveal the prevalence of approvals for biologics even during years when the total number of authorizations was low, such as in 2022. Over half the drugs that received the green light in 2023 benefited from expedited programs, as the incidence of many diseases increased. In addition, over half of the biologics approved r

Palliative prognostic scores for survival prediction of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The palliative prognostic score is the most widely validated prognostic tool for cancer survival prediction, with modified versions available. A systematic evaluation of palliative prognostic score tools is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance and prognostic utility of palliative prognostic score, delirium-palliative prognostic score, and palliative prognostic score without clinician prediction in predicting 30-day survival of cancer patients and to compare their performance. METHODS: Six databases were searched for peer-reviewed stud

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… Author contributions Si Qi Yoong, BSN (Honors) (Conceptualization; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Visualization; Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing), Priyanka Bhowmik, MBBS (Formal analysis; Investigation; Writing—review & editing), Sreerag Kapparath, MBBS (Investigation) …

Stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer: A microRNA-nanocomposite approach.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality. The lifetime risk of developing CRC is about 5% in adult males and females. CRC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and at this point therapy has a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival. Novel and/or improved CRC therapeutic options are needed. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development has been reported, and their regulation in many oncogenic pathways suggests their potent tumor suppressor action. Although miRNAs provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer, challenges such as

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… Qi P., Xu M.-D., Shen X.-H., et al. Reciprocal repression between TUSC7 and miR-23b in gastric cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 2015;137:1269–1278. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29516. 29. Chen L., Zhang K., Shi Z., et al. …

Acute myeloid leukemia: from NGS, through scRNA-seq, to CAR-T. dissect cancer heterogeneity and tailor the treatment.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer with marked cellular heterogeneity due to altered maturation and differentiation of myeloid blasts, the possible causes of which are transcriptional or epigenetic alterations, impaired apoptosis, and excessive cell proliferation. This neoplasm has a high rate of resistance to anticancer therapies and thus a high risk of relapse and mortality because of both the biological diversity of the patient and intratumoral heterogeneity due to the acquisition of new somatic changes. For more than 40 years, the old gold standard "one size fits all"

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… Qi J, et al. Selective inhibition of Aurora A and B kinases effectively induces cell cycle arrest in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;117:109113. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109113. 97. Renner AG, et al. …

Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in cancer patients with different ethnicities.

BackgroundChoosing the most effective chemotherapeutic agent with safest side effect profile is a common challenge in cancer treatment. Although there are standardized chemotherapy protocols in place, protocol changes made after extensive clinical trials demonstrate significant improvement in the efficacy and tolerability of certain drugs. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerance of anti-cancer medications are all highly individualized. A driving force behind these differences lies within a person's genetic makeup.Recent findingsPharmacogenomics, the study of how an individual's g

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… Cheng HC, Qi RZ, Paudel H, Zhu HJ. Regulation and function of protein kinases and phosphatases. Enzyme Res. 2011;2011:794089. 115. Quinn DI, Ng CF, Grande E, et al. …

Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation?

Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to

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… Lu Y., Fan C., Li P., Lu Y., Chang X., Qi K. Short Chain Fatty Acids Prevent High-fat-diet-induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating G Protein-coupled Receptors and Gut Microbiota. Sci. Rep. 2016;6:37589. doi: 10.1038/srep37589. 146. …

Malignant mesothelioma tumours: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies accompanying clinical studies.

The pathetic malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a extremely uncommon and confrontational tumor that evolves in the mesothelium layer of the pleural cavities (inner lining- visceral pleura and outer lining- parietal pleura), peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis and is highly resistant to standard treatments. In mesothelioma, the predominant pattern of lesions is a loss of genes that limit tumour growth. Despite the worldwide ban on the manufacture and supply of asbestos, the prevalence of mesothelioma continues to increase. Mesothelioma presents and behaves in a variety of ways, making dia

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… Sun S, Qi W, Rehrauer H, Ronner M, Meiller C, Stahel R, et al. Viral mimicry response is associated with clinical outcome in pleural mesothelioma. JTO Clin Res Rep (2022) 3:100430. doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100430 22. Santos C, dos Anjos Dixe M, Sacadura-Leite E, Astoul P, Sousa-Uva A. …

Vaccination of Immunocompromised Cats.

Immunocompromise is a common condition in cats, especially due to widespread infections with immunosuppressive viruses, such as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), but also due to chronic non-infectious diseases, such as tumours, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, as well as treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, such as glucocorticoids, cyclosporins, or tumour chemotherapy. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from eleven European countries, discusses

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… Azuma E., Nagai M., Qi J., Umemoto M., Hirayama M., Kumamoto T., Hiratake S., Komada Y., Sakurai M. CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in long-term survivors following intensive chemotherapy in childhood cancers. Med. Pediatr. …

Calcium-Permeable Channels Cooperation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Opportunities.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that results from the deposition of antibodies-autoantigens in the joints, leading to long-lasting inflammation. The main features of RA include cartilage damage, synovial invasion and flare-ups of intra-articular inflammation, and these pathological processes significantly reduce patients' quality of life. To date, there is still no drug target that can act in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the search for novel drug targets has become urgent. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, calcium ions play an important role in all cellula

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… Qi C. Li X. Mangiferin exert protective effects on joints of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats by regulating the MAPKs/NF-kappaB pathway of fibroblast-like synoviocytes Int. Immunopharmacol. 2021 101 108352 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108352 34836794 43. Wang W. Deng Z. Liu G. Yang J. Zhou W. Zhang C. …

Opportunities and Challenges of Small Molecule Induced Targeted Protein Degradation.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) represents a new type of small molecule induced protein degradation technology that has emerged in recent years. PROTAC uses bifunctional small molecules to induce ubiquitination of target proteins and utilizes intracellular proteasomes for chemical knockdown. It complements the gene editing and RNA interference for protein knockdown. Compared with small molecule inhibitors, PROTAC has shown great advantages in overcoming tumor resistance, affecting the non-enzymatic function of target proteins, degrading undruggable targets, and providing new rapid and

Selenium Compounds as Novel Potential Anticancer Agents.

The high number of new cancer incidences and the associated mortality continue to be alarming, leading to the search for new therapies that would be more effective and less burdensome for patients. As there is evidence that Se compounds can have chemopreventive activity, studies have begun to establish whether these compounds can also affect already existing cancers. This review aims to discuss the different classes of Se-containing compounds, both organic and inorganic, natural and synthetic, and the mechanisms and molecular targets of their anticancer activity. The chemical classes discussed

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… Qi Y., Fu X., Xiong Z., Zhang H., Hill S.M., Rowan B.G., Dong Y. Methylseleninic acid enhances paclitaxel efficacy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e31539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031539. 79. Liu Y., Li W., Guo M., Li C., Qiu C. …

Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemia in the Lymphoid Lineage-Similarities and Differences with the Myeloid Lineage and Specific Vulnerabilities.

Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) results from a translocation between the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 9 and ABL proto-oncogene 1 (ABL1) gene on chromosome 22. The fusion gene, BCR-ABL1, is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase which promotes development of leukemia. Depending on the breakpoint site within the BCR gene, different isoforms of BCR-ABL1 exist, with p210 and p190 being the most prevalent. P210 isoform is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), while p190 isoform is expressed in majority of Ph-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL) case

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… Qi L. Martinelli G. Dissecting the role of aberrant DNA methylation in human leukaemia Nat. Commun. 2015 6 7091 10.1038/ncomms8091 25997600 PMC4443494 44. Heller G. Topakian T. Altenberger C. Cerny-Reiterer S. Herndlhofer S. Ziegler B. Datlinger P. Byrgazov K. Bock C. Mannhalter C. …

Systematic literature review of IL-6 as a biomarker or treatment target in patients with gastric, bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is a major health problem. Patients with gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, bile duct and gall bladder cancer often have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and are generally difficult to cure, resulting in a dismal prognosis for most patients. Inflammation plays an important role in the development and growth of cancer, which has led to a growing interest in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). The aim of the present review was to evaluate the clinical use of IL-6 as a biomarker or therapeutic target in patients with GI cancer. We did a systemat

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… Fizazi K, De Bono JS, Flechon A, Heidenreich A, Voog E, Davis NB, Qi M, Bandekar R, Vermeulen JT, Cornfeld M, Hudes GR. …

Targeted therapies in pediatric oncology: A start.

The treatment of cancers was revolutionized by the use of combination "conventional" chemotherapy, first in children, during the 20th century. That foundation of therapy, while having achieved significant advances in survival, has reached its limits. Innovations in targeted therapies are now building upon that foundation to further improve outcomes in pediatric oncology. These targeted agents are designed to narrowly utilize specific biologic processes for greater efficacy and optimally fewer generalized toxicities. I will provide an overview of the current spectrum of targeted therapies avail