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Salvage therapy of multiple myeloma: the new generation drugs.

During the past decade, overall results of treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) have been improved and survival curves are now significantly better with respect to those obtained with historical treatment. These improvements are linked to a deeper knowledge of the biology of disease and to the introduction in clinical practice of drugs with different mechanism of action such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). However, MM remains in most cases an incurable disease. For patients who relapse after treatment with novel agents, the prognosis is dismal and new drugs and thera

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… Bendamustine is a nitrogen mustard with both purine analogue and alkylating cytotoxic effects for its unique chemical structure: a 2-chloroethylamine alkylating group (like melphalan and cyclophosphamide), a benzimidazole ring, and a butyric acid side chain (like in chlorambucil) [ 25 ]. …

Pharmacological Strategies for Mitigating Cytarabine-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity: A Scoping Review on Mechanisms, Efficacy and Clinical Implications.

BACKGROUND: Cytarabine (Ara-C) remains the cornerstone of remission-induction and consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related hematological malignancies. Despite more than six decades of clinical use, its multi-organ toxicity continues to be managed almost exclusively through dose attenuation and supportive care, with no approved upstream pharmacological prevention strategy available. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to systematically map the breadth and nature of pharmacological agents tested in vivo for their capacity to mitigate cytarabine-induced multi-org

Навигатор биомаркеров человека.

Биомаркеры играют ключевую роль в современных исследованиях медицины, особенно в ранней диагностике заболеваний и персонализированном лечении. Несмотря на то, что предыдущие исследования систематически обзоры маркеров в различных областях заболеваний, интегрированная система, которая связывает основные физиологические системы, охватывает множество органов и охватывает широкий спектр заболеваний, все еще отсутствует. В контексте современных вызовов здоровья, характеризующихся высокой распространенностью хронических заболеваний и широкими сопутствующими заболеваниями, создание панорамной системы

CAR-T cell therapy-related cytokine release syndrome and therapeutic response is modulated by the gut microbiome in hematologic malignancies.

Immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds promise for hematologic malignancies, however, response rates and associated immune-related adverse effects widely vary among patients. Here we show, by comparing diversity and composition of the gut microbiome during different CAR-T therapeutic phases in the clinical trial ChiCTR1800017404, that the gut flora characteristically differs among patients and according to treatment stages, and might also reflect patient response to therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM; n = 43), acute lympholastic leukemia

Pectin: A Bioactive Food Polysaccharide with Cancer Preventive Potential.

Pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide found in the cell walls and the primary and middle lamella of land plants. To be authorized as a food additive, industrial pectins must meet strict guidelines set forth by the Food and Agricultural Organization and must contain at least 65% polygalacturonic acid to achieve the E440 level. Fruit pectin derived from oranges or apples is commonly used in the food industry to gel or thicken foods and to stabilize acid-based milk beverages. It is a naturally occurring component and can be ingested by dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables. Preventing lo

Potential of gamma/delta T cells for solid tumor immunotherapy.

Gamma/delta T (γδ T)cells possess a unique mechanism for killing tumors, making them highly promising and distinguished among various cell therapies for tumor treatment. This review focuses on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent recognition of antigens and the interaction between γδ T cells and solid tumor cells. A comprehensive review is provided regarding the classification of human gamma-delta T cell subtypes, the characteristics and mechanisms underlying their functions, as well as their r545egulatory effects on tumor cells. The involvement of γδ T cells in tumorigenesis

Oral formulation of bendamustine hydrochloride for patients with advanced solid tumors; a phase 1 study.

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of orally-administered bendamustine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. The optimal dosing schedule, safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor effects were also evaluated. A multicenter, open-label trial with a standard 3 + 3 design and dose escalation by dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was conducted. The treatment schedules were once daily for 7, 14, and 21 days every 3 weeks as one cycle. The total dose per cycle was increased from 175 to 840 mg/m2. Eighteen patients were enrolled in this study. DLT o

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… Bendamustine hydrochloride (bendamustine) is a less toxic alkylating agent composed of three structures: a nitrogen mustard skeleton, benzimidazole ring, and butyric acid side chain. It was first synthesized in the German Democratic Republic in 1963 [ 1 ]. …

Managing emotional and physical stress in sickle cell anemia: a review of effective strategies and approaches.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by recurrent pain episodes, chronic complications, and significant emotional and physical stress. This review article explores effective strategies for managing both the emotional and physical aspects of stress in SCA patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "sickle cell anemia", "stress management", "psychological support", and "pain management". Emotional stress in SCA arises from chronic pain, frequent hospitaliza

Panobinostat-loaded folate targeted liposomes as a promising drug delivery system for treatment of canine B-cell lymphoma.

IntroductionCancer is a major public health problem with over 19 million cases reported in 2020. Similarly to humans, dogs are also largely affected by cancer, with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) among the most common cancers in both species. Comparative medicine has the potential to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options in oncology by leveraging commonalities between diseases affecting both humans and animals. Within this context, in the present study, we investigated the potential of panobinostat (Pan)-loaded folate-targeted PEGylated liposomes (FA-PEG-Pan-Lip) for the treatmen

Развитие микробиотерапии: роль синтетической биологии в инженерных микробных сообществах для точной медицины.

В последние годы исследования в области микробиотических исследований и синтетической биологии были посвящены изучению новых подходов к микробным манипуляциям в терапевтических целях. Тем не менее, по этому аспекту имеется фрагментированная информация с ключевыми идеями, разбросанными по различным дисциплинам, таким, как молекулярная биология, генетика, биоинженерия и медицина. Цель этого обзора заключается в создании преобразующего потенциала синтетической биологии в плане развития исследований и лечения микробиоме, что имеет значительные последствия для здравоохранения, сельского хозяйства и

Anticancer peptides as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment.

Cancer remains a concern after years of research in this field. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are available for cancer treatment, but they are characterized by various side effects. There are several immunological challenges that make it difficult for the immune system and conventional therapies to treat cancer. Some of these challenges include heterogeneity, resistance to medicines, and cancer relapse. Even advanced treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which revolutionized cancer treatment, have associated toxicity and resistance further n

Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest develo

The Impact of Ketogenic Nutrition on Obesity and Metabolic Health: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has recently gained increasing popularity. This high-fat, adequate-protein, and carbohydrate-poor eating pattern leads to nutritional ketosis. The KD has long been known for its antidiabetic and antiepileptic effects and has been used therapeutically in these contexts. Recently, the KD, due to its effectiveness in inducing weight loss, has also been proposed as a possible approach to treat obesity. Likewise, a KD is currently explored as a supporting element in the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic disorders and certain forms of cancer. Here, we discuss the meta

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… Leucine supplementation also increased the amount of leptin and ketone bodies, but no changes in cholesterol or triglyceride levels were observed. 59 One study in humans has shown that butyric acid is even more ketogenic than either leucine or 8-carbon monoglycerides. 60 Under real-life nutritional …

Liposomal Nanoparticle Delivery of Ginkgo Flavone Glycosides Enhances SIRT1 Activation and Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of Ginkgo Flavone Glycosides (GFGs) delivered via liposomal nanoparticles in treating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) by upregulating Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) to restore energy metabolism and autophagy homeostasis.MethodsA DCM mouse model was employed, with groups treated with different doses of GFGs. Various evaluations, including body weight, blood glucose levels, and cardiac function, were performed. Network pharmacology, transcriptomic analysis, and molecular docking studies were conducted to elucidate the key role of SIRT1 in inhibiting

The Battlefield of Chemotherapy in Pediatric Cancers.

The survival rate for pediatric cancers has remarkably improved in recent years. Conventional chemotherapy plays a crucial role in treating pediatric cancers, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to advanced treatments may be limited. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved chemotherapy drugs that can be used in children have expanded, but patients still face numerous side effects from the treatment. In addition, multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to pose a major challenge in improving the survival rates for a significant number of patients. This review focuses

Advances of HDAC inhibitors in tumor therapy: potential applications through immune modulation.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi) have garnered considerable attention due to their potential in treating various types of malignant tumors. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) not only influence chromatin structure and gene transcription by regulating histone acetylation status but also acetylate various non-histone proteins. They are widely involved in several key biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and immune responses. HDACi exert their effects by inhibiting HDAC activity; however, these effects are highly concentration-dependent and non

Post-Transplant Bendamustine as a Platform for Immune Modulation After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-CY) remains the standard of care for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), yet relapse, delayed immune reconstitution, infections, and organ toxicity represent persistent and clinically meaningful limitations. Post-transplant bendamustine (PT-BEN) has been investigated as a biologically distinct alternative. In stringent haploidentical murine models, PT-BEN uncoupled GvHD from graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects through mechanisms centered on myeloid modulation and preservation of innate imm

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… Bendamustine Pharmacology Bendamustine (BEN) is a structurally distinctive alkylating agent comprising a nitrogen mustard alkylating group, a benzimidazole ring conferring purine analog properties, and a butyric acid side chain [ 1 ]. …

Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation?

Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi-drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti-inflammatory properties, they may

Ход работы 34th Симпозиум ESVN-ECVN 23rd-24th сентябрь 2022.

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CoREST in pieces: Dismantling the CoREST complex for cancer therapy and beyond.

Several landmark studies over the past decade have uncovered a critical role of the CRL3KBTBD4 ubiquitin ligase complex in regulating stability of corepressor of repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) complex proteins and normal hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. There is now mounting evidence that the CoREST complex plays oncogenic roles, although the contributions of its catalytic versus noncatalytic functions remain unclear. Here, we summarize and discuss mechanisms whereby the CoREST complex coopts tissue-specific transcription factors to elicit pathogenic activity