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Polymorphisms in inflammatory and immune response genes associated with cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 severity.

BACKGROUND: Familial cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 (CCM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (KRIT1/CCM1) gene, and characterized by multiple brain lesions that often result in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), seizures, and neurological deficits. Carriers of the same genetic mutation can present with variable symptoms and severity of disease, suggesting the influence of modifier factors. Evidence is emerging that inflammation and immune response play a role in the pathogenesis of CCM. The purpose of this study was to investigate wheth

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of the Innate Immune Response to Gout.

Gout is a disease caused by uric acid (UA) accumulation in the joints, causing inflammation. Two UA forms - monosodium urate (MSU) and solub … ype 6 (murine); NBD: nucleotide-binding domain; Nek7: smallest NIMA-related kinase; NET: neutrophil extracellular traps; Nf-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells; NFIL3: nuclear-factor, interleukin 3 regulated protein; NIIMA: network of immunity in infection, malignancy, and autoimmunity; NLR: nod-like receptor; NLRA: nod-like receptor NL …

Multiple cell death modalities and immune response in pulpitis.

AIM: To investigate the level and distribution of apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis in pulpitis with or without necrosis on a … cally and predominates in the abscess area of pulpitis, suggesting a potential effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on pulpitis progression and NETs-targeted diagnostic strategy may play a role in decision making for vital pulp therapy.

SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Cardiovascular Sequelae in the Post-COVID Era: A Public Health Microbiology Perspective on Sudden Cardiac Death and Pulmonary Thromboembolism.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) extend well beyond the acute respiratory phase, with accumulating virological evidence that SARS-CoV-2 RNA, viral antigens, and proteolytic fragments may persist in cardiovascular and other extrapulmonary tissues, although the extent to which such detection represents replication-competent reservoirs versus residual viral material with uncertain pathological relevance remains under active investigation. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) have emerged as forensically and epidemiologically significant outcomes i

miR-221-3p-mediated CPT2 suppression links cardiomyocyte metabolic stress to NET-associated inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Multi-omics evidence and experimental validation.

BACKGROUND: Impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) contribute to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Whether cardiomyocyte metabolic dysfunction contributes to neutrophil activation remains unclear. METHODS: We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) of 1400 plasma metabolites with ischemic heart disease (IHD) as the outcome, followed by summary-data-based MR (SMR) to prioritize candidate genes for the selected metabolite. Five mouse MIRI microarray datasets and a published cardiac single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset

Developing an optimized method for biofilm extraction from microplastic surfaces for high-efficiency analysis of adherent bacterial communities.

Microplastics (MiPs, ×5 mm in size) harbor complex biofilms that facilitate pathogen dissemination, yet standardized extraction protocols are lacking. Here, we developed and optimized a method for biofilm extraction from environmentally weathered MiPs. To reflect real-world conditions, the protocol was applied directly to bulk, heterogeneous, field-collected MiP mixtures (size range: 80 µm-5 mm) without prior sorting by polymer type or morphology. By optimizing extraction buffers, mechanical disruption, and MiP quantities (100-150 particles), we established an optimal protocol combining phosph

Transcriptome analysis reveals hepatic disordered lipid metabolism, lipotoxic injury, and abnormal development in IUGR sheep fetuses due to maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy.

Although lipid metabolism in fetal livers under intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) conditions has been widely studied, the implications … yses of the 231 intersecting DEGs between MU1 versus CG and MU2 versus CG indicated that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were induced and played a central role in fetal hepatic injury in IUGR sheep. Increased maternal blood myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels (P < 0.01), NE (Elane)-positive areas in fetal liver sections (P < 0.05), and fetal liver MPO protein expressi …

Compound Danshen Dripping Pills retards the progression of cerebral cavernous malformations via strengthening vascular integrity and ameliorating inflammatory response.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are characterized by abnormal clusters of dilated, thin-walled capillaries in the brain … xis and suppressed inflammatory networks involving NF-κB, ICAM1, VCAM1, IL-6, IL-1β, and neutrophil extracellular traps (CitH3). Diprovocim-induced exacerbation of CCM lesions was effectively reversed by CDDP, confirming the involvement of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Brain tissue analysis identified 11 brain-penetrating components, including salvianolic acids and ginsen …

The expression of microRNAs and exposure to environmental contaminants related to human health: a review.

Environmental contaminants exposure may lead to detrimental changes to the microRNAs (miRNAs) expression resulting in several health effects. miRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have multiple transcript targets and thereby regulate several signalling molecules. Even a minor alteration in the abundance of one miRNA can have deep effects on global gene expression. Altered patterns of miRNAs can be responsible for changes linked to various health outcomes, suggesting that specific miRNAs are activated in pathophysiological processes. In this review, we provide an overview

[Exploring mechanism of Yiqi Huoluo Formula in improving bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis via FGFR1/ERK/NFATc1 pathway].

This study aims to investigate whether Yiqi Huoluo Formula(YQHLF) exerts anti-bone destruction effects in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) by regulating the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1) pathway. Forty SD rats were randomly allocated to normal control group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose YQHLF groups, and specific FGFR1 inhibitor(PD173074) groups, with eight rats per group. Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rat model was established in all groups except for the normal control gro

Guilu Erxian oral liquid alleviates oligoasthenospermia via the mitochondria-complement-NETs network.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Guilu Erxian Oral Liquid (GLEX) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula first recorded in Yi Bian, a medical classic written during the Ming Dynasty, and has been conventionally used to treat male infertility based on its kidney tonification and is now widely recognized for its therapeutic effects against oligoasthenospermia (OAS). AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to investigate the impact of GLEX on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced OAS-like mice and to explore its underlying mechanisms, utilizing pharmacodynamics, multi-omics, and molecular biological techni

Cervicovaginal fluid proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers for preterm birth.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of at-risk women by reliable screening tests could reduce the spontaneous preterm birth rate, but conventional methods such as obstetrical history and maternal cervical length screening identify only a minority of spontaneous preterm birth cases. Cervicovaginal fluid might prove to be a useful, readily available biological fluid for identifying spontaneous preterm birth biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to identify cervicovaginal fluid biomarkers of early spon

Single-cell profiling reveals stromal niche and α5β1 regulation of neutrophil phenotypes in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fibroblast-neutrophil interactions are implicated in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment resistance, but whether fibroblasts modify neutrophil inflammatory activity remains unclear. We investigated responses to fibroblast exposure, stromal depletion, and α5β1-directed treatment. METHODS: We integrated human and mouse colonic single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial protein profiling (CODEX), fibroblast-neutrophil coculture, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse colitis with fibroblast activation protein (FAP) ablation or α5β1-directed treatment. Readouts included ce

[Establishment of an Engineered Bacterial Membrane Biomimetic Nanodrug Delivery System and Its Role in the Treatment of Glioma].

OBJECTIVE: To develop engineered bacterial membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, Angiopep-2 E. coli membrane (ANG-2 EM)@PDA-PEI-CpG (ANG-2 EM@P … scence microscopy showed that ANG-2 EM@PPC changed the death pathway of neutrophils from neutrophil extracellular traps-osis (NETosis) to apoptosis. Western blot confirmed the production of neutrophil apoptotic bodies, and flow cytometry showed that the production rate was as high as 77.7%. Animal experiments showed that there was no significant difference in the dis …

Exploiting autophagy-targeting natural compounds for potential antimicrobial actions.

Natural products are biologically active compounds used for therapeutic interventions for various diseases, particularly infections. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway involving lysosomal degradation and is closely associated with immunological pathways, effectively combating bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy activation or inhibition by natural products promotes antimicrobial responses against various pathogens. Numerous natural products can modulate autophagy through diverse signaling pathways, suggesting their poten

Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Treatment, and Risk Assessment.

Cancer patients represent a growing population with drastically difficult care and a lowered quality of life, especially due to the heightened risk of vast complications. Thus, it is well established so far that one of the most prominent complications in individuals with cancer is venous thromboembolism. Since there are various improved methods for screening and diagnosing cancer and its complications, the incidence of cancer-associated thrombosis has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, the high mortality and morbidity rates among these patients are not a surprise. Consequently, there

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… The interplay among cancer cells, platelets, and endothelial cells leads to the creation of cell-cell aggregates, subsequently causing hindrance in blood circulation and encouraging coagulation and occlusion of vessels. 134 Neutrophil extracellular traps Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a … Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in radiation resistance of invasive bladder cancer. Nat Commun. 2021;12:2776. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23086-z 151. Herre M, Cedervall J, Mackman N, Olsson AK. Neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathology of cancer and other inflammatory diseases. …

Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors.

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within patients with cancer, known as cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population. Over recent years, the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types, influenced by several factors such as patient management, tumor-specific risks, and treatment-related aspects. Furthermore, mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes. We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal hi

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… Figure 2 Diagram showing the mechanisms of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. … Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science. 2004;303:1532–5. doi: 10.1126/science.1092385. 52. Zhang H, Wang Y, Qu M, Li W, Wu D, Cata JP, Miao C. Neutrophil, neutrophil extracellular traps and endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis. …

New Insights Into the Role of Neutrophils in Lymphoma.

Under physiological conditions, neutrophils exhibit remarkable tissue surveillance capabilities, infiltrating interstitial spaces within secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen, and even actively patrolling nodal tissues. These observations provide groundbreaking insight into the functional heterogeneity of neutrophils while offering new perspectives on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in lymphomas. A critical question arises: what roles might these specialized, lymphoid tissue-resident neutrophils play in lymphomagenesis through their unique phenotypic and functional adaptati

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… C., Sivanandham R., et al., “Neutrophil and Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Hodgkin Lymphoma,” Hema 5, no. 9 (2021): e633. 86. … D., “Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer,” Nature Reviews. Cancer 26, no. 2 (2026): 104–117. 132. Wang H., Kim S. J., Lei Y., et al., “Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Homeostasis and Disease,” Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 9, no. 1 (2024): 235. 133. …

Activin Receptor-Ligand Trap for the Treatment of β-thalassemia: A Serendipitous Discovery.

β-thalassemia is a hereditary disorder caused by defective production of β-globin chains of hemoglobin (Hb) that leads to an increased α/β globins ratio with subsequent free α-globins. Alpha globin excess causes oxidative stress, red blood cells membrane damage, premature death of late-stage erythroid precursors, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling acts on biological processes, such as cell quiescence, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and plays an essential role in regulating the hematopoiesis. This pa

Exosomal miR-328 originated from pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells enhances osteoclastogenesis via downregulating Nrp-2 expression.

Osseous metastases of pulmonary carcinoma and the detailed mechanisms remain unclear, and the effects of exosomes (Exos) originated from pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells in this process have received a lot of attentions. Our study revealed that the Exos secreted from A549 cells (A549-Exos) enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osseous resorption in vitro. In addition, A549-Exos showed a targeted effect on bones to enhance osseous resorption in vivo. A549-exosomal miR-328 enhanced osseous resorption via downregulating neuropilin 2 (Nrp-2) expression, and A549-Exos miR-328 inhibitors suppressed osseous