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Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.

BackgroundPatients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population.MethodsWe did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died b

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… antibiotics | 144 (70%) | 107 (65%) | 37 (93%) | 0·0012 | Antiviral medication | 192 (94%) | 153 (93%) | 39 (98%) | 0·45 | | Interferon | 71 (35%) | 48 (29%) | 23 (58%) | 0·0014 | | Oseltamivir | 44 (21%) | 34 (21%) | 10 (25%) | 0·69 | | Umifenovir | 145 (71%) | 116 (70%) | 29 (73%) | 0·94 | | Ribavirin …

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Patients with Tick-Borne Illness: A Scoping Review of 98 Cases.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to tick-borne infections is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome. We performed a scoping review according to PRISMA guidelines to systematically analyze the existing literature on the topic. A total of 98 patients were included, with a mean age of 43.7 years, of which 64% were men. Most cases, 31%, were reported from the USA. Immunosuppression was present in 21.4%, with the most common cause being previous solid organ transplantation. Constitutional symptoms were the most common, observed in 83.7% of the patients, while fever was r

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… Uncommonly used medication included colony-stimulating-factors, ribavirin, rifampin, ruxolitinib, eculizumab, and antimalarial agents in one patient each. …

Progression of the Radiologic Severity Index predicts mortality in patients with parainfluenza virus-associated lower respiratory infections.

BackgroundRadiologic severity may predict adverse outcomes after lower respiratory tract infection (LRI). However, few studies have quantified radiologic severity of LRIs. We sought to evaluate whether a semi-quantitative scoring tool, the Radiologic Severity Index (RSI), predicted mortality after parainfluenza virus (PIV)-associated LRI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of consecutively-enrolled adult patients with hematologic malignancy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with PIV detected in nasal wash who subsequently developed radiologically-confirmed LRI. We measured

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… Data collected included demographic information (age, gender, race), underlying malignancy, cancer status (remission, relapse, or refractory), PIV detection in BAL (if performed), presence of BAL co-pathogens, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and administration of antiviral therapy with ribavirin and/or intravenous …

Infectious Diseases

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Acute myeloid leukemia: focus on novel therapeutic strategies.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical outcomes. Cytogenetic analysis reveals which patients may have favorable risk disease, but 5-year survival in this category is only approximately 60%, with intermediate and poor risk groups faring far worse. Advances in our understanding of the biology of leukemia pathogenesis and prognosis have not been matched with clinical improvements. Unsatisfactory outcomes persist for the majority of patients with AML, particularly the elderly. Novel agents and treatment approaches are needed in the induction, post-remission

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… inhibitor | PF-0449 PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor | ON 01910.Na HSP-90 inhibitor | Elesclomol sodium Angiokinase inhibitor | BIBF 1120 Statins | Pravastatin, lovastatin Mitochondrial translation inhibitor | Tigecycline EGFR inhibitor | Erlotinib WNT pathway inhibitor | CWP232291 Oncogene eIF4E inhibitor | Ribavirin …

Virtual Screening of FDA-Approved Compounds: Exploring New Alternatives for HIV Treatment.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a significant public health challenge, particularly because of the emergence of drug-resistant strains against the drugs currently used in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The ongoing search for new molecules with therapeutic potential remains crucial. In this study, a virtual screening approach was employed to identify novel candidates with therapeutic potential for HIV. High-throughput screening (HTS) data were used to train and validate quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, which were subsequently applie

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… Fluvastatin as an adjuvant to pegylated interferon and ribavirin in HIV/hepatitis C virus genotype 1 co-infected patients: an open-label randomized controlled study J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2010 65 4 735 740 10.1093/jac/dkq002 20118492 Hussain S. K. Golozar A. Widney D. P. Rappocciolo G. …

A Possible Role of Remdesivir and Plasma Therapy in the Selective Sweep and Emergence of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Since summer 2020, SARS-CoV-2 strains at the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic have suddenly been replaced by new SARS-CoV-2 variants, some of which are highly transmissible and spread at a high rate. These variants include the Marseille-4 lineage (Nextclade 20A.EU2) in Europe, the 20I/501Y.V1 variant first detected in the UK, the 20H/501Y.V2 variant first detected in South Africa, and the 20J/501Y.V3 variant first detected in Brazil. These variants are characterized by multiple mutations in the viral spike protein that is targeted by neutralizing antibodies elicited in response to infection or

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… Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2017;115:E162–E171. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718806115. 54. Snijder E., Decroly E., Ziebuhr J. The Nonstructural Proteins Directing Coronavirus RNA Synthesis and Processing. …

The 46th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Physicians Oral Session (O010-O173).

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Exploration and Development of PPAR Modulators in Health and Disease: An Update of Clinical Evidence.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that govern the expression of genes responsible for energy metabolism, cellular development, and differentiation. Their crucial biological roles dictate the significance of PPAR-targeting synthetic ligands in medical research and drug discovery. Clinical implications of PPAR agonists span across a wide range of health conditions, including metabolic diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and malignancies. In this review we aim to consolidate exist

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… Yet, one-year treatment with farglitazar (PPARγ) failed to lessen stellate cell activation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients who did not respond to anti-viral therapy (pegylated interferon alpha/ribavirin) [ 212 ]. …

Risk factors for relapse in non-infectious cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, including type I cryoglobulinemia: a systematic review.

BackgroundData on non-infectious cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (NICV) is scarce, especially concerning the management of relapses, which are troublesome. We aimed to investigate risk factors for relapse in NICV.MethodsA systematic literature search of CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases was implemented until April 2023. Eligible studies included randomized control trials, observational studies, and case series with ≥4 patients. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the eligible studies.ResultsA total of 3,724 articles were retrieved

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… The combined administration of pegylated interferon α or ribavirin and/or novel antiviral drugs has also been effective in inducing remission in most cases of MC ( 9 ). …

Targeting nuclear import and export in hematological malignancies.

The transport of proteins across the nuclear membrane is a highly regulated process, essential for the cell function. This transport is actively mediated by members of the karyopherin family, termed importins, or exportins, depending on the direction of transport. These proteins play an active part in tumorigenesis, through aberrant localization of their cargoes, which include oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and mediators of key signal transduction pathways. Overexpression of importins and exportins is reported in many malignancies, with implications in cell growth and viability, differentia

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… Molecular targeting of the oncogene eIF4E in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a proof-of-principle clinical trial with ribavirin. Blood. 2009;114:257–60. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-205153. 95. Volpon L, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Osborne MJ, Ramteke A, Sun Q, Niesman A, et al. …

Doubly blind: a systematic review of gender in randomised controlled trials.

BackgroundAlthough observational data show social characteristics such as gender or socio-economic status to be strong predictors of health, their impact is seldom investigated in randomised controlled studies (RCTs).Objective & designUsing a random sample of recent RCTs from high-impact journals, we examined how the most often recorded social characteristic, sex/gender, is considered in design, analysis, and interpretation. Of 712 RCTs published from September 2008 to 31 December 2013 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, Lancet, Canadian Medical Association Journal, or

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… study Age 18+ Documented race, education, birthplace, income social connectedness, urban/rural, sex behaviours | Zeuzem (industry) ( 75 ) | Comparison of faldaprevir plus deleobuvir at different doses, with or without ribaviron to induce a sustained virologic response in chronic Hep C | Including Ribavirin …

Nanotherapeutics in the EU: an overview on current state and future directions.

The application of nanotechnology in areas of drug delivery and therapy (ie, nanotherapeutics) is envisioned to have a great impact on public health. The ability of nanotherapeutics to provide targeted drug delivery, improve drug solubility, extend drug half-life, improve a drug's therapeutic index, and reduce a drug's immunogenicity has resulted in the potential to revolutionize the treatment of many diseases. In this paper, we review the liposome-, nanocrystal-, virosome-, polymer therapeutic-, nanoemulsion-, and nanoparticle-based approaches to nanotherapeutics, which represent the most suc

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… The combination of these compounds with ribavirin has shown high success in the treatment of hepatitis B and C. 51 Pegylated interferons are not liver specific, but the prolonged circulation time of the pegylated compound allows prolonged uptake by the hepatocyte, providing enhanced therapeutic efficiency …

Abstracts from the 8th Drug Hypersensitivity Meeting (DHM)

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Successful salvage of a severe COVID-19 patient previously with lung cancer and radiation pneumonitis by mesenchymal stem cells: a case report and literature review.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly patients with underlying condition, such as tumors, had poor prognoses after progressing to severe pneumonia and often had poor response to standard treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a promising treatment for patients with severe pneumonia, but MSCs are rarely used for patients with carcinoma. Here, we reported a 67-year-old female patient with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent osimertinib and radiotherapy and suffered from radiation pneumonitis. Unfortunately, she contracted COVID-19 and that rapidly progressed to severe pneumonia. She respo

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… 89 ) | Spain | / | / | No | No | Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Enoxaparin | BM | 1×10 6 /kg VD | Remission | Discharged on day 17 (day 6 from MSCs) Tang 2020 ( 84 ) | China | F | 37 | No | No | Oseltamivir, Arbidol hydrochloride | MB | 1×10 6 /kg VD×3 | Remission | | China | M | 71 | No | No | Ribavirin …

Feline Coronavirus Infection

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… A variety of immunomodulators and antiviral drugs have been tried, such as ribavirin and oral and parenteral human recombinant IFN-α, but none have convincingly shown benefit in vivo. …

Cryoglobulinemia: An update on classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management.

Cryoglobulinemia (CG) is defined by the presence of serum immunoglobulins that precipitate below 37°C and redissolve upon rewarming. It is classified into three types based on immunoglobulin composition. Type I, a rare form, involves monoclonal IgM or IgG and is linked to lymphoproliferative disorders. Types II and III are known as mixed CG (MC): Type II consists of polyclonal IgG and monoclonal IgM with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity, whereas Type III includes polyclonal IgG and polyclonal IgM with RF activity. MC is predominantly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and involve

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… First‐generation interferon (IFN)‐based regimens were limited by IFN neurotoxicity, myelosuppression, and ribavirin‐induced hemolysis [ 32 , 39 , 85 ]. Clinical remission correlated with sustained virologic response (SVR), although some discordant data exist [ 32 ]. …

Melanoma and immunotherapy bridge 2015 : Naples, Italy. 1-5 December 2015.

MELANOMA BRIDGE 2015 KEYNOTE SPEAKER PRESENTATIONS Molecular and immuno-advances K1 Immunologic and metabolic consequences of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in melanoma Vashisht G. Y. Nanda, Weiyi Peng, Patrick Hwu, Michael A. Davies K2 Non-mutational adaptive changes in melanoma cells exposed to BRAF and MEK inhibitors help the establishment of drug resistance Gennaro Ciliberto, Luigi Fattore, Debora Malpicci, Luigi Aurisicchio, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Carlo M. Croce, Rita Mancini K3 Tumor-intrinsic beta-catenin signaling mediates tumor-immune avoidance Stefani Spranger, Thomas F. Gajewski K4 Intra

Control of viral infections by epigenetic-targeted therapy.

Epigenetics is defined as the science that studies the modifications of gene expression that are not owed to mutations or changes in the genetic sequence. Recently, strong evidences are pinpointing toward a solid interplay between such epigenetic alterations and the outcome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Guided by the previous possibly promising experimental trials of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epigenetic reprogramming, the latter is paving the road toward two major approaches to control viral gene expression or latency. Reactivating HCMV from the latent phase ("shock and k

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… Even though previous treatment options were limited to interferon and ribavirin regimens, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies based on HCV protease inhibitors have granted a definitive cure in more of 95% of patients [ 133 ]. …

Revisiting potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.

Since an outbreak started in China in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide epidemic with high contagiousness and caused mass mortalities of infected cases around the world. Currently, available treatments for COVID-19, including supportive care, respiratory support and antiviral therapy, have shown limited efficacy. Thus, more effective therapeutic modalities are highly warranted. Drug repurposing, as an efficient strategy to explore a potential broader scope of the application of approved drugs beyond their original indications, accelerates the process of d

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… In addition, the results of a randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial showed that chlorcyclizine had some anti-HCV effects, and most notably in combination with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent [ 11 ]. …