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Lip pits and congenital absence of second premolars: varied expression of the Lip Pits syndrome.

A family with the lip pits syndrome is described in which nine of the 11 affected members have hypodontia involving the second premolars.

Transcription during the development of bacteriophage phi29: definition of "early" and "late" phi29 ribonucleic acid.

Bacteriophage phi29 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) production following infection of Bacillus subtilis has been analyzed. Early (e) phi29 RNA, made prior to the onset of phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and exclusively from the light (L) phi29 DNA strand, has been shown by RNA-DNA hybridization-competition experiments to be present throughout the phage latent period. No repression of e RNA production during phi29 development could be demonstrated. Unmodified host RNA polymerase molecules appear to be sufficient for the synthesis of e RNA since phage-specific RNA made in the pre

Meeting abstracts from the 21st European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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… Postmortem human (PD, MSA) brain tissues and α-synuclein fibril-injected mouse brain tissues were used to evaluate specific binding of the radioligands (10nM) by in vitro autoradiography. … Conclusion: Based on in vitro fibril binding and autoradiography, three α-synuclein ligands were selected as new leads for PET tracer development. In vitro autoradiography indicated specific binding to α-synuclein in postmortem human tissues and α-synuclein fibril-injected mouse brain. …

Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and lethal prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Reports in the osteoporosis literature demonstrating the increased activity of specific alleles of the vitamin D receptor and epide … rase chain reaction using [gamma-32P] labeled primers, resolved by gel electrophoresis and sized by autoradiography. Fragments 410 bps or greater corresponded to repeats 18 bps or greater (L allele) and fragments less than 410 bps corresponded to repeats less than 18 bps (S allele). Individuals were classified as LL, LS or SS. RESULTS: The TaqI restriction fragm …

Preclinical efficacy of hK2 targeted [177Lu]hu11B6 for prostate cancer theranostics.

Androgen ablating drugs increase life expectancy in men with metastatic prostate cancer, but resistance inevitably develops. In a majority o … C) stained for Ki-67 (proliferation) and AR, SA-β-gal activity (senescence) and analyzed by digital autoradiography (DAR). Results: Organ-to-blood and tumor-to-blood ratios were independent of hu11B6 specific activity except for the highest amount of antibody (150 µg). Tumor accumulation of [177Lu]hu11B6 peaked at 168 h with a specific uptake of 29 ± 9.1 percent …

Expression of the short chain fatty acid receptor GPR41/FFAR3 in autonomic and somatic sensory ganglia.

G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) also called free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) is a Gαi-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly produced from dietary complex carbohydrate fibers in the large intestine as products of fermentation by microbiota. FFAR3 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells, but has recently also been shown to be present in sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the FFAR3 is present in other autonomic and sensory ganglia possibly influencing gut physiology. Cryostat sections were cu

Changes in cholinergic and glutamatergic markers in the striatum from a sub-set of subjects with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Having separated a sub-group of people with schizophrenia based on a marked loss of cortical [(3)H]pirenzepine binding (MRDS); we wished to determine if MRDS had lower levels of [(3)H]pirenzepine and other muscarinic receptor antagonist binding to the striatum and if this was due to loss of pre- or post-synaptic neurons or glia measured using surrogate markers (25 kilodalton synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP 25), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) 41/43) of cell number. METHODS: [(3)H]pirenzepine, [(3)H]AF-DX 384 and [(3

Efficacy of prophylactic blood pressure lowering according to a standardized postoperative management protocol to prevent symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion after direct revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral hyperperfusion is a potential complication of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis for moyamoya disease, but the optimal postoperative management has not been determined. Aggressive blood pressure lowering is controversial because of the risk of ischemic complications. OBJECTIVE: To establish the optimal postoperative management protocol to prevent symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion in moyamoya disease. METHODS: N-isopropyl-p-[(123)I]-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography was performed 1 and 7 days after STA-MCA a

The fate of bacterial cocaine esterase (CocE): an in vivo study of CocE-mediated cocaine hydrolysis, CocE pharmacokinetics, and CocE elimination.

Cocaine abuse and toxicity remain widespread problems in the United States. Currently cocaine toxicity is treated only symptomatically, because there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy for this indication. To address the unmet need, a stabilized mutant of bacterial cocaine esterase [T172R/G173Q-CocE (DM-CocE)], which hydrolyzes cocaine into inactive metabolites and has low immunogenic potential, has been developed and previously tested in animal models of cocaine toxicity. Here, we document the rapid cocaine hydrolysis by low doses of DM-CocE in vitro and in vivo, as w

In vivo positron emission tomographic imaging of glial responses to amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.

Core pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are aggregated amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and tau, and the latter is also characteristic of diverse neurodegenerative tauopathies. These amyloid lesions provoke microglial activation, and recent neuroimaging technologies have enabled visualization of this response in living brains using radioligands for the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor also known as the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). Here, we elucidated contributions of Aβ and tau deposits to in vivo TSPO signals in pursuit of mechanistic and diagnostic significance of TSPO imaging in AD and

Dynamic and static small-animal SPECT in rats for monitoring renal function after 177Lu-labeled Tyr3-octreotate radionuclide therapy.

UNLABELLED: High kidney radiation doses during clinical peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with β-particle-emitting radiolabeled somatostatin analogs will lead to renal failure several months after treatment, urging the coinfusion of the cationic amino acids lysine and arginine to reduce the renal radiation dose. In rat PRRT studies, renal protection by the coadministration of lysine was confirmed by histologic examination of kidney specimens indicating nephrotoxicity. In the current study, we investigated dedicated small-animal SPECT/CT renal imaging in rats to monitor renal functio

Expression, localization, and functional coupling of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Purpose. In the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), somatostatin-14 (SRIF) acting at the SRIF receptor subtype 2 (sst(2)) inhibits angiogenic responses to hypoxia through a downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Information about where SRIF-sst(2) interactions take place is lacking, and downstream effectors mediating SRIF-sst(2) antiangiogenic actions are unknown. Methods. In the OIR model, retinal expression of SRIF was evaluated with RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay. The bindings of [(125)I]LTT-SRIF-28 and [(125)I]Tyr(3)-octreotide were measured in coronal sections of

Functional correlates for 5-HT(1A) receptors in maternally deprived rats displaying anxiety and depression-like behaviors.

Maternal separation is known to induce long-term changes in neuroendocrine and emotional responsiveness to stress in a large variety of models. We examined an animal model of early deprivation in Sprague-Dawley rats consisting of separating litters from their mothers and littermates 3 h daily during postnatal days 2 to 15. In adulthood, maternally deprived rats in comparison with non-deprived controls exhibited an increase in anxiety and depression-related behaviors in the open-field and forced swim tests. Because serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT(1A) receptors seem to play an important role in the pathop

Atypical Angelman syndrome with macrocephaly due to a familial imprinting center deletion.

Two elderly brothers with severe intellectual disability were diagnosed with Angelman syndrome after a once-removed, 15-year-old cousin was found to have the syndrome due to a deletion of the imprinting center. For many years it was believed the brothers, who both have macrocephaly, were affected by nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation. This was because, apart from absent speech and intellectual disability, the phenotype of the two men was not characteristic of Angelman syndrome. Conversely, the cousin, in addition to severe intellectual disability, language impairment, and ataxic gait, ha

Immediate and residual effects of tamoxifen and ethynylestradiol in the female rat hypothalamus.

Very little is known about the impact of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the brain. We examined the effects of tamoxifen (TAMOX) and the synthetic estrogen 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE) on estrogen-dependent gene expression and receptor binding in the female rat brain. Both immediate and residual effects were examined in both the presence and absence of 17beta-estradiol. Two groups of adult, ovariectomized, female rats (n=30 per group) were injected with TAMOX (5 mg/kg), EE (0.1 mg/kg), or sesame oil daily for 14 days. Animals from the first group were implanted with blank or

Hybrids monosomal for human chromosome 5 reveal the presence of a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) carrier with two SMN1 copies on one chromosome.

We have analyzed the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) dosage in 100 parents of children with homozygous SMN1 deletions. Of these parents, 96 (96%) demonstrated the expected one-copy SMN1 carrier genotype. However, four parents (4%) were observed to have a normal two-copy SMN1 dosage. The presence of two intact SMN1 genes in the parent of an affected child indicates either the occurrence of a de novo mutation event or a situation in which one chromosome has two copies of SMN1, whereas the other is null. We have separated individual chromosomes from two of these parents with two-copy SMN1 dosag