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Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the TME maturation of epithelial-derived tumors. Genetic alterations in tumor cells result in hyperplasia, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). These events create hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis within the TME triggering an adjustment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a response

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… Pancreatic cancer | NCT02550327 (1) Alone | Multiple myeloma | NCT03233776 (2) Canakinumab (Ilaris) | Alone | 1 NSCLC | NCT03447769 (3) Chemotherapeutic cocktail with or without Canakinumab | NSCLC | NCT03631199 (3) Possible use of Canakinumab with Spartalizumab and LAG525 | 2 TNBC | NCT03742349 (1) Docetaxel … Docetaxel with placebo | NSCLC | NCT03626545 (3) Possible use with PDR001 | Colorectal cancer/TNBC/NSCLC | NCT02900664 (1) Possible use with PDR001, cisplatin, pemetrexed and carboplatin | NSCLC | NCT03064854 (1) Possible use with PDR001 | Melanoma | NCT03484923 (2) Phosphomanno-pentose sulfate (PI- …

Interplay of non-coding RNAs and approved antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and pemetrexed in mesothelioma.

Gemcitabine and pemetrexed are clinically approved antimetabolites for the therapy of mesothelioma diseases. These drugs are often applied in combination with platinum complexes and other drugs. The activity of antimetabolites depended on the expression levels of certain non-coding RNAs, in particular, of small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The development of tumor resistance towards antimetabolites was regulated by non-coding RNAs. An overview of the interplay between gemcitabine/pemetrexed antimetabolites and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma is provided. Further to th

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… Further to this, the paclitaxel analog docetaxel increased the expression of miR-34a in epithelial MPM cells [ 169 ]. A list of terpenoid drugs and their effects on non-coding RNAs is given in Table 5 . … MiR-34a expression, cell cycle arrest and cell death of malignant mesothelioma cells upon treatment with radiation, docetaxel or combination treatment Oncology 81 2011 330 335 22237142 10.1159/000334237 170 Anderton M.J. Manson M.M. Verschoyle R.D. Gescher A. Lamb J.H. Farmer P.B. Steward W.P. …

Organelle-oriented nanomedicines in tumor therapy: Targeting, escaping, or collaborating?

Precise tumor therapy is essential for improving treatment specificity, enhancing efficacy, and minimizing side effects. Targeting organelles is a key strategy for achieving this goal and is a frontier research area attracting a considerable amount of attention. The concept of organelle targeting has a significant effect on the structural design of the nanodrugs employed. Most notably, the intricate interactions among different organelles in a tumor cell essentially create a unified system. Unfortunately, this aspect might have been somewhat overlooked when existing organelle-targeting nanodru

Outcome Measures to Assess the Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): A Scoping Review.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy that can affect functioning and quality of life. Currently, duloxetine is the only recommended agent to treat painful CIPN; however, no effective pharmacological treatments have been approved for the prevention or cure of CIPN, highlighting the need to understand non-pharmacological strategies such as exercise. Given significant heterogeneity in the CIPN outcome measures chosen across studies, this scoping review aimed to identify the outcome measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of exerc

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… Standard chemotherapy drug classes known to cause CIPN include taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel), platinum-based (e.g., oxaliplatin and cisplatin), and vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine and vinblastine), resulting in CIPN incidences of 11% to 87%, 49% to 100%, and 60%, respectively [ 1 ]. …

Integrative Medicine for Cancer-Related Pain: A Narrative Review.

Cancer-related pain (C-RP) is a prevalent and debilitating concern among patients with cancer, with conventional treatments limited in their ability to provide adequate relief, and by the adverse effects associated with their use. Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) modalities have been shown to be potentially effective and safe for the treatment of pain and related symptoms, when used in conjunction with conventional medications and under medical supervision. An increasing number of oncology centers provide CIM within their conventional supportive and palliative care service, in an "

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… Patients undergoing treatment with taxane drugs (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel), platinum-based and other drug groups frequently suffer from symptoms caused by the damage these drugs cause to peripheral nerves, which in many cases is irreversible and can lead to long-term disability. …

Transcriptome Meta-Analysis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The identification of biomarkers to predict NAC response and inform personalized treatment strategies is essential. In this study, we conducted large-scale gene expression meta-analyses to identify genes associated with NAC response and survival outcomes. The results showed that immune, cell cycle/mitotic, and RNA splicing-related pathways were significantly associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we integrated and divided the gene association results from

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… Pathological Response in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cohort Treated with Neoadjuvant Carboplatin and Docetaxel According to Lehmann’s Refined Classification Clin. Cancer Res. 2018 24 1845 1852 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-1912 29378733 PMC5899625 59. Santonja A. Sanchez-Munoz A. Lluch A. …

The Therapeutic Potential of Imidazole or Quinone-Based Compounds as Radiosensitisers in Combination with Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The addition of platinum chemotherapy to primary radiotherapy (chemoradiation) improves survival outcomes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but it carries a high incidence of acute and long-term treatment-related complications, resulting in a poor quality of life. In addition, patients with significant co-morbidities, or older patients, cannot tolerate or do not benefit from concurrent chemoradiation. These patients are often treated with radiotherapy alone resulting in poor locoregional control and worse survival outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess

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… Nivolumab has also been shown to improve OS for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC after previous platinum-based chemotherapy was compared to the investigators’ choice of second-line treatments (docetaxel, methotrexate or cetuximab [ 18 ]), resulting in nivolumab’s approval as a second-line treatment after …

An overview of the potential anticancer properties of cardamonin.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality, contributing to 9.6 million deaths globally in 2018 alone. Although several cancer treatments exist, they are often associated with severe side effects and high toxicities, leaving room for significant advancements to be made in the field. In recent years, several phytochemicals from plants and natural bioresources have been extracted and tested against various human malignancies using both in vitro and in vivo preclinical model systems. Cardamonin, a chalcone extracted from the Alpinia species, is an example of a natural therapeutic agent that

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… In fact, several successful anticancer drugs such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, topotecan have been isolated from plants and herbs. These bioresources are rich sources of phytochemical agents that have been displayed to possess therapeutic properties against human cancer cell lines. …

Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Diseases: Current Status.

The pancreas is a key organ involved in digestion and endocrine functions in the body. The major diseases of the pancreas include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, cystic diseases, pancreatic divisum, islet cell tumors, endocrine tumors, diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic pain induced by these diseases. While various therapeutic methodologies have been established to date, however, the improvement of conventional treatments and establishment of novel therapies are essential to improve the efficacy. For example, conventional therapeutic options, including chemotherapy, are not effective against p

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… methods of systemic administration and in situ gene transfer by infusion or electroporation, and site-specific administration using endoscopic ultrasound techniques are combined with various chemotherapies, including gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, capecitabine, cisplatin, nab-paclitaxel, docetaxel …

Growth inhibition of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by sgRNA targeting the cyclin D1 mRNA based on TRUE gene silencing.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits increased expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1). Previous studies have shown a correlation between poor prognosis of HNSCC and cyclin D1 overexpression. tRNase ZL-utilizing efficacious gene silencing (TRUE gene silencing) is one of the RNA-mediated gene expression control technologies that have therapeutic potential. This technology is based on a unique enzymatic property of mammalian tRNase ZL, which is that it can cleave any target RNA at any desired site by recognizing a pre-tRNA-like complex formed between the target RNA and an artificial sm

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… Higuchi E, Oridate N, Homma A, Suzuki F, Atago Y, et al. (2007) Prognostic significance of cyclin D1 and p16 in patients with intermediate-risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with docetaxel and concurrent radiotherapy. Head Neck 29:940–947. 14. …

Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-mebendazole as an anti-cancer agent.

Mebendazole, a well-known anti-helminthic drug in wide clinical use, has anti-cancer properties that have been elucidated in a broad range of pre-clinical studies across a number of different cancer types. Significantly, there are also two case reports of anti-cancer activity in humans. The data are summarised and discussed in relation to suggested mechanisms of action. Based on the evidence presented, it is proposed that mebendazole would synergise with a range of other drugs, including existing chemotherapeutics, and that further exploration of the potential of mebendazole as an anti-cancer

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… Taxanes or Vinca Alkaloids : Combinations of microtubule targeting agents, for example, paclitaxel or docetaxel and vinorelbine, act synergistically, and there are numerous trials exploring multiple combinations of different microtubule agents [ 6 ]. …

Stat1 activation attenuates IL-6 induced Stat3 activity but does not alter apoptosis sensitivity in multiple myeloma.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is at present an incurable malignancy, characterized by apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Interferon (IFN) treatment sensitizes MM cells to Fas-induced apoptosis and is associated with an increased activation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)1. The role of Stat1 in MM has not been elucidated, but Stat1 has in several studies been ascribed a pro-apoptotic role. Conversely, IL-6 induction of Stat3 is known to confer resistance to apoptosis in MM.MethodsTo delineate the role of Stat1 in IFN mediated sensitization to apoptosis, sub-lines of t

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… The drugs used in the assay were etoposide, SAHA, dexamethasone, doxorubicin, As203, bortezomib, irinotecan, amsacrine, parthenolide, fludarabine, IMD 0354, 17-AAG/geldanamycin, TBB, docetaxel, oncovin, and resveratrol. For each drug, five different concentrations were used. …

Network approach in liquidomics landscape.

Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical

Exploring the Vasculitis-Tumors Link: Epidemiological Patterns, Mechanistic Insights, and Clinical Implications.

This review systematically examines the association between vasculitis and malignancies by summarizing the risk of tumor-associated vasculitis, their clinical characteristics, and proposed pathogenic mechanisms across different vasculitic subtypes. Relevant case reports and mechanistic studies are integrated to provide a comprehensive overview of this entity. The findings offer practical value for rheumatologists in distinguishing primary vasculitis from malignancy-associated forms and optimizing patient surveillance, and for oncologists in improving recognition of tumor-associated vasculitis

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… prednisone | Symptom free at 2 years, vasculitis resolved Pantoja Zarza et al., 2015 [ 77 ] | LCV | 57 F | Spain | Arthralgia, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss | Palpable purpura on legs, acrocyanosis | ESR↑; CRP↑; Skin biopsy: LCV; CYFRA 21.1↑ | CT: hilar lymphadenop‐athy | Prednisone/ cisplatin/ docetaxel …

Critical analysis of the prescription and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies approved in Germany for the outpatient setting from 2010-2021.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly being launched on the German market and account for a growing share of total drug costs every year. In 2021 alone, eleven monoclonal antibodies were among the 30 best-selling drugs, accounting for 9.91% of total drug costs. In contrast, a considerable additional benefit of the newly introduced monoclonal antibodies is not predominantly demonstrable. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the drug prescriptions and associated costs in comparison to the benefit assessment of the Federal Joint Committee (GBA). This paper analyzes 62 monoclonal antibo

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… (Entyvio) | 2014 | 960.7/60.49 | 7929.1/37.68 | Moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis or moderate to severe Crohn’s disease 58 | Pertuzumab (Perjeta) | 2013 | 7.5/157.14 | 1881.4/123.69 | HER2 + metastatic or locally recurrent, unresectable breast cancer, in combination with Trastuzumab and Docetaxel …

SETD2 and EZH2: Two epigenetic drivers of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a prevalent malignancy among men, characterized by complex mechanisms underlying metastasis and treatment resistance. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating prostate cancer progression, particularly involving histone methyltransferases such as SET-domain containing 2 (SETD2) and Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). SETD2 contributes to chromatin stability by catalyzing the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36me3), and its downregulation is strongly correlated with increased invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Con

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… EZH2 overexpression was one important cause of docetaxel and enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer 64 . Inhibition of EZH2 can enhance the anti-tumor effect of metformin in prostate cancer. …

Effect of the national reimbursement drug list negotiation policy on utilization of negotiated anticancer drugs in Chinese public hospital: a quasi-natural experiment.

BackgroundHigh prices have limited access to targeted anticancer drugs in China. In 2017, 18 such drugs were added to the National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) through national price negotiation.MethodMonthly hospital procurement data (2015-2019) from 887 public hospitals across 30 provinces were analyzed. Drug utilization was measured by expenditures and defined daily doses (DDDs). A difference-in-differences (DID) model and interrupted time series (ITS) analysis were employed to estimate policy effects.ResultsFollowing policy implementation, total DDDs of negotiated drugs rose 4.03-fold an

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… Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group . …

COVID-19 burden of illness in people who are immunocompromised due to cancer: an expert opinion review.

From the beginning of the pandemic, people with cancer have experienced a high burden from COVID-19 compared with the general population, both in terms of severe COVID-19-related outcomes and reduced health-related quality of life and mental health. This review presents and discusses expert views on the burden of COVID-19 in individuals with cancer throughout the pandemic. The literature suggests that early in the pandemic, people with cancer had a disproportionately high risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared with the general population. This trend continued throughout the pandemic

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… Selective depletion of regulatory T cell subsets by docetaxel treatment in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:286170. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2014/286170 19. Kamboj M, Sepkowitz KA.. Nosocomial infections in patients with cancer. …

Systemic therapy and radiotherapy related complications and subsequent hospitalisation rates: a systematic review.

BackgroundHospitalisation resulting from complications of systemic therapy and radiotherapy places a substantial burden on the patient, society, and healthcare system. To formulate preventive strategies and enhance patient care, it is crucial to understand the connection between complications and the need for subsequent hospitalisation. This review aimed to assess the existing literature on complications related to systemic and radiotherapy treatments for cancer, and their impact on hospitalisation rates.MethodsData was obtained via electronic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google

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… Hanna N Shepherd FA Fossella FV Pereira JR Demarinis F Von Pawel J Randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with chemotherapy J Oncol Pract 2004 22 1589 1597 10.1200/JCO.2004.08.163 15117980 50. …

NF-κB in Thyroid Cancer: An Update.

The dysregulated NF-κB basal activity is a common feature of human thyroid carcinomas, especially in poorly differentiated or undifferentiated forms that, even if rare, are often resistant to standard therapies, and, therefore, are uncurable. Despite the molecular mechanisms leading to NF-κB activation in thyroid cancer being only partially understood, during the last few years, it has become clear that NF-κB contributes in different ways to the oncogenic potential of thyroid neoplastic cells. Indeed, it enhances their proliferation and viability, promotes their migration to and colonization o

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… The synergistic activity of bortezomib with docetaxel or with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor) is detectable in only one cell line as part of a panel including different aggressive thyroid carcinoma-derived cell lines [ 90 ]. …