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L-Asparaginase delivery systems targeted to minimize its side-effects.

L-asparaginase (L-ASP) is one of the key enzymes used in therapeutic applications, particularly to treat Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). L-asparagine is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized by the body and is not required to be obtained through the diet. The synthesis of L-asparagine occurs primarily in the liver, but it also takes place in other tissues throughout the body. In contrast, leukemic cells cannot synthesize L-asparagine due the absence of L-asparagine synthetase and should obtain it from circulating sources for protein synthesis and cell division pr

New device for time-averaged measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Contamination by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the environment is an increasing concern since these compounds are harmful to ecosystems and even to human health. Actually, many of them are considered toxic and/or carcinogenic. The main sources of pollution come from very diffuse focal points such as industrial discharges, urban water and accidental spills as these compounds may be present in many products and processes (i.e., paints, fuels, petroleum products, raw materials, solvents, etc.) making their control difficult. The presence of these compounds in groundwater, influenced by dis

Transplantation of microencapsulated Schwann cells and mesenchymal stem cells augment angiogenesis and improve heart function.

Because of their plasticity and availability, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a potential cell source for treating ischemic heart disease. Schwann cells (SC) play a critical role in neural remodeling and angiogenesis because of their secretion of cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Cell microencapsulation, surrounding cells with a semipermeable polymeric membrane, is a promising tool to shelter cells from the recipient's immune system. We investigated whether transplantation of microencapsulated SC (MC-SC) and MSC together could improve heart funct

Single-Particle Polydiacetylene Sensors: Harnessing Monomer Reservoirs for Reconfigurable Chromic Architectures.

ConspectusPolydiacetylene (PDA) is widely used in chromic sensing because it converts a broad range of stimuli into large, easy-to-read color and fluorescence changes. These responses have been extensively studied across diverse material formats, including nanovesicles, thin films, and fibrous assemblies, where chromism is typically interpreted in terms of stimulus-induced distortion of the conjugated backbone and headgroup packing. In this Account, we focus on microscale PDA particles produced by emulsion-based or microfluidic approaches. These particles are characterized by a polymerized out

Treatment of chronic diabetic lower extremity ulcers with advanced therapies: a prospective, randomised, controlled, multi-centre comparative study examining clinical efficacy and cost.

Advanced therapies such as bioengineered skin substitutes (BSS) and dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) have been shown to promote healing of chronic diabetic ulcers. An interim analysis of data from 60 patients enrolled in a prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel group, multi-centre clinical trial showed that dHACM (EpiFix, MiMedx Group Inc., Marietta, GA) is superior to standard wound care (SWC) and BSS (Apligraf, Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA) in achieving complete wound closure within 4-6 weeks. Rates and time to closure at a longer time interval and factors influenci

Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cartilage in a rabbit model.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To develop an effective rabbit model of in vitro- and in vivo-derived tissue-engineered cartilage for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR). STUDY DESIGN: 1) Determination of the optimal scaffold 1% hyaluronic acid (HA), 2% HA, and polyglycolic acid (PGA) and in vitro culture time course using a pilot study of 4 by 4-mm in vitro-derived constructs analyzed on a static culture versus zero-gravity bioreactor for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, with determination of compressive modulus and histology as outcome measures. 2) Three-stage survival rabbit experiment utilizing autologous aur

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Can Diversify after Host Cell Invasion to Establish Multiple Intracellular Niches.

Within epithelial cells, Pseudomonas aeruginosa depends on its type III secretion system (T3SS) to escape vacuoles and replicate rapidly in the cytosol. Previously, it was assumed that intracellular subpopulations remaining T3SS-negative (and therefore in vacuoles) were destined for degradation in lysosomes, supported by data showing vacuole acidification. Here, we report in both corneal and bronchial human epithelial cells that vacuole-associated bacteria can persist, sometimes in the same cells as cytosolic bacteria. Using a combination of phase-contrast, confocal, and correlative light-elec

Microgel-Based 3D Bioprinting: A Convergent Strategy Integrating Material Design, Jamming Dynamics, and Biological Function.

Driven by rapid technological innovation and an increasing demand for personalized medicine, microgel-based bioprinting emerges as a versatile strategy for generating physiologically relevant tissue models and patient-specific constructs. By integrating microgel systems with 3D bioprinting, this approach enables the creation of complex, cell-laden architectures that closely recapitulate native tissue architecture and function. Pivotal to this potential are microgels that offer significant advantages over conventional hydrogel-based bioinks, including tunable rheological behavior, enhanced prin

Advances in nanomaterial-mediated CRISPR/Cas delivery: from lipid nanoparticles to vesicle-derived systems.

Gene and genome editing therapies are increasingly connected with nanomaterials, which protect and transport fragile nucleic acids and CRISPR/Cas systems through biological barriers safely and accurately. This review discusses how different nanocarriers, including lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and vesicle-derived systems, can improve delivery efficiency, cell targeting, endosomal escape, and intracellular movement for gene and genome editing. It summarizes findings from early clinical and preclinical studies, comparing several carrier types such as ionizable lipid nanoparticles, polymeric

The influence of medical audit on the management of epistaxis in three district general Hospitals.

The implementation of audit in most hospital departments in the UK has been instigated by the guidelines set out by the Royal Colleges. This paper aims to demonstrate the results of regular subregional audit meetings in the ENT departments involving three District Hospitals in East Anglia. We report the effects of audit meetings in improving the management of epistaxis, whereby a protocol for treatment and discharge was established, the duration of the nasal pack left in situ was reduced, and the material of the pack was changed.

Comparative study of four antacids.

Four antacid preparations have been studied in a stratified, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate criteria which determine patients' acceptance of this type of therapy. There was a considerable range of judgements about palatability, but preference was determined not only by factors such as the smell, taste, texture and after-taste of the preparation, but also by the order in which the antacids were tested and by the age and sex of the patient. The preparations also differed considerably in acid-neutralizing capacity and ability to bind bile salts, as well as cost. We conclude that indiv

Biomaterials from the sea: Future building blocks for biomedical applications.

Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials. The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms. This field is rapidly evolving. Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials. The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan, marine-derived collagen, and composites of different organisms of marine origin. The diversity of marine natural products, their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in t

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… Alginate Alginates are salts of alginic acid, a linear anionic polysaccharide copolymer consisting of (1–4)-linked β-mannuronic acid and α-guluronic acid monomers. Alginates form the cell walls of brown algae. … This renders alginate a potential drug for obesity management [ 47 ]. The anti-obesity effect of alginate is influenced by the conformational structure of the polysaccharide; studies have reported that the anti-obesity of enzyme-digested alginate is stronger than acid-hydrolyzed alginate [ 48 ]. …

Pharmacological treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children.

BACKGROUND: Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is characterised by the regurgitation of gastric contents into the oesophagus. GOR is a common p … clear evidence based on summary data for omeprazole, esomeprazole (in neonates), H₂antagonists, and alginates for symptom improvements (very low-certainty evidence). Further studies with longer follow-up are needed. In older children with GORD, in studies with summary data extracted, there is very low-certainty evidence that PPIs (rabeprazole and pantoprazo …

Developing the supraparticle technology for round window-mediated drug administration into the cochlea.

The semi-permeable round window membrane (RWM) is the gateway to the cochlea. Although the RWM is considered a minimally invasive and clinically accepted route for localised drug delivery to the cochlea, overcoming this barrier is challenging, hindering development of effective therapies for hearing loss. Neurotrophin 3 (NT3) is an emerging treatment option for hearing loss, but its therapeutic effect relies on sustained delivery across the RWM into the cochlea. Silica supraparticles (SPs) are drug delivery carriers capable of providing long-term NT3 delivery, when injected directly into the g

A novel solution for freezing small numbers of spermatozoa using a sperm vitrification device.

STUDY QUESTION: Does a novel sperm vitrification device (SpermVD) provide an efficient method for freezing a small number of human spermatozoa from men suffering from non-obstructive azoospermia? SUMMARY ANSWER: The novel SpermVD is an efficient and simple carrier method for freezing a small number of spermatozoa in low-volume droplets, reducing post-thaw search time from hours to minutes, allowing a 96% recovery rate and leading to successful use of sperm for fertilization. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Previous methods for cryopreservation of small numbers of human spermatozoa (e.g. mini-straws,

[Clinical significance of analysis of immunoglobulin A levels in saliva].

SALIVA COLLECTION: Whole saliva is a product of secretion of 3 major glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) and many minor glands (labial, buccal, palatal). Unstimulated saliva is usually obtained as the patient spits out every 60 sec. or by forward bended head the patient allows saliva to drip off the lower lip into a cylinder. By collection of saliva in the tube the flow rate per unit time can be measured. When volume measurement is not required the saliva can be collected on cotton rolls, gauze or filter paper. For evaluating salivary gland function or when large volumes of saliva are

Algae-Derived Bioactive Compounds as Platforms for Translational Biotechnology and Health Applications.

Marine macroalgae, microalgae, and associated microorganisms are increasingly recognised as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with applications across biotechnology and health. The environmental and ecological conditions they inhabit shape their metabolite diversity, leading to the production of high-value compounds such as sulphated polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, phenolics, and peptides. These compounds exhibit conserved biological activities that underpin potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and pro-regenerative effects with strong potential for translation. Although e

Гибридные нанопчасти на основе гиалюронной кислоты в качестве перспективных перевозчиков Интранасальной администрации диметилФумарата.

ПППОСА: Диметилфумарат (ДМФ) - пероральная терапия с релапсирующим множественным склерозом, быстро метаболизируется в монометилфумарат. Оральное управление DMF вызывает желудочно-кишечный дискомфорт, вызывая вынос лечения. Цель настоящего исследования заключается в разработке новаторской формулировки для управления носовым слоем ДМФ. Гибридные наночастицы (LPN) липидового полимера были разработаны для повышения устойчивости DMF, ограничения побочных эффектов желудочно-кишечного кишечника и увеличения биодоступности головного мозга за счет нацеливания нос на мозг.МЕТОДЫ: С помощью методов магни

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli causing diarrhea in yak calves on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: phenotypic characterization, whole-genome sequencing, and pathogenicity analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Calf diarrhea represents a major threat to yak (Bos grunniens) husbandry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where extreme environmental conditions (high altitude, low oxygen, cold temperatures) and irregular antibiotic use may accelerate the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and identify the predominant bacterial agents responsible for diarrhea in yak calves, determine their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and investigate the genomic features and pathogenicity of the most resistant strain to provide evidence-based guidance

[Determination of seven phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides in water using dispersive solid phase extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on metal-organic framework composite aerogel].

Phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides (PCAs) are difficult to degrade and, thus, pose significant threats to the environment and human health. The limit for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is 30 μg/L in China's standards for drinking water quality, 70 μg/L in the United States' drinking water standards, and 30 μg/L in the World Health Organization's guidelines for drinking water quality. Therefore, the development of an effective detection method for trace PCAs in water is a crucial endeavor. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel porous materials that possess advantages such as a large specifi