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Множественный склероз как недостаточно признанная причина острого вертиго: клинические и патофизиологические исследования.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное расстройство, которое часто вызывает острые неврологические симптомы на фазах восстановления эмиссии. В то время как моторные, сенсорные и визуальные недостатки являются широко признанными проявлениями рецидивов, остаточные симптомы, такие, как острый вертигон, головокружение и несбалансированность, являются относительно недостаточно признанными и часто создают диагностические проблемы. В этом обзоре обобщаются основные и последние данные, касающиеся острого кровеносного синдрома, связанного с НР, и его центральных патофизиологических механизмов. Небла

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently presents with acute neurological symptoms during relapsing-remitting phase … ophysiologic mechanisms. Infratentorial demyelinating plaques, most frequently localized within the pons and the middle cerebellar peduncles, disrupt large fiber systems and give rise to distinct central oculomotor signs. We highlight highly characteristic ocular motor features-including internuclear ophthalmoplegia, wall-eyed bilateral INO, and acquir …

Cardiac-induced brain tissue motion in Chiari Malformation type 1 subjects and its relationship to symptomatology, morphometrics, and surgical outcomes.

PURPOSE: To determine whether cardiac-induced brain-tissue displacement in Chiari Malformation type 1 (CMI) relates to patient symptoms, morphometrics, and surgical outcomes. METHODS: We performed cardiac-gated phase-contrast MRI in 45 adults with CMI, converting velocity measurements to voxel-wise displacement in the cerebellum, pons, medulla, and cervical cord. We examined if displacement was correlated with each symptoms of subjects, and two anatomic measurements: tonsillar position (TP) and the ratio of neural-tissue area at foramen magnum to the area of foramen magnum. In seven patients …

Multi-Territorial Ischemic Stroke Following Russell's Viper Envenomation: A Case Report.

Snake envenomation is a major health concern in tropical countries. Russell's viper, one of the "big four" venomous snakes in India, is know … in revealed multi-territorial acute infarcts involving the left parietal-temporal-occipital cortex, pons, and cerebellum. Stroke evaluation ruled out common etiologies, such as atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and vasculitis. Coagulation studies revealed evidence of venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC), suggesting that the procoagulant compone …

Whole-brain mapping of monosynaptic afferents to GABAergic neurons in the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus of mice.

The sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) is a critical hub for regulating rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and muscle atonia, with its dysf … identified as sources of direct input, with predominant projections originating from the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Ipsilateral contributions accounted for 67.99% of all traced inputs, while 32.01% were contralateral. Prominent sources included the mesencephalic reticular nucleus, superior colliculus, oral part of the pontine reticular nucleus, giga …

Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Early Diagnosis and Characterization of Movement Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of movement disorders in early stages are similar, which makes definite diagnosis difficult. Hence this study was condu … ctograms. Both single and multiple regions of interest (ROIs) were selected for tractography in the pons, midbrain, substantia nigra (SN) and cerebellum. MRI and DTI images were interpreted and correlated with confirmatory diagnosis. RESULTS: According to DTI diagnosis, out of the 30 cases, 28 had movement disorders. Among cases, 36.67% had Parkinson' …

Pharmacometabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging approach to reveal the neurochemical mechanisms of Polygala tenuifolia.

Polygala tenuifolia, commonly known as Yuanzhi (YZ) in Chinese, has been shown to possess anti-insomnia properties. However, the material ba … rations in 5-HT in the pineal gland (PG), and Ad in the brainstem, including the middle brain (MB), pons (PN), and hypothalamus (HY). In summary, this study illustrates the efficacy of an integrated multidimensional metabolomics approach in unraveling the sedative-hypnotic effects and neurochemical mechanisms of a Chinese herbal medicine, YZ.

Altered functional activity in the right superior temporal gyrus in patients with definite vestibular migraine.

BACKGROUND: Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most common causes of episodic central vestibular disorders; it is worth investigating wh … eft ITG (P = 0.024), and right frontal lobe (P < 0.001), significantly decreased ALFF values in the pons and brainstem (P = 0.013), and significantly decreased ReHo values in the frontal cortex (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with migraine, VM patients showed significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (P = 0.011) and right fron …

COVID-19 Pathology in the Lung, Kidney, Heart and Brain: The Different Roles of T-Cells, Macrophages, and Microthrombosis.

Here, we aim to describe COVID-19 pathology across different tissues to clarify the disease's pathophysiology. Lungs, kidneys, hearts, and b … e brain showed scarce SARS-CoV-2 traces, prominent microglial activation, and rare lymphocytes. The pons exhibited the highest microglial activation (p = 0.017). Microthrombosis was significantly higher in COVID-19 lungs (p = 0.023) compared with controls. The most characteristic pathological features of COVID-19 were an abundance of T-lymphocytes and …

Comparison of early F-18 Florbetaben PET/CT to Tc-99m ECD SPECT using voxel, regional, and network analysis.

This study aimed to validate early-phase F-18 Florbetaben positron emission tomography (eFBB PET) as a brain perfusion test and determine the optimal reference region. A total of 27 patients with early Parkinson's disease with Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission tomography (ECD SPECT) and FBB PET were included. Six reference regions, including whole brain (GN), pons, central white matter (CWM), whole cerebellum (WC), WC with brain stem (WC + B), and cerebellar grey matter (CG), were applied to obtain SUVR using cortex volume-of-interest (VOI). Reference regions of WC (r 0.886)…

Pontocerebellar atrophy is the hallmark neuroradiological finding in late-onset Tay-Sachs disease.

PURPOSE: Late-onset Tay-Sachs disease (LOTS) is a form of GM2 gangliosidosis, an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterize … mean superior cerebellar peduncle diameter (p = 0.0002), mesencephalon sagittal area (p = 0.0002), pons sagittal area (p < 0.0001), and larger 4th ventricle transversal diameter (p < 0.0001). Mild corpus callosum thinning (37.5%), mild cortical atrophy (18.8%), and white matter T2 hyperintensities (12.5%) were also present. CONCLUSION: Given the char …

Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses.

While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood-brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric sympt…

Altered regional homogeneity in delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning: A resting-state fMRI study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate alternations in spontaneous brain activities reflected by regional homogeneity (ReHo) in patients with delayed enc … th HCs, DEACMP patients showed significantly decreased ReHo in bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, pons, bilateral basal ganglia, while increased in the posterior cingulate, calcarine, bilateral occipital lobe(GRF correction, voxel P value <0.001, cluster P value <0.05). Negative correlation was found between Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) score …

Diagnosis of intravascular large B cell lymphoma: novel insights into clinicopathological features from 42 patients at a single institution over 20 years.

This study aimed to clarify the comprehensive clinical, laboratory, pathological and imaging features of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma … ic resonance imaging showed abnormal findings in 32/37 patients (86·4%). Hyperintense lesion in the pons was a peculiar finding that was unrelated to the neurological deficits. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a high incidence of bone marrow (26/34, 76·5%), spleen (19/34, 55·9%) and adrenal gland (9/34, 26·5%) involvement. Neur …

[Neuro-otological Studies of Patients Suffering from Dizziness with Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia after Traffic Accident-associated Whiplash Injuries].

Vertigo and dizziness are common clinical manifestations after traffic accident-associated whiplash injury. Recently, Shinonaga et al. (2001 … ive patients demonstrated the downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and flattening of the pons, which are characteristic features of CSF hypovolemia, called "brain sagging." Our results suggest that brain sagging due to CSF hypovolemia impairs vestibular and vestibulocerebellar functions, which may cause dizziness and vertigo.

Prolonged bilateral reactive miosis as a symptom of severe insulin intoxication.

BACKGROUND: Miosis occurs following exposure to toxins that decrease the sympathomimetic tone, increase the cholinergic tone, or exert sedat … tom accompanying metabolic encephalopathy in severe insulin poisoning. Functional impairment of the pons due to relative hypoperfusion during hypoglycemia may serve as a reasonable pathophysiologic explanation for this phenomenon.

fMRI study of effect on brain activity according to stimulation method at LI11, ST36: painful pressure and acupuncture stimulation of same acupoints.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess differences in brain responses between pressure and acupuncture stimulation at the same acupoint using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). SUBJECTS: A total of 10 healthy right-handed volunteers were studied. DESIGN: fMRI was performed with two different paradigms; namely, pressure and acupuncture stimulation at acupuncture points LI11 and ST36 on the left. fMRI data were analyzed using SPM2. RESULTS: In comparison with the left LI11 pressure stimulation, both sides of the parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, left side of thalamu…

[A case of brainstem encephalitis following multiple cranial neuropathy in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient--association with cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus infection].

A 72-year-old male with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma experienced general fatigue. Four days later he was admitted to our hospital because of dizziness, dysbasia and left facial palsy (day 1). On day 6, a neurological examination revealed left trigeminal neuralgia, left medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome, skew deviation, hypacusia, tongue deviation and left limb ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain including diffusion-weighted imaging showed previous lacunar infarctions at the left thalamus and pons. The immunological investigation for viral infection in hi…

Late cognitive and radiographic changes related to radiotherapy: initial prospective findings.

BACKGROUND: Assumptions about the damaging effects of radiotherapy (XRT) are based on studies in which total dose, dose fraction, treatment … ed this effect, with subcortical and deep white matter, corpus callosum, cerebellar structures, and pons accounting for these changes over time. About half of the patients demonstrated cognitive decline and treatment-related hyperintensities. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of a general cognitive decline or progression of white matter changes after …

Gamma Knife radiosurgery of brainstem gliomas.

From August 1992 until December 1999 Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) was applied to 21 patients (male to female ratio 14:7) with brainstem gliomas. Patient's median age was 23 years (8-56 years). All tumours were histologically confirmed by biopsy or open surgery: 12 low-grade gliomas and 9 malignant growths. Two lesions were located primarily in the medulla, 12 in the pons and 7 in the midbrain. A median dose of 12 Gy (9-20 Gy) was applied to the tumour margin by the median isodose of 45%. Prior to radiosurgery 4 patients were treated by conventional radiotherapy, 1 had radiotherapy and chemo…

Diverse spatial expression patterns of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase family member mRNAs during mouse development.

Cell migration and adhesion during embryonic development are complex processes which likely involve interactions among cell-surface carbohyd … amily members in developing mandible, teeth, tongue and discrete regions of the brain including the pons and migratory, differentiating neurons. Additionally, ppGaNTase-T5 accumulates in a subset of mesenchymal cells at the ventral-most portions of the E12.5 maxilla and mandible underlying the dental lamina. The unique spatiotemporal expression of the …