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Anti-carcinogenic and Anti-bacterial Properties of Selected Spices: Implications in Oral Health.

"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food", as said by the father of medicine, Hippocrates in 431 B.C. Nature has provided us with a variety of treatment modalities in the form of food. For the first 5,000 years of civilization, humans relied on herbs and foods for medicine. Only in the past 60 years have we forgotten our medicinal "roots" in favor of patented medicines. While pharmaceutical ingredients have their value, we should not overlook the well-documented, non-toxic and inexpensive healing properties of food. As an individual we consume food several times a day without a compl

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… Antioxidant properties ADT acts as an antioxidant agent by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing intracellular glutathione and glutathione S transeferase by scavenging hydroxyl radical [ 38 ]. …

Связь между окисляющим стрессом, митохондриальной дисфункцией, железным метаболизмом и микроглией в множестве склерозов: обзор нарации.

В последние годы в патогенезе множественного склероза особое внимание уделяется митохондриальным процессам, влияющим на начало заболевания. Окисляющий стресс будет одним из последствий митохондриальной дисфункции, и его воздействие на ткани мозга хорошо описано. Микроглия, как макрофаж мозга, имеет важную функцию в удалении нежелательных метаболитов, а также железа, который является усилителем окислительного стресса. Существуют новшества с точки зрения связи между этими процессами, которые в большей степени перенаправляют исследования на сам процесс нейродегенерации, с тем чтобы больше не дела

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… Free oxygen radicals are superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, but there are also nitrogen radical derivatives. In antioxidant defense, the most important enzymes are superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and heme oxygenase. … Reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals are superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, peroxyradicals, nitrogen monoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and peroxynitrate. Low levels of free radicals act as secondary messengers for signal transduction in cells. …

Окисляющий стресс и воспаление в патогенезе неврологических расстройств: механизмы и последствия.

Нейрозащита — это активный подход к защите нервной системы, включая мозг, спинной мозг и периферийные нервы, путем предотвращения или ограничения повреждения нервных клеток и других компонентов. Она защищает центральную нервную систему от повреждений от острых и прогрессивных нейродегенеративных расстройств. Окисляющий стресс, дисбаланс между естественными механизмами защиты тела и образованием реактивных видов кислорода, имеет решающее значение для развития неврологических расстройств. Из-за высокой скорости метаболизма и потребления кислорода мозг особенно уязвим к окисляющему стрессу. Чрезм

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… Excess ROS, which includes molecules such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, can damage essential biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and DNA 4 ( Fig. 1 ). … Mitochondria generates ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, managed by enzymes like Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD ( Fig. 1 ). Peroxisomes also contribute to ROS production and contain catalase to decompose hydrogen peroxide. …

Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy.

The development of anticancer therapies that involve natural drugs has undergone exponential growth in recent years. Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. The possibility of combining conventional drugs-which are usually more aggressive than natural compounds-with polyphenols offers very valuable advantages such as the building of more efficient anticancer therapies with l

Diverse antitumor effects of ascorbic acid on cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.

Ascorbic acid has attracted substantial attention for its potential antitumor effects by acting as an antioxidant in vivo and as a cofactor in diverse enzymatic reactions. However, solid proof of its clinical efficacy against cancer and the mechanism behind its effect have not been established. Moreover, cancer forms cancer-specific microenvironments and interacts with various cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), to maintain cancer growth and progression; however, the effect of ascorbic acid on the cancer microenvironment is unclear. This review discusses the effects and mechan

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… However, high pharmacological concentrations of ascorbic acid achieved via intravenous administration produce H 2 O 2 in vivo ( 18 , 33 , 34 ) and then hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction ( 35 ). …

Последствия злоупотребления наркотиками для путей ферроптоза: потенциальные терапевтические цели для расстройств, связанных с потреблением психоактивных веществ.

Серьезными проблемами в области здравоохранения во всем мире, особенно в развитых странах, по-прежнему являются расстройства, связанные с потреблением психоактивных веществ. Для ОСВ характерна устойчивая нейроинфламмация и синаптическая дисфункция мозга. Несмотря на десятилетия интенсивного расследования, детальные механизмы, лежащие в основе ВСГ, по-прежнему остаются иллюзорными. Ферроптоз — это высокорегулируемый процесс смерти клеток, на который сильно влияют метаболизм железа, пероксидация липидов, производство реактивных видов кислорода (РОС) и антиоксидантные системы. Он был связан с мно

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… The third pathway involves iron-catalyzed reactions, particularly the Fenton reaction, in which ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) converts hydrogen peroxide into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. … Superoxide is subsequently converted to H 2 O 2 generating highly reactive hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction in the presence of ferrous iron ( Waddell et al., 2022 ). …

Melatonin: Facts, Extrapolations and Clinical Trials.

Melatonin is a fascinating molecule that has captured the imagination of many scientists since its discovery in 1958. In recent times, the focus has changed from investigating its natural role as a transducer of biological time for physiological systems to hypothesized roles in virtually all clinical conditions. This goes along with the appearance of extensive literature claiming the (generally) positive benefits of high doses of melatonin in animal models and various clinical situations that would not be receptor-mediated. Based on the assumption that melatonin is safe, high doses have been a

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… For hydroxyl radical, no compound is an effective scavenger, and the antioxidant defense involves the prevention of its formation rather than its removal (see discussions in [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]). … Melatonin, hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage, and aging: A hypothesis J. Pineal Res. 1993 14 151 168 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00498.x 8102180 71. Forman H.J. Davies K.J.A. Ursini F. …

Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management.

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine

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… Ligustrazine can also decrease hydroxyl radicals in hypothalamic regions of the brain to generate antioxidant activities (Model: microdialysis in the hypothalamus of rabbit brain; Dosage: 10, 20, 40 mg/kg) ( Chang et al., 2013 ). … Tetrandrine efficiently eliminated hydroxyl radicals and caused a significant inhibition on freshly fractured quartz-induced lipid peroxidation (Dosage: 60 mM) ( Shi et al., 1995 ). …

The Redox Paradox of Natural Supplements in Cancer: A Narrative Review to Guide Clinical Practice.

Supplements are widely perceived as safe and beneficial; yet in oncology, this assumption is questionable. Clinical trials over the past few decades have often produced disappointing results, raising a critical question: are these agents used correctly, or could they inadvertently cause harm? This review examines supplements frequently used in cancer care-such as oral vitamin C, berberine, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin D, vitamin E, melatonin, polyphenols, alpha-lipoic acid, selenium, and coenzyme Q10-which can act as tumor suppressors or promoters depending on dose, route, and disease stage. We e

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… By reducing ferric iron (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), it can promote Fenton chemistry and hydroxyl radical formation in the presence of H 2 O 2 [ 72 ]. … It chelates metal ions (Fe 2+ /Cu 2+ ) via its 3-OH and 4-oxo groups, blocking the Fenton reaction, which is responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals [ 89 ]. …

Utilization of redox modulating small molecules that selectively act as pro-oxidants in cancer cells to open a therapeutic window for improving cancer therapy.

There is a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the notion that differential oxidative metabolism in cancer versus normal cells represents a metabolic frailty that can be exploited to open a therapeutic window into cancer therapy. These cancer cell-specific metabolic frailties may be amenable to manipulation with non-toxic small molecule redox active compounds traditionally thought to be antioxidants. In this review we describe the potential mechanisms and clinical applicability in cancer therapy of four small molecule redox active agents: melatonin, vitamin E, selenium, and vitamin C

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… The H 2 O 2 produced is also able to rapidly interact with catalytically active ferrous iron in classical Fenton chemistry (Equation (4) ) to produce the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO • ) and cause further cellular damage. … A novel melatonin metabolite, cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin: a biomarker of in vivo hydroxyl radical generation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998 Dec 30;253(3):614–620. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9826. 25. Galano A., Tan D.X., Reiter R.J. …

Adjuvant Properties of Caffeic Acid in Cancer Treatment.

Caffeic acid (CA) is a polyphenol belonging to the phenylpropanoid family, commonly found in plants and vegetables. It was first identified by Hlasiwetz in 1867 as a breakdown product of caffetannic acid. CA is biosynthesized from the amino acids tyrosine or phenylalanine through specific enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Extensive research since its discovery has revealed various health benefits associated with CA, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These effects are attributed to its ability to modulate several pathways, such as inhibiting NFkB, STAT3, and ERK

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

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… Ionizing radiation acts directly or indirectly through water radiolysis, producing ROS like hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroperoxyl radicals 11 . … If unchecked, hydrogen peroxide reacts with iron, forming highly reactive hydroxyl radicals that tilt the balance toward damage 12 . Antioxidants that neutralise free radicals can prevent DNA damage. Genistein (from soy) scavenges radicals and enhances DNA repair. …

Oxidative Stress and Cancer: Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin and Analogues Against Cancer.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of bioactive molecules that are the by-products of many cellular functions. These molecules are present in normal cells at homeostatic levels but have been studied extensively in cancer due to their dysregulation resulting in pro- and anti-tumorigenic environments. Completely understanding the paradoxical nature of ROS in cancer is imperative to fully realize its modulation as cancer therapy. Studies into ROS have shown far-reaching effects in cancer, including how ROS levels regulate signaling, response to treatment, drug resistance, etc. Many drugs w

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… INTRODUCTION Reactive Oxygen Species Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are chemically reactive species containing diatomic oxygen, including peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen. 1 ROS is an over-arching term for derivatives of molecular oxygen that were originally thought to be … ROS can include radicals, molecules with an unpaired electron, such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, or non-radical molecules, like hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. …

Кинуреньенс и митохондриальные расстройства в многоразовом склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией в центральной нервной системе. Патогенез MS связан с иммунной атаки на миелин и нейроны, сопровождаемой дисфункцией мозга в крови и хроническим воспалением CNS. Центральное значение для патологии MS имеет дисрегулирование кинуреньинового пути, который метаболизирует триптофан в нейроактивные соединения. Активация Kynurenin Translation (KP) под воздействием подстрекательских цитокинов приводит к образованию как нейрозащитных (например, кинуриновой кислоты, КИНА),

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… Oxidative damage: QUIN acts as a potent pro-oxidant, catalysing the formation of hydroxyl radicals through metal chelation (e.g., Fe 2+ ) and subsequent Fenton reactions [ 12 ]. … In MS lesions, 3-HK can damage cells by oxidative mechanisms—it readily undergoes auto-oxidation to produce hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Oligodendrocytes are particularly susceptible to 3-HK-induced oxidative apoptosis due to their low antioxidant defences [ 9 ]. …

A Review of Resveratrol as a Potent Chemoprotective and Synergistic Agent in Cancer Chemotherapy.

Background: Cancer has become a major disease endangering human health around the world. Conventional chemotherapy suffers from many side effects including pain, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and renal toxicity. This review aims to describe a natural product of resveratrol as a chemoprotective and synergistic agent in the modulation of cancer chemotherapy. Methods: The publications were identified by comprehensive searching of SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, and our own reference library. Search terms included combinations of "resveratrol," "cancer," "natural products," "chemotherapy," an

Iron deprivation in cancer--potential therapeutic implications.

Iron is essential for normal cellular function. It participates in a wide variety of cellular processes, including cellular respiration, DNA synthesis, and macromolecule biosynthesis. Iron is required for cell growth and proliferation, and changes in intracellular iron availability can have significant effects on cell cycle regulation, cellular metabolism, and cell division. Perhaps not surprisingly then, neoplastic cells have been found to have higher iron requirements than normal, non-malignant cells. Iron depletion through chelation has been explored as a possible therapeutic intervention i

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… Iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation. Stringent requirement for free iron coordination site. J. Biol. Chem. 1984;259:3620–3624. 6. Cairo G., Recalcati S. Iron-regulatory proteins: Molecular biology and pathophysiological implications. Expert Rev. Mol. …

Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment.

Chemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals

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… It has also been demonstrated that CGA can scavenge radicals present in our bodies like hydroxyl radical (·OH) and nitric oxide radical (NO) [ 141 , 142 ]. … Effect of chlorogenic acid on hydroxyl radical. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2003;247:205–210. doi: 10.1023/A:1024103428348. 142. Kono Y., Shibata H., Kodama Y., Sawa Y. The suppression of the N-nitrosating reaction by chlorogenic acid. Pt 3Biochem. J. 1995;312:947–953. doi: 10.1042/bj3120947. 143. …

Oxidative Stress in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenic Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Redox-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy characterized by high metabolic activity, chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress, and persistent redox imbalance. Excessive immunoglobulin synthesis and adaptation to the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment lead to sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Their excessive accumulation promotes genomic instability, disease progression, osteolytic bone disease, and resistance to therapy. Paradoxically, MM cells adapt to oxidative stress by activating antioxidant and metabolic defense mechanisms, including Nuclear factor ery

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… Redox Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cells ROS comprise both free radicals, such as superoxide anion (O 2 • − ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH), and non-radical molecules, including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). … Its antioxidant activity is comparable to that of vitamins C and E; it neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, including the hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and superoxide anion radical, and also increases glutathione levels. …

Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target.

In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells. Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is fundamental for bioenergetics. Nevertheless, tumor microenvironment is frequently characterized by low-oxygen conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a pivotal modulator of the metabolic reprogramming which takes place in hypoxic cancer cells. In the hub of cellular bioenergetics, mitochondria are key players in regulating cellular energy. Therefore, a close crosstalk between mitochondria and HIF-1 underl

Окисляющий/нетрозирующий стресс, апоптоз и сигнализация " Redox " : основные игроки в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья, которая оказывает глубокое воздействие на качество и продолжительность жизни миллионов людей. Эти заболевания характеризуются патологическими изменениями в различных областях мозга, конкретными генетическими мутациями, связанными с болезнью, залежами аномальных белков и дегенерацией неврологических клеток. Поскольку нейродегенеративные расстройства различаются по своим эпидемиологическим характеристикам и степени уязвимости нейронов, лечение этих заболеваний обычно направлено на замедление развития заболеваний.

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… Compounds that serve as sources of ROS include oxygen‐derived molecules such as superoxide (O 2 •− ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (•OH), ozone, and singlet oxygen. … Mitochondrial defense mechanisms, such as antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), can be employed to counterbalance the detrimental effects of H 2 O 2 , or the presence of ionic iron can lead to the formation of secondary free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical (•OH) [ 72 ]. …