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Retrospective analysis of the preparation and application of immunotherapy in cancer treatment (Review).

Monoclonal antibody technology plays a vital role in biomedical and immunotherapy, which greatly promotes the study of the structure and function of genes and proteins. To date, monoclonal antibodies have gone through four stages: murine monoclonal antibody, chimeric monoclonal antibody, humanised monoclonal antibody and fully human monoclonal antibody; thousands of monoclonal antibodies have been used in the fields of biology and medicine, playing a special role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of disease. In this review, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of hybridoma te

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… However, with the optimisation of preparation techniques and the production of numerous mAb drugs (such as abciximab and rituximab) over the years, the scope of application of mAbs has gradually broadened, and they have been widely used in immune checkpoint therapy, targeted tumour therapy, radioimmunotherapy … Abciximab, a Fab fragment of a chimeric mAb, functions as a GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist to significantly decrease the size of coronary artery aneurysms in children with Kawasaki disease by promoting vascular remodelling, and decrease the risk to go through early stent thrombosis in diabetic patients …

Antiplatelet agents for chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet agents are widely used to prevent cardiovascular events. The risks and benefits of antiplatelet agents may be diffe … comparisons of antiplatelet drugs, including prasugrel, ticagrelor, different doses of clopidogrel, abciximab, defibrotide, sarpogrelate and beraprost. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet agents probably reduced myocardial infarction and increased major bleeding, but do not appear to reduce all-cause and cardiovascular death among people with CKD and those …

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently treated by balloon angioplasty. Restenosis/reocclusion of the dilated segments o … el and aspirin resulted in fewer major bleeding episodes compared with LMWH plus warfarin, and that abciximab resulted in more severe bleeding episodes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence suggesting that restenosis/reocclusion at six months following peripheral endovascular treatment is reduced by use of antiplatelet drugs compared with placeb …

[Update cardiology 2001/2002-part II. From unstable coronary syndrome to terminal heart failure].

The cardiovascular continuum describes the way from risk factors to atherosclerosis, acute cardiovascular events (unstable angina and myocardial infarction), and development of terminal heart failure and its complications. Following this way, advances are reported in the therapy of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, and stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale. The following issues are reported in detail: (1) significance of statins and statin withdrawal, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker, acute coronary interventions, aspirin an

Simultaneous kissing stents (SKS) technique for treating bifurcation lesions in medium-to-large size coronary arteries.

The treatment of bifurcation lesions (BLs) is associated with high procedural complication and restenosis rates. Two techniques of BL interventions were compared: the simultaneous kissing stents (SKS) technique, involving 2 stents, 1 in the main vessel and 1 in the side branch (n = 100), and the conventional stent strategy (CSS) technique, involving a stent in the main vessel and provisional stenting for the side branch (n = 100). In-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events were greater in the CSS group, with significantly less procedure time with the SKS technique. The incidence of ta

Low-molecular-weight heparin and other antithrombotic agents in the setting of a fast-track revascularization in unstable coronary artery disease.

Revascularization procedures and particularly percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are being performed more and more often in patients with unstable coronary artery disease, despite the fact that these procedures are known to carry a higher risk in such patients than in those with stable disease. This article reviews studies that have investigated the potential of modern antithrombotic therapy -- low-molecular-weight heparin, anti-Xa agents, direct antithrombin inhibitors and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors -- to reduce the post-procedural event rate in such patients. The results ar

Precision medicine and monoclonal antibodies: breach of promise?

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… International nonproprietary name* | Approval year | Main indications Abciximab | 1995 | prevention of cardiac ischemic complications, unstable angina Basiliximab | 1998 | prevention of kidney transplant rejection Palivizumab | 1999 | prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection Infliximab | 1999 …

[Treatment of acute stroke -- an overview].

This paper provides an overview on the actual state of acute therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. The discussion focusses on intravenous and intraarterial thrombolysis, antithrombotic therapy, and the treatment of medical and neurological complications, and therapy recommendations are presented. Finally ongoing studies, particularly those concerning thrombolysis with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis, are presented.

Doubly blind: a systematic review of gender in randomised controlled trials.

BackgroundAlthough observational data show social characteristics such as gender or socio-economic status to be strong predictors of health, their impact is seldom investigated in randomised controlled studies (RCTs).Objective & designUsing a random sample of recent RCTs from high-impact journals, we examined how the most often recorded social characteristic, sex/gender, is considered in design, analysis, and interpretation. Of 712 RCTs published from September 2008 to 31 December 2013 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, Lancet, Canadian Medical Association Journal, or

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… anaemia but increased side effects | N =2,746 Sex unspecified Documented water source, sewage system, household income | Could have considered whether giving supplements might change food offered to infants and particularly to girls Thiele (public/industry) ( 67 ) | Comparison of intra-coronary versus IV abciximab … Intracoronary versus intravenous bolus abciximab during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2012;379:923–31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61872-2. 68. …

[From risk factors to symptomatic coronary artery disease. Update cardiology 2001/2002--part I].

The cardiovascular continuum describes the way from risk factors to atherosclerosis, acute cardiovascular events (unstable angina and myocardial infarction), and development of terminal heart failure and its complications. Following this way, advances are reported in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, in noninvasive diagnostics and revascularization of coronary artery disease, and in new therapeutic options of acute myocardial infarction. The following issues are reported in detail: (1) significance of statins, inhibition of platelet aggregation and vitamins in primary and secondary pre

Livedoid vasculopathy: A multidisciplinary clinical approach to diagnosis and management.

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a rare, chronic, and occlusive disease of the veins supplying the upper parts of the skin. The pathogenesis of the disease is not precisely understood, and its attacks are often unpredictable but tend to worsen during the summer. LV affects women more often. This increased risk for LV in women might be related to sex-specific physiological conditions, such as pregnancy, or a higher incidence of LV-associated conditions, such as connective tissue diseases, hypercoagulable states, and venous stasis in women. The typical clinical appearance of LV consists of three ma

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… dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort Beraprost sodium ( Tsutsui et al., 1996 ) Analog of PGI2; stable, orally active prostacyclin analog with vasodilatory, antiplatelet and cytoprotective effects 120 μg/day initially and at a dose of 60 μg/d subsequently Headache, flushing, diarrhea, leg pain, and nausea Abciximab … gastrointestinal discomfort Beraprost sodium ( Tsutsui et al., 1996 ) | Analog of PGI2; stable, orally active prostacyclin analog with vasodilatory, antiplatelet and cytoprotective effects | 120 μg/day initially and at a dose of 60 μg/d subsequently | Headache, flushing, diarrhea, leg pain, and nausea Abciximab …

Novel therapies in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a consumptive thrombocytopenia, as a result of severe deficiency of ADAMTS13. The standard of care of the acute episode is treatment with plasma exchange and immunosuppression. After the acute episode is resolved, patients face a significant risk of relapse and long-term complications associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. Novel treatments have been under development and will be discussed in this review. Caplacizumab, a nanobody that blocks the interaction between VWF and plat

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… This is expected, as the A1 domain of VWF is exposed only under high‐shear conditions seen in small vessels, suggesting that there may be lower bleeding risk when compared to other antithrombotic agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel and abciximab. 20 , 21 A randomized, multicenter, phase II trial (TITAN …

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current and emerging treatment options.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a genetic platelet surface receptor disorder of GPIIb/IIIa (ITG αIIbβ3), either qualitative or quantitative, which results in faulty platelet aggregation and diminished clot retraction. Spontaneous mucocutaneous bleeding is common and can lead to fatal bleeding episodes. Control and prevention of bleeding among patients with GT is imperative, and remains challenging. Local measures, including anti-fibrinolytic therapy, with or without platelet transfusions, used to be the mainstay of therapy. However, in recent years the use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa

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… In a case report done by Blickstein et al, a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented in adulthood with degrees of mucocutaneous bleeding secondary to antibody production against GPIIb/IIIa. 5 Also, some anti-thrombotic therapies use αIIbβ3 antagonists, such as abciximab, eptifibatide, and …

Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment.

Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate cancer cells. The successful application of IgG monoclonal antibodies has inspired the development of various types of therapeutic antibodies, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibody derivatives (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates and immunocytokines). The miniaturization and multifunctionalization of antibodies are flexible and viable strategies for diagnosing or treating malignant tumors in a complex t

Passive Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Therapies

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… Abciximab c7Ec Fab ReoPro FDA 1994 EU 1995 (country-specific approval) Human-murine chimera Recombinant monoclonal IgG1 Fab Procedure modification High-risk coronary intervention Platelet aggregation inhibitor Intravenous Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (CD41 7E3)/Intergrin α-IIb Abituzumab DI17E6 …

Emerging disease-modifying therapies for sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease afflicts millions of people worldwide and approximately 100,000 Americans. Complications are myriad and arise as a result of complex pathological pathways 'downstream' to a point mutation in DNA, and include red blood cell membrane damage, inflammation, chronic hemolytic anemia with episodic vaso-occlusion, ischemia and pain, and ultimately risk of cumulative organ damage with reduced lifespan of affected individuals. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's 2014 evidence-based guideline for sickle cell disease management states that additional research is needed bef

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… it did not improve time to resolution of vaso-occlusive episodes or hospital discharge. 97 A secondary analysis of these data did, however, reveal that eptifibatide reduced ADP-dependent platelet aggregation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and inflammatory cytokines. 98 Another GPIIb/IIIa-inhibitor, abciximab …

Моноклональные антитела: от волшебной пули до точного оружия.

Моноклональные антитела (mAbs) используются для профилактики, обнаружения и лечения широкого спектра неинфекционных и инфекционных заболеваний. За последние несколько лет рынок МП рос экспоненциально, при этом ожидаемый совокупный годовой прирост (CAGR) составил 11.07% от 2024 (В тыс.237.64 млрд. долл. США на конец 2023) к 2033 (В тыс.679.03 млрд. долл. США к концу 2033). С момента появления технологии гибридомы 1975, терапия на базе антител была реализована с использованием муринных антител, которые стали еще более гуманизированными и полностью человеческими антителами, что уменьшило риск имм

The Role of Platelet Dysfunctions in the Pathogenesis of the Hemostatic-Coagulant System Imbalances.

Platelet dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various disorders affecting the hemostatic-coagulant system. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which platelet dysfunctions contribute to the disruption of hemostasis, leading to an increased risk of both thrombosis and bleeding. Platelets, traditionally known for their role in clot formation, can exhibit altered functionality under pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases, impacting their interaction with coagulation factors and vascular endothelium. The re

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… Drug-specific DDAbs—Target drugs containing murine components (e.g., abciximab), leading to immune-mediated platelet clearance. Autoantibody mechanism—Drug-induced antibodies, such as those from gold therapy, persistently bind to platelets even in the absence of the drug. …

Current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of femoral-popliteal arterial disease. A systematic review.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis affecting 5 million adults in the United States, with an age-adjusted prevalence of 4% to 15% and increasing up to 30% with age and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. In this article we focus on lower extremity PAD and specifically on the superficial femoral and proximal popliteal artery (SFPA), which are the most common anatomic locations of lower extremity atherosclerosis. We summarize current evidence and perform a systematic review on the diagnostic evaluation as well as the medical, endovascular and s

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… The use of alternative antithrombotic agents during peripheral vascular interventions, such as low molecular weight heparin or adjunctive abciximab for complex lesions, has been investigated with equivocal results. …

Exploring the Emerging Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Thrombosis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, but their association with thrombosis presents significant clinical challenges. Patients with cancer already exhibit elevated risks for venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis, with treatment modalities like chemotherapy further exacerbating this risk. Emerging evidence suggests that ICIs contribute to thrombotic events through multifactorial mechanisms, including immune dysregulation, T cell activation, endothelial dysfunction, elevated tissue factor expression, and impaired fibrinolysis. Additional risk factors

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… Current antiplatelet agents, such as P2Y12 receptor antagonists (clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor), thrombin-activated receptor-1 antagonists, and αIIbβ3 inhibitors (abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban), exhibit strong antithrombotic effects but are limited in clinical use due to bleeding risks …