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Bombyx mori RPS3 participates in the UV damage repair of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus by interacting with Bm65.

UV radiation in sunlight easily causes the inactivation of baculovirus biopesticides. However, the DNA repair mechanisms of most baculoviruses after UV radiation remain unclear. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) Bm65 has been proven to be a specific endonuclease that cleaves UV-induced DNA damage, which is crucial for UV damage repair of viruses. Here, we further explored the relationship between host ribosomal protein Bombyx mori RPS3 (BmRPS3), viral protein Bm65 and UV radiation. Our results showed that BmRPS3 was mainly located in the cytoplasm, not aggregated at the sites of viral D

Viral RNA and infectious virus in mucosal specimens from guinea pigs modelling early phases of lethal and non-lethal Lassa fever.

Lassa fever (LF) is endemic to broad regions of West Africa. Infection with Lassa virus (LASV), the etiologic agent of LF, results in a spectrum of clinical signs in humans, including severe and lethal hemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person transmission occurs through direct contact with body fluids or contaminated bedding and clothing. To investigate transmission risk in acute LASV infection, we evaluated viral RNA and infectious virus obtained from conjunctival, nasal, oral, genital, and rectal swab specimens from guinea pigs modelling lethal and non-lethal LF. Viral RNA and infectious virus

[Apoptosis and human viral infections].

Homeostasis of cell numbers in tissues is maintained by a critical balance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death or apoptosis. Many human viruses are able to develop suitable strategies for modifying apoptosis in virus-infected cells and in virus-primed T cells. Apoptosis is characterized by the fragmentation of nuclear DNA into 180-200 bp apoptotic bodies and can be analysed microscopically or by flow cytometry using staining with various dyes. Moreover DNA cleavage can be identified by electrophoresis and by specific labeling using in situ nucleotidyltransferase assay (ISNT),

Phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purine as inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus DNA synthesis.

A selected number of antiviral compounds which have been previously shown to inhibit the replication of DNA viruses or retroviruses were examined for their inhibitory effects on human hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA synthesis. The assay system was based on the use of a human hepatoblastoma cell line (HB611) that continuously synthesizes HBV DNA. The following phosphonylmethoxyalkyl-purine derivatives were found to inhibit HBV DNA synthesis: 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxyethyl)-2',6'-diaminopurine (PMEDAP), (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine …

Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade.

After the European colonization of the Americas, there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it to DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel

Polyomaviruses and human diseases.

Polyomaviruses are small, nonenveloped DNA viruses, which are widespread in nature. In immunocompetent hosts, the viruses remain latent after primary infection. With few exceptions, illnesses associated with these viruses occur in times of immune compromise, especially in conditions that bring about T cell deficiency. The human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV are known to cause, respectively, hemorrhagic cystitis in recipients of bone marrow transplantation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised patients, for example, by HIV infection. Recently, transplant nephropathy d…

Search for viral nucleic acid sequences in brain tissues of patients with schizophrenia using nested polymerase chain reaction.

BACKGROUND: We used polymerase chain reaction to search for nucleic acid sequences of several viruses in DNA and RNA extracted from brain tissues of schizophrenic and control subjects. METHODS: We extracted DNA and RNA templates from frozen brain specimens of 31 patients with schizophrenia and 23 nonschizophrenic control patients with other diseases. The extracts were subjected to polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers for 12 different viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpesvirus type 6, varicellazoster virus, measles virus, mump

Co-infection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in human tumorigenesis.

Viral infections contribute to approximately 12% of cancers worldwide, with the vast majority occurring in developing countries and areas. Two DNA viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), are associated with 38% of all virus-associated cancers. The probability of one patient infected with these two distinct types of viruses is increasing. Here, we summarize the co-infection of EBV and HPV in human malignancies and address the possible mechanisms for the co-infection of EBV and HPV during tumorigenesis.

Phylogeny of the Varidnaviria Morphogenesis Module: Congruence and Incongruence With the Tree of Life and Viral Taxonomy.

Double-stranded DNA viruses of the realm Varidnaviria (formerly PRD1-adenovirus lineage) are characterized by homologous major capsid proteins (MCPs) containing one (kingdom: Helvetiavirae) or two β-barrel domains (kingdom: Bamfordvirae) known as the jelly roll folds. Most of them also share homologous packaging ATPases (pATPases). Remarkably, Varidnaviria infect hosts from the three domains of life, suggesting that these viruses could be very ancient and share a common ancestor. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary history of Varidnaviria based on single and concatenated phylogenies of their MC…

Generating viral metagenomes from the coral holobiont.

Reef-building corals comprise multipartite symbioses where the cnidarian animal is host to an array of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, and the viruses that infect them. These viruses are critical elements of the coral holobiont, serving not only as agents of mortality, but also as potential vectors for lateral gene flow, and as elements encoding a variety of auxiliary metabolic functions. Consequently, understanding the functioning and health of the coral holobiont requires detailed knowledge of the associated viral assemblage and its function. Currently, the most tractable way of uncove

[Investigation of the role of ribonuclease L gene in the response of tonsil tissues against viral infections].

Mutations or variants that impair function of ribonuclease L (RNase-L), particularly R462Q, have been proposed as susceptibility factors for the innate antiviral response. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the expression levels of RNase-L and mutation of R462Q in the tonsils of tonsillectomy patients who were infected and not infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6). Six tonsils were included in the study. One tonsil was infected with all of these three viruses, two were infected with at least one of these v

CRISPR Genome Editing Technology and its Application in Genetic Diseases: A Review.

Gene therapy has been a long lasting goal for scientists, and there are many optimal methods and tools to correct disease-causing mutations in humans. Recently, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology has been progressively adopted for the assessment a treatment of human diseases, including thalassemia, Parkinson's disease, cystic fibrosis, glaucoma, Huntington's disease, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). CRISPR sequences belong to the bacterial immune system, which includes the nuclease Cas enzyme and an R

Diversity of fecal viromes and zoonotic risk assessment in captive wild felids using viral metagenomics.

Emerging viral diseases-particularly zoonotic pathogens-affect the health and conservation of endangered felids, including Panthera tigris altaica (Amur tiger) and Panthera pardus (leopard). To address this challenge, we employed a viromics approach to investigate the diversity of the fecal virome in wild felids and assess its zoonotic potential. Using in-depth metagenomic sequencing and analysis of fecal samples from captive wild felids housed in a wildlife institution, this study characterized the enteric virome and evaluated associated risks. A total of 18 viral families and 48 viral genera

Duck cGAS inhibits DNA and RNA virus replication by activating IFNs and antiviral ISGs.

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) is a pivotal adaptor of the signaling pathways involving the pattern recognition receptors and plays an impor … erpart. Knockdown of the endogenous du-cGAS by specific sgRNA strongly increased the replication of DNA viruses, including duck adenovirus B2 (DAdV B2) and duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV). However, the knockout did not impair the replication of novel duck reovirus (NDRV), an RNA virus. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of type I interferon …

HMMPolish: a coding region polishing tool for TGS-sequenced RNA viruses.

Access to accurate viral genomes is important to downstream data analysis. Third-generation sequencing (TGS) has recently become a popular platform for virus sequencing because of its long read length. However, its per-base error rate, which is higher than next-generation sequencing, can lead to genomes with errors. Polishing tools are thus needed to correct errors either before or after sequence assembly. Despite promising results of available polishing tools, there is still room to improve the error correction performance to perform more accurate genome assembly. The errors, particularly tho

Synthesis and antiviral activity of certain 9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine-6-carboxamides.

To examine the structural parameters necessary for antiviral efficacy of certain purine nucleosides, several 9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine-6- … y homolytic acylation of the parent nucleoside. These compounds were tested against several RNA and DNA viruses in cell culture. 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosylpurine-6-carboxamide (6a), the corresponding 6-thiocarboxamide (7b), and 4-amino-8-(beta-D-ribofuranosylamino)pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine (8) showed significant in vitro antiviral activity at nontoxic dosage leve …

Reducing eukaryotic viruses while preserving the phageome to achieve a safer virome for fecal virome transplantation.

The virome plays a significant role in maintaining the gut health of the host. Fecal virome transplantation (FVT), a burgeoning therapeutic strategy, holds promise in regulating intestinal microecology and treating associated diseases. However, the presence of eukaryotic viruses in FVT poses potential risks, which may compromise its safety and efficacy. This study leverages the key distinction between bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses-namely, the presence or absence of an envelope-to reduce the burden of eukaryotic viruses in samples via solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment, while preserving

Неврологические последствия заболеваний поксивирусом: патогенез, нейротропизм и клинические проявления.

Poxviridae — разнородная семейство двухструнных вирусов ДНК, исторически значимых для таких заболеваний, как оспа, вызванная вирусом вариолы (VARV). Эти вирусы отличаются уникальными цитоплазмическими стратегиями репликации, крупными геномами, кодирующими множество белков, и способностью вызывать серьезные резкие и системные заболевания. В последнее время внимание было сосредоточено на их нейротропическом потенциале, включая механизмы вторжения CNS, ущерб, причиненный иммунным путем, и такие клинические проявления, как энцефалит и миелит. В настоящем обзоре обобщены текущие знания о оксивирусн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Poxviridae is a diverse family of double-stranded DNA viruses, historically significant for diseases like smallpox caused by variola virus (VARV). These viruses exhibit unique cytoplasmic replication strategies, large genomes encoding numerous proteins, and the ability to cause severe cutaneous and systemic diseases. Recent attention has focused on their neu…

Library strategies differentially shape microbial, functional, and host signals in clinical metagenomic sequencing.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is increasingly used in infectious disease diagnostics, yet how library preparation shapes the … rvation of infection-associated host immune signatures. DNAlib showed stronger baseline recovery of DNA viruses and broader host genome coverage, whereas the TNAlib workflow evaluated here largely behaved as an intermediate strategy rather than a consistent improvement over dedicated DNA- or RNA-based workflows. Together, these results establish that the libr …