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Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer.

The zoonotic origin of the COVID-19 pandemic virus highlights the need to fill the vast gaps in our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution in non-human hosts. Here, we detected that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times in Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2-8 months, disseminating across hundreds of kilometers. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how SARS-CoV-2 evolution is not only three-times faster in white-tailed deer compared to the rate observed in humans …

Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in Scottish wild deer: Prevalence and risk factors.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a recognised threat to global health. Obtaining data on the prevalence of AMR in environmental bacteria is key to understanding drivers and routes of transmission. Here, 325 Shiga toxin negative deer faecal samples-gathered from across the Scottish mainland-were screened for the presence of AMR Escherichia coli and investigated for potential risk factors associated with AMR occurrence. E. coli with resistance to antimicrobials of clinical health concern, including carbapenems and 3rd generation cephalosporins, were targeted. Ninety-nine percent of samples yiel…

First record of traumatic myiasis obtained from forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Myiasis is an infestation of maggots on living tissue in humans and animals all over the world. It is known to occur in wild animals, while no information is reported in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). During our research on the conservation of forest musk deer, we found a new record of traumatic myiasis of an injured forest musk deer. The flies are likely Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus, 1758) according to the results of DNA barcoding technology. We report traumatic myiasis of forest musk deer for the first time, which expands the information on parasite and myiasis of forest musk deer and c…

Powassan/Deer Tick Virus and Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection in Wisconsin Tick Populations.

Powassan/Deer Tick Virus (POWV/DTV) is an emerging cause of arboviral neuroinvasive disease in the upper Midwest. These studies describe the prevalence and geographic distribution of Wisconsin ticks carrying POWV/DTV as well as the high frequency of Ixodes scapularis ticks coinfected with both POWV/DTV and Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. These findings suggest that concurrent transmission of POWV/DTV and B. Burgdorferi from coinfected ticks is likely to occur in humans.

Anatomical distribution of Mycobacterium bovis genotypes in experimentally infected white-tailed deer.

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (WTD). Natural infection of WTD with M. bovis is most closely mimicked by instilling inoculum into palatine tonsillar crypts. One hundred fifty days after intratonsillar inoculation, M. bovis was cultured from 30 tissues originating from 14 deer. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the original inoculum, single colonies subcultured from the original inoculum, and M. bovis isolated from each culture positive tissue. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified by comparing the derived sequences to the re…

Long-Term Dynamics of Coxiella burnetii in Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus).

Several aspects of the dynamics of Coxiella burnetii that are relevant for the implementation of control strategies in ruminant herds with endemic Q fever are unknown. We designed a longitudinal study to monitor the dynamics of exposure to C. burnetii in a red deer herd with endemic infection in order to allow the design of Q fever-specific control approaches. Other relevant aspects of the dynamics of C. burnetii - the effect of herd immune status, age, season, and early infection on exposure, the average half-life of antibodies, the presence and duration of maternal humoral immunity, and the …

Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii has not been detected previously in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We tested whole blood from 60 white-tailed deer for Bartonella spp. DNA; three (5%) were positive for Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. This is the first detection of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in white-tailed deer.

Sarcoptic mange in red deer from Spain: improved surveillance or disease emergence?

Concern about emerging diseases has risen in recent years, and multihost situations have become increasingly relevant for wildlife management and conservation. We present data on Asturias, northern Spain, where 80 mangy red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been found since the beginning of the epizootic in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) in 1993. We combine field and necropsy data with the results of a serosurvey using an in-house ELISA test to evaluate if deer mange due to Sarcoptes scabiei is an emerging disease in this area. The mean number of deer mange cases per year was 5, with a maximum o…

Nasal bots and lice from white-tailed deer in southern Alberta, Canada.

Heads of 64 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, harvested in the vicinity of Magrath, Alberta, Canada, (49 degrees 24'782''N, 112 degrees 52'113''W) were examined for the presence of nasal bots and lice. The deer were collected between 8-30 January 2004 as part of a government-approved herd reduction protocol. The entire surface of each head was scanned visually for the presence of lice. Each head was split longitudinally, and the nasal passages, sinuses, and ethmoid region were washed for recovery of nasal bots. First instar Cephenemyia spp. were recovered from 17 heads (27%). I…

Eastern equine encephalitis in a free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed in a free-ranging, adult, male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Houston County, Georgia, USA, in July 2001. The yearling buck had neurologic disease and died during transport to our diagnostic facility. Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) was isolated in Vero cell culture and identified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; as well, EEEV antigen was detected in brain by immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of fatal EEEV infection in a white-tailed deer. Antibodies to EEEV were demonstrated by microtiter…

Сокращение вариаций между популяциями северных оленей на автосомном микроспутнике.

Для того чтобы определить, свободно ли протекают гены между популяциями рикодовых клещей Восточной Северной Америки, и определить, были ли изобилие северных популяций этих переносчиков болезни Лайма и других зоонотических инфекций недавно вызваны небольшой когортой предков-основателей, мы описали аллели ядерных микроспутников IR27 в клещах, отобранных из географических крайностей их дальности. Эти аллели микроспутников делят население на юго-востоке, северо-центральном и северо-востоке Соединенных Штатов, соответственно. Хотя явные гетерозигиозные генотипы являются столь же частыми, как и в сл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
To determine whether genes flow freely between populations of the Ixodes ricinus-like ticks of eastern North America, and to determine wheth … ar microsatellite marker correspond to those evident at a mitochondrial locus and indicate that the deer ticks of the Northeast and upper Midwest are genetically isolated from those in the Southeast. The Ixodes ricinus-like ticks that impose a public health burden in the northeastern and northcentral United States originated recently in a common founde …

Complement-mediated killing of Borrelia burgdorferi by nonimmune sera from sika deer.

Various species of cervid deer are the preferred hosts for adult, black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus) in the United States. Although frequently exposed to the agent of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), these animals, for the most part, are incompetent as transmission reservoirs. We examined the borreliacidal activity of normal and B. burgdorferi-immune sera from sika deer (Cervus nippon) maintained in a laboratory setting and compared it to that of similar sera from reservoir-competent mice and rabbits. All normal deer sera (NDS) tested killed > 90% of B. burgdorferi…

Cysticerci (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in southern Florida.

Metacestodes (cysticerci) of Taenia omissa Lühe, 1910, and Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1776, were found in 9 and 1 of 124 white-tailed deer, respectively, in southern Florida in 1984-1986. Intensities of T. omissa varied from 1 to 15 (mean = 4.6); only 1 cysticercus of T. hydatigena was collected. No significant difference in the prevalences of T. omissa according to sex, age, or locality was observed.

Experimentally induced Fasciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. II. Pathological features.

Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. One animal in each inocluated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. At six weeks postinoculation the parietal surface of the livers from inoculated deer was covered with gray fibrous plaques and rust colored patches. Fibroplasia with mononuclear cell infiltration characterized Glisson's capsule on the parietal surface. Granulomas were found …

Eemian palaeogenetics demonstrates loss of diversity in modern fallow deer (Dama dama).

The European fallow deer (Dama dama) is a widely distributed cervid that has experienced extensive human management since the Neolithic. Although several studies have examined relationships among present-day and Holocene populations, molecular data from Pleistocene fallow deer remain extremely limited, leaving a gap in our understanding of the species' evolutionary history. Here, we retrieved 10 mitochondrial genomes from a ∼120-thousand-year-old last interglacial (Eemian) fallow deer population from the Neumark-Nord archaeological sites in central Germany. We find that modern European fallow …

Protective Effects of Deer Antler Peptides on D-Galactose-Induced Brain Injury.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role and potential mechanism of deer antler peptides (DAP) in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced brain injury. Methods: In the in vivo study, C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with 400 mg/kg D-gal and gavaged with DAP (50 and 200 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. In vitro studies, D-gal (30 μg/mL) induced senescent BV2 cells were used for further research. Results: DAP increased the expression of BDNF and VEGF in the brain tissue of aging mice, reduced the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in serum, and decreased the …

Red deer reveal spatial risks of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) continues to cause new human cases in Iberia while its spatial distribution and ecological determinants remain unknown. The virus remains active in a silent tick-animal cycle to which animals contribute maintaining the tick populations and the virus itself. Wild ungulates, in particular red deer, are essential hosts for Hyalomma ticks in Iberia, which are the principal competent vector of CCHFV. Red deer could be an excellent model to understand the ecological determinants of CCHFV as well as to predict infection risks for humans because it is lar…

Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), United Kingdom.

Deer represent a major vertebrate host for all feeding stages of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom (UK), and could play a role in the persistence of tick-borne pathogens. However, there have been few studies reporting the presence of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in deer in the UK, and those that detected Babesia were unable to confirm the species. To address this, we have investigated blood samples from red deer (Cervus elaphus) for the presence of tick-borne pathogens. Total DNA was extracted from haemolysed blood that was removed from clotted blood sampled from…