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Public health surveillance of Yersinia species in England, 2017-2024.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica are globally found zoonotic gastrointestinal bacteria known to cause human infections, transmitted by consumption of contaminated food or environmental contact. Y. enterocolitica is the dominant species in causing yersiniosis, and is under ascertained in England. Diagnostic laboratories across England undertake detection of Yersinia in stool and other sterile sites using UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. In 2022, there was an exceedance of invasive and gastrointestinal Yersinia notifications across England. Recommendations wer…

Survival outcomes for post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer in England.

BACKGROUND: Post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer (PEUGIC) is defined as cancer diagnosed 6-36 months after a prior index endoscopy during which cancer was not diagnosed. Few studies have examined PEUGIC survival. We describe survival in PEUGIC patients compared with upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) patients who did not undergo endoscopy without a cancer diagnosis prior to their diagnosis. METHODS: This was a population-based retrospective survival analysis of UGIC patients diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2018 in England. Patients were categorized into "detected UGIC" (…

Streptococcus pyogenes emm Type 3.93 Emergence, the Netherlands and England.

A global increase in the incidence of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections was observed after lifting of COVID-19 related restrictions in 2022, and type M1UK dominated in many countries. After seasonal declines in iGAS incidence during the summer of 2023, simultaneous, rapid expansion of a previously rare emm type 3.93 was seen beginning in November, increasing to 20% of all cases in England and 60% of all cases in the Netherlands within 4 months. emm3.93 was associated with iGAS in children 6-17 years of age and with increased risk for pneumonia or pleural empyema and meningitis i…

Readmission following hospital admission for community-acquired pneumonia in England.

INTRODUCTION: Readmission rates following hospital admission with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have increased in the UK over the past decade. The aim of this work was to describe the cohort of patients with emergency 30-day readmission following hospitalisation for CAP in England and explore the reasons for this. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cases from the British Thoracic Society national adult CAP audit admitted to hospitals in England with CAP between 1 December 2018 and 31 January 2019 was performed. Cases were linked with corresponding patient level data from Hospital Episo…

Understanding norovirus reporting patterns in England: a mixed model approach.

BACKGROUND: Norovirus has a higher level of under-reporting in England compared to other intestinal infectious agents such as Campylobacter or Salmonella, despite being recognised as the most common cause of gastroenteritis globally. In England, this under-reporting is a consequence of the frequently mild/self-limiting nature of the disease, combined with the passive surveillance system for infectious diseases reporting. We investigated heterogeneity in passive surveillance system in order to improve understanding of differences in reporting and laboratory testing practices of norovirus in Eng…

Invasive Group B Streptococcus Infections in Adults, England, 2015-2016.

During 2015-2016, a total of 3,156 episodes of invasive group B Streptococcus (iGBS) infection in adults (>15 years of age) were recorded in England, corresponding to an annual incidence of 3.48/100,000 population. iGBS incidence was highest in older patients and women of childbearing age. The 493 pregnancy-related iGBS episodes correspond to a rate of 1.34/10,000 live births. In adults up to 60-69 years of age and in pregnant women, iGBS incidence increased with higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation. Hospital admissions associated with iGBS were predominantly emergency admissions (73% [2…

Patterns of smallpox mortality in London, England, over three centuries.

Smallpox is unique among infectious diseases in the degree to which it devastated human populations, its long history of control interventions, and the fact that it has been successfully eradicated. Mortality from smallpox in London, England was carefully documented, weekly, for nearly 300 years, providing a rare and valuable source for the study of ecology and evolution of infectious disease. We describe and analyze smallpox mortality in London from 1664 to 1930. We digitized the weekly records published in the London Bills of Mortality (LBoM) and the Registrar General's Weekly Returns (RGWRs…

Genomic and Phenotypic Variability in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility, England.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global concern. Phylogenetic analyses resolve uncertainties regarding genetic relatedness of isolates with identical phenotypes and inform whether AMR is due to new mutations and clonal expansion or separate introductions by importation. We sequenced 1,277 isolates with associated epidemiologic and antimicrobial susceptibility data collected during 2013-2016 to investigate N. gonorrhoeae genomic variability in England. Comparing genetic markers and phenotypes for AMR, we identified 2 N. gonorrhoeae lineages with different antimicrobi…

HPV primary cervical screening in England: Women's awareness and attitudes.

BACKGROUND: Primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening is due to be implemented in England within the next 2 years; however, the acceptability of HPV testing as the primary screening test is unclear. This study explores women's awareness and attitudes toward HPV testing/screening. METHODS: Qualitative interviews (semistructured and focus group) were conducted with 46 women (aged 25-65 years) from community and secondary care settings. Data were analyzed by using the inductive-framework method. RESULTS: Women were unaware that cervical screening currently includes HPV testing and l…

National BSUG audit of stress urinary incontinence surgery in England.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the British Society of Urogynaecology (BSUG) 2013 audit for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery was to conduct a national clinical audit looking at the intra- and postoperative complications and provide outcomes for these procedures. This audit was supported by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) and National Health Service (NHS) England. METHODS: Data were collected for all continence procedures performed in 2013 through the BSUG database. All clinicians in England performing SUI surgery were invited to submit data to a central …

Borrelia miyamotoi in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks in England.

This paper reports the first detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in UK Ixodes ricinus ticks. It also reports on the presence and infection rates of I. ricinus for a number of other tick-borne pathogens of public health importance. Ticks from seven regions in southern England were screened for B. miyamotoi, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Neoehrlichia mikurensis using qPCR. A total of 954 I. ricinus ticks were tested, 40 were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l., 22 positive for A. phagocytophilum and three positive for B. miyamotoi, with no N. mikurensis detected.…

Emergence of fatal avian influenza in New England harbor seals.

UNLABELLED: From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations that indicate recent adaption to mammalian hosts. These include a D701N mutation in the viral PB2 protein, previously reported in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses infecting people. Lectin staining and agglutination assays indicated the presence of the avian-preferred SAα-2,3 and ma…

Community care in England: reducing socioeconomic inequalities in heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with increased heart failure (HF) incidence, hospitalization rates, and mortality. Howev … dy was a cross-sectional observational analysis of nationally representative primary care data from England. Treatments for patients with HF in 1999 and 2007 (n=13 330) were extracted from the General Practice Research Database. Socioeconomic circumstances were defined with the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007, a weighted composite of 7 area-level depri …

Baby teething in early modern England: theory and therapeutic practice.

Oral and dental healthcare was a major medical concern in 16th- and 17th-century England. The analysis of a representative corpus from Early English Books Online (EEBO) reveals that the general principles and therapeutic management of baby teething were found most often in pediatric and midwifery treatises. The chapters devoted to this babyhood process usually gave information on factors determining teething onset, eruption schedule, order of appearance, associated disorders and short-term prognosis. Among the remedies available to alleviate children's pain, the authors mention anti-inflammato…

Renal calculi in wild Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in England.

Macroscopic renal calculi were seen in 50 of 492 (10.2 per cent) wild Eurasian otters found dead in England from 1988 to 2007. Forty-eight adults and two subadults were affected. Calculi were present in 15.7 per cent (31 of 197) of adult males and 12.7 per cent (17 of 134) of adult females. There was an increase in prevalence in the study population over time; no calculi were found in 73 otters examined between 1988 and 1996, but in most subsequent years they were observed with increased frequency. Calculi occurred in both kidneys but were more common in the right kidney. They varied greatly i…

Mapping of sexual health promotion in North West England, 2008.

OBJECTIVE: To map sexual health promotion activity and resources across North West England. STUDY DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: A survey of all sexual health promotion activity commissioned by primary care trusts (PCTs) was carried out using a self-completion questionnaire for PCT sexual health commissioners in North West England. RESULTS: Sixteen out of 24 PCTs responded. Some PCTs had difficulty in identifying the relevant commissioner. Most activity was focused on young people, especially around the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) and teenage pregnancy, and on particular high-ri…

Молодежь и сексуальное поведение, сопряженное с риском в Центральной Англии

Справочная информация: Инфекции, передаваемые половым путем, и уровень подростковой беременности в Соединенном Королевстве являются одними из самых высоких в промышленно развитых странах. Исследования показали, что высокие показатели рискованного поведения могут объясняться ростом числа инфекций, передаваемых половым путем, и более высокими показателями подростковой беременности в Соединенном Королевстве. Методы: В ходе этого перекрестного анализа были исследованы действия группы сексуально активных учащихся в возрасте 12-15 лет из одного графства в Центральной Англии (n = 493). Были проанализ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Sexually transmissible infections and the rate of teenage pregnancy in the UK are among the highest in the industrialised world. … haviours of a group of sexually active 12–15-year-old school pupils from a single county in Central England (n = 493). Data were analysed to investigate the sexual risk activity of adolescents, urban/rural location, and gender. Results: In this sample, rural students were more likely than their urban counterparts to have used drugs or alcohol the first ti …

Oral cancer survival in young people in South East England.

The incidence rate of oral cancer among young people in the UK has been increasing since 1970s. The objective of this study was to compare relative survival of young people (under 45 years of age) diagnosed with oral cancer with that of older people (45 years and older) resident in South East England. Between 1986 and 2002, 5 year relative survival was higher among young people compared with the older group, suggesting age was a strong independent predictor of survival. Apart from age other independent predictors of survival included stage, treatment and affluence but residence was not a signi…

Temperature dependence of reported Campylobacter infection in England, 1989-1999.

Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in England and Wales, with 45000 cases reported annually. Campylobacter incidence is highly seasonal; the consistent peak in late spring suggests a role for meteorological factors in the epidemiology of this organism. We investigated the relationship between ambient temperature and Campylobacter enteritis using time-series analysis to study short-term associations between temperature and number of Campylobacter reports adjusted for longer-term trend and seasonal patterns. We found a linear relationship between mean weekly temp…

Preterm birth rates in Avon County, England, and urban Ukraine.

OBJECTIVE: We compared rates of total and spontaneous preterm birth in Avon County, England and urban Ukraine to explore whether adverse conditions in the former eastern bloc influenced the preterm rate. STUDY DESIGN: Women who had last menstrual period (LMP) in a specified time window were recruited from geographically defined areas. Data were gathered between 1992 and 1995, using maternal questionnaires and medical record abstraction, with comparable methods in both sites insofar as possible. There were 13731 births in Avon and 3087 in Ukraine. Rates of total and spontaneous preterm births …