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A Coronavirus Associated with Runting Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens.

Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) is a disease condition that affects broilers and causes impaired growth and poor feed conversion because of enteritis characterized by pale and distended small intestines with watery contents. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial, and a large variety of viral agents have been implicated. Here we describe the detection and isolation of an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) -like coronavirus from the intestines of a flock of 60,000 14-day-old brown/red broiler chicks. The birds showed typical clinical signs of RSS including stunting and uneven growth. At n…

Protection of chickens vaccinated with combinations of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines containing Massachusetts, Dutch and QX-like serotypes against challenge with virulent infectious bronchitis viruses 793B and IS/1494/06 Israel variant 2.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus which affects chickens of all ages. IBV mainly causes respiratory disease but can also result in reduced weight gain, reduced egg production, increased frequency of abnormal eggs and increased rates of mortality. Vaccination is the most important way to control the disease. Nevertheless, novel strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) continue to emerge in the field. In order to respond promptly, combinations of existing IB vaccines are frequently tested to see whether they can provide cross-protection. The efficacy of a combination of vaccines ba…

Cross-protection studies using vGA08 and Mass type IBV vaccines against four different antigenic variant viruses currently circulating in poultry in the USA and Canada.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious gammacoronavirus that causes disease in chickens, typically presenting with respiratory signs but in some cases affecting the reproductive or renal systems. Due to different antigenic variants co-circulating in poultry with limited availability of homologous vaccines, producers have historically combined different vaccine types to provide a broader cross-protective immunity. This study evaluated whether two USDA licensed vaccines (vGA08 and Mass types-administered simultaneously at one day of age) can protect against challenge with 4 dif…

Дезинфицирующие соинфекции дыхательных путей: широкополосный анализ птичьих респираторных патогенов на нанофлюидовой платформе ПЦР.

Дыхательные синдромы (РС) относятся к числу наиболее значительных патологических заболеваний у съедобных птиц и вызваны сложными коакциями патогенов и экологическими факторами. В птице с низким патогенным птичьим гриппом A вирусы, метапнеумовирусы, инфекционный бронхит, инфекционный вирус ларингтрахеит, Mycoplasma spp. Escherichia coli и/или Ornithobacterium noztracheale в индейках рассматриваются в качестве основных соинфекционных агентов РС. Аспергиллус sp., пастерелла мультоцида, авибактериум парагаллинарум или хламидиа пситтачи также могут быть вовлечены в вспышки дыхательных путей. Новато

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Respiratory syndromes (RS) are among the most significant pathological conditions in edible birds and are caused by complex coactions of pathogens and environmental factors. In poultry, low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses, metapneumoviruses, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Mycoplasma spp. Escherichia coli and/or Ornithob…

Cytokine and acute-phase proteins response following vaccination against infectious bronchitis in broilers.

BACKGROUND: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an important disease of poultry, and vaccination is the best method of preventing IB in the poultry industry worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate cytokine and acute-phase protein (APP) responses and their correlations with antibody titres following vaccination regimes against IB in the broiler. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Broilers were vaccinated with H120 and 1/96 vaccine strains, and MIX (H120 + 1/96) vaccine strains on Days 0 and 14. Heterophils/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, APPs including chicken serum amyloid A (SAA), chicken pentraxi

Otitis and meningoencephalitis associated with infectious coryza ( Avibacterium paragallinarum) in commercial broiler chickens.

Infectious coryza, caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is an acute respiratory disease of poultry that can result in substantial morbidit … llinarum was readily isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract, brain, and cranial bones. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was also detected by PCR, and IBV was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs. Based on sequencing analysis, the IBV appeared 99% homologous to strain CA1737. A synergistic effect between A. paragallinarum and IBV, resulting in exacerbation of cl …

The S2 Subunit of QX-type Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Spike Protein Is an Essential Determinant of Neurotropism.

Some coronaviruses (CoVs) have an extra furin cleavage site (RRKR/S, furin-S2' site) upstream of the fusion peptide in the spike protein, which plays roles in virion adsorption and fusion. Mutation of the S2' site of QX genotype (QX-type) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) spike protein (S) in a recombinant virus background results in higher pathogenicity, pronounced neural symptoms and neurotropism when compared with conditions in wild-type IBV (WT-IBV) infected chickens. In this study, we present evidence suggesting that recombinant IBV with a mutant S2' site (furin-S2' site) leads to higher …

Isolation of a coronavirus from a green-cheeked Amazon parrot (Amazon viridigenalis Cassin).

A virus (AV71/99) was isolated from a green-cheeked Amazon parrot by propagation and passage in both primary embryo liver cells derived from … rimer pairs that give PCR products corresponding to genes 3, 5, N and the 3'-untranslated region of infectious bronchitis virus, turkey coronavirus and pheasant coronavirus (all in group 3) failed to do so with RNA from the parrot coronavirus. This is the first demonstration of a coronavirus in a psittacine species.

Development of a rapid recombinase polymerase amplification assay for avian polyomaviruses.

Budgerigar fledgling disease, caused by avian polyomavirus (APV), is an immunosuppressive condition in budgerigars that typically manifests … pies/μL. The real-time RPA assay specific detected APV and did not show cross-reactivity with avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV), newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H9N2 avian influenza virus(H9N2). Intra-assay repeatability testing showed that the coefficients of variations (CVs) were all below 16%, while inter-assay re …

Evaluation of protection and immunity induced by infectious bronchitis vaccines administered by oculonasal, spray or gel routes in commercial broiler chicks.

Broiler chicks' responses following combined IBV live attenuated Massachusetts and 793B strains through gel, spray or oculonasal (ON) vaccination routes were cross-compared. Subsequently, the responses following IBV M41 challenge of the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups were also assessed. Post-vaccination humoral and mucosal immune responses, alongside viral load kinetics in swabs and tissues, were determined using commercial ELISA assays, monoclonal antibody-based IgG and IgA ELISA assays and qRT-PCR respectively. After challenged with IBV-M41 strain, humoral and mucosal immune responses, c

Development of duplex crystal digital PCR (dPCR) assay for detection and differentiation of NDRV and MDRV.

Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) and Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) are highly infectious diseases of waterfowl, causing significant harm to the glo … an influenza virus (H5 subtype AIV), H7 subtype AIV, H9 subtype AIV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV), Contagious bursal disease virus (IBDV, B87 strain), and duck Plague virus (DEV). The method also demonstrated good reproducibility, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) both less than …

Development of a universal real-time PCR TaqMan assay for fowl aviadenovirus diagnosis.

Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) are major pathogens of poultry, associated with economically important diseases such as Inclusion Body Hepatiti … ss-reactivity with other avian pathogens, including avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Precision testing revealed minimal intra- and inter-assay variability, with coefficients of variation below 0.02 %, confirming robustness and reproducibility. Clinical evaluation was conducted on 56 field sam …

Molecular and pathological characterization of natural co-infection of poultry farms with the recently emerged Leucocytozoon caulleryi and chicken anemia virus in Egypt.

In the summers of 2018 and 2019, a disease outbreak stroke 25 broiler chicken farms and 3 broiler breeder farms in different Governorates in … ease virus (NDV), avian influenza viruses (H5, H9, and H7), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and fowl adenovirus (FadV). Leucocytozoon caulleryi (L. caulleryi) genetic material was identified by PCR in 17 out of the 28 collected samples (61%). Five chicken farms (18%) showed positive PCR results for both L. caulleryi and chicken anem …

Kidney Cell-Adapted Infectious Bronchitis ArkDPI Vaccine is Stable and Protective.

We previously demonstrated that adaptation of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva Poultry Industry (DPI)-derived vaccine to chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells (CEKp7) shifted the virus population towards homogeneity in spike (S) and nonstructural protein genes. Moreover, the typical Ark vaccine subpopulations emerging in chickens vaccinated with commercial Ark vaccines were not detected in chickens vaccinated with CEKp7, indicating that kidney-cell adaptation drastically increased the stability of the vaccine virus population in chickens. In the curren…

Contribution of a shelter-based survey for screening respiratory diseases in the homeless.

BACKGROUND: The homeless are at very high risk for both respiratory diseases and poor access to health care delivery systems. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of a shelter-based survey to identify respiratory diseases in the homeless population in Marseilles, in order to further develop preventive interventions. METHODS: A prevalence survey of respiratory diseases was conducted in two homeless shelters in Marseilles, in February 2005. A multidisciplinary team including infectious diseases specialists, lung specialists, residents, nurses, physiotherapists and X-ray technici

Genetic variation in chicken interferon signalling pathway genes in research lines showing differential viral resistance.

Avian viruses of economic interest are a significant burden on the poultry industry, affecting production traits and resulting in mortality. … sceptibility of each line to viruses of interest (Marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis virus and avian influenza virus) has previously been determined. Here we identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in interferons and downstream genes. Functional prediction tools were used to identify variants that may be affecting protein structure, mRNA …

Aerosol transmission of infectious diseases in poultry: microbiology, pathogenesis, and control measures.

The expansion of intensive poultry production improves productivity but increases the risk of disease transmission. In poultry houses, infec … within the animal's respiratory system. Given that major pathogens, such as avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian orthoavulavirus 1, and Aspergillus spp., are usually transmitted via the aerosol route, it is essential for poultry farmers to adopt a range of mitigation strategies to achieve effective disease prevention and improve production output. As su …

Combination of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists derepress infectious bursal disease virus vaccine-induced immunosuppression in the chicken.

Live intermediate plus infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines (hot vaccines) are used for protection against the virulent IBDV stra … ed by greater weight gain, increased overall antibody responses to both sheep erythrocytes and live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, upregulated IFN-γ transcripts and nitric oxide production by PBMCs (P < 0.05), and lower bursal lesion score in the experimental birds. In conclusion, poly I:C alone and its combination with Pam3CSK4 reduced the destruction of B cells as we …

Research Note: Development of a reverse transcriptase recombinase-aided amplification method for detection of Parrot Borna Virus 4.

The Parrot Borna virus 4 (PaBV-4) is the primary causative agent of parrot developmental disorder (PDD), leading to symptoms such as bloatin … activity observed with H5N6, H7N9, H9N2 avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Parrot Borna virus 2 (PaBV-2). The coefficient of variation for the 3 repeatability experiments was below 10%. Tissue samples from 28 suspected cases of PaBV related deaths in parrots were analyzed using both RT-RAA and RT-qPCR methods. Th …

[Viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children from East Guangdong of China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in hospitalized children from East Guangdong Province of China and the relationship of the pathogens with age and seasons. METHODS: The nasopharyngeal aspirates samples obtained from 345 hospitalized children with ALRTI were investigated for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza virus types A and B, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 and adenovirus by PCR. RESULTS: Viral pathogens were detected in 178 patients (51.6%). RSV wa