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Thymectomy as treatment of autoimmune diseases other than myasthenia gravis.

This paper reviews the different series of thymectomies performed in patients with autoimmune diseases other than myasthenia gravis. It is p … ne hemolytic anemia. Several trials were conducted to assess the therapeutic value of thymectomy in multiple sclerosis. Benefits were achieved only in relapsing-remitting but not in chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis. The effect of thymectomy in autoimmune diseases associated with myasthenia gravis were also reported. The authors conclude that thymectomy as trea …

Correlation of clinical and immunologic states in multiple sclerosis.

Cyclophosphamide was administered to 14 patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis on an intermittent escalating dosage schedule adjusted to maintain numbers of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and helper/inducer (CD4) T cells below the fifth percentile of the normal population. Peripheral blood B cells, T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) T cells, CD4 cells, and FcR+-bearing cell numbers and percentages were monitored at one-week to two-week intervals. Clinical status was assessed by neurologic examinations at approximately four-week intervals. Regression analysis revealed a statistic…

Immune Reconstitution Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis: A Review on Behalf of the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disorder, which is mediated by an abnormal immune response coordinated by T and B cells resulting in areas of inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. Disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are available to dampen the inflammatory aggression but are ineffective in many patients. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used as treatment in patients with a highly active disease, achieving a long-term clinical remission in most. The rationale of the intervention is to eradicate inflammatory autoreactive cells w…

Vowel acoustics in Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis: comparison of clear, loud, and slow speaking conditions.

PURPOSE: The impact of clear speech, increased vocal intensity, and rate reduction on acoustic characteristics of vowels was compared in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD), speakers with multiple sclerosis (MS), and healthy controls. METHOD: Speakers read sentences in habitual, clear, loud, and slow conditions. Variations in clarity, intensity, and rate were stimulated using magnitude production. Formant frequency values for peripheral and nonperipheral vowels were obtained at 20%, 50%, and 80% of vowel duration to derive static and dynamic acoustic measures. Intensity and duration measur…

F-wave characteristics as surrogate markers of spasticity in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

We sought to identify significant ulnar nerve conduction abnormalities and also to detect ulnar F-wave variable changes in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Conventional conduction study was performed unilaterally to ulnar nerves of eight men and 12 women with secondary progressive MS (mean age, 47.5 +/- 6.6 years), having spastic hemiparesis and hand spasticity. A series of 40 electrical stimuli were also delivered to their ulnar nerves unilaterally so as to obtain F waves. The side of examination was ipsilateral to the side of spastic paresis. The following F-wave …

TSPO PET imaging of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe infection of the CNS caused by the polyomavirus JC that can occur in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. Clinical management of patients with natalizumab-associated PML is challenging not least because current imaging tools for the early detection, longitudinal monitoring and differential diagnosis of PML lesions are limited. Here we evaluate whether translocator protein (TSPO) PET imaging can be applied to monitor the inflammatory activity of PML lesions over time and differentiate them from multiple sclerosis lesi…

Loss of miR-145 promotes remyelination and functional recovery in a model of chronic central demyelination.

Strategies for treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) remain limited. Here, we found that miR-145-5p is overabundant uniquely in chronic lesion tissues from secondary progressive MS patients. We induced both acute and chronic demyelination in miR-145 knockout mice to determine its contributions to remyelination failure. Following acute demyelination, no advantage to miR-145 loss could be detected. However, after chronic demyelination, animals with miR-145 loss demonstrated increased remyelination and functional recovery, coincident with altered presence of astrocytes and microglia within…

Technology-Assisted Solutions to Enhance Auditory-Motor Synchronization During Walking in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

BackgroundStudies show that beat-based cues from music and metronomes benefit gait in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (PwPMS) during short walking. While useful for controlled assessment, prolonged walking better reflects real-world function. Adaptive beat-alignment algorithms using biofeedback may enhance synchronization and benefit gait dynamics but their effects in PwPMS remain unknown.AimsTo investigate the effect of walking with and without an adaptive beat-alignment algorithm on synchronization consistency during 8 minutes of walking compared to walking in silence, and its ef…

Therapeutic evaluation of immunomodulators and immunosuppressants in progressive multiple sclerosis: summary of a Cochrane systematic review.

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) remains a therapeutic challenge, with limited effective treatments and a high degree of uncertainty surrounding long-term efficacy and safety. In this context, the recently published Cochrane network meta-analysis by Ridley et al. (2024) represents a significant effort to synthesise available evidence on immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies in PMS. This article provides a structured summary and critical commentary on the findings of the Cochrane review. It highlights key clinical insights, evidence gaps, and methodological limitations that have …

Spinal segmental myoclonus as an unusual presentation of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Unusual presentations of multiple sclerosis (MS) at onset may post a diagnostic dilemma to the treating neurologists. Spinal myoclonus is rare in MS and may lead to perform extensive investigations to rule out other etiologies affecting the spinal cord. CASE PRESENTATION: We described a 31-year-old male who presented with involuntary brief jerky movements of the left shoulder and arm with significant wasting of shoulder muscles. In retrospect, the patient had a progressive right leg weakness one year prior to his presentation. Needle electromyography confirmed the presence of rhyt…

A comparison of neuropsychological deficits in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Neuropsychological deficits and the relationship to brain pathology were examined in 13 primary progressive (PP) and 12 secondary progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis patients with a similar duration of the progressive phase and comparable physical disability. A battery of neuropsychological tests to assess attention, short-term and working memory was administered to the patients, and their performance was compared to that of 20 healthy controls matched for age and premorbid IQ. Total cerebral lesion load on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was measured in the patients. Both PP and SP pat…

Interleukin-6 in neuro-Behçet's disease: association with disease subsets and long-term outcome.

Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 has been reported in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) and neurological involvement. To elucidate the value of IL-6 as a marker of disease activity, serum and CSF IL-6 levels of 68 BD patients with acute (26) or chronic progressive (14) parenchymal involvement (pNB), dural sinus thrombosis (10), ischemic stroke (5) or headache (13) were measured by ELISA. Samples from multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and noninflammatory neurological disorders were used as controls. CSF but not serum samples of neuro-BD patients with acute pNB d…

Occupational balance, quality of life, occupational performance, and disease-related factors in people with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.

IMPORTANCE: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological progressive disease that can lead to different impairments. It may also impact individuals' quality of life and daily living, including occupational performance and occupational balance. However, occupational balance has not been thoroughly described in this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess occupational balance in a sample of adults with multiple sclerosis, in comparison with a healthy control group. DESIGN: A descriptive case-control study was carried out. Adults with multiple sclerosis were matched by sex and age wit…

Altered Glutamate Homeostasis in Paramagnetic Rim Lesions of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Paramagnetic rim lesions are a subset of focal white matter lesions specific to multiple sclerosis that are chronically inflamed and are associated with increased tissue injury, brain atrophy, and clinical disability. The molecular mechanisms linking paramagnetic rim lesions to these progressive biological outcomes remain unclear. Glutamatergic dysregulation has been hypothesized as a mechanism of multiple sclerosis progression potentially via excitotoxicity, but lesion-specific involvement is unknown. Here, 7T MRI was used to investigate glutamate-related metabolic alterations in paramagnetic…

The lung-brain axis in neurodegeneration: inflammatory, immune, and vascular mechanisms with therapeutic implications.

Neurodegenerative and chronic pulmonary diseases represent major global health challenges and have widely been investigated separately. Emerging evidence indicates the existence of a lung-brain axis, through which pulmonary pathology and environmental exposures can influence neurological health. The current review highlights the mechanistic and clinical evidence linking chronic lung inflammation, air pollution, and immune dysregulation to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A pathway-…

T1-Dark Рим как знак новых и хронически активных множественных склерозов: Серийное исследование с частым 7T MRI.

ЦЕЛЬ И СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Хронические активные множественные повреждения склероза (MS) представляют собой особо разрушительную группу повреждений патологии. Однако их изображения коррелируют, в том числе с повреждениями парамагнитных ободов (ПБД), которые обнаруживаются на изображениях, взвешенных по степени чувствительности, и с трудом поддаются применению в клинической практике. В ходе этого исследования в продольном разрезе изучается распространенность и временная динамика нового маркера изображений, T1-dark В области количественного картирования уязвимости (QSM) были отмечены ободья и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions represent a particularly destructive subset of lesions on pathology. However, their imaging correlates, including paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) detected on susceptibility-weighted imaging, lack sensitivity and are difficult to implement in clinical practice. This exploratory, longitudin…

Intrathecal treatment trial of rituximab in progressive MS: An open-label phase 1b study.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a phase 1b assessment of the safety and feasibility of intrathecally delivered rituximab as a treatment for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and to evaluate the effect of treatment on disability and CSF biomarkers during a 1-year follow-up period. METHODS: Three doses of rituximab (25 mg with a 1-week interval) were administered in 23 patients with PMS via a ventricular catheter inserted into the right frontal horn and connected to a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir. Follow-ups were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: Mild to moderate vertigo and nausea w…

Iron deposition on SWI-filtered phase in the subcortical deep gray matter of patients with clinically isolated syndrome may precede structure-specific atrophy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence suggests that iron deposition is present in the later stages of MS. In this study we examined abnormal phase values, indicative of increased iron content on SWI-filtered phase images of the SDGM in CIS patients and HC. We also examined the association of abnormal phase with conventional MR imaging outcomes at first clinical onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with CIS (31 female, 11 male) and 65 age and sex-matched HC (41 female, 24 male) were scanned on a 3T scanner. Mean age was 40.1 (SD = 10.4) years in patients with CIS, and 42.8 (S

The unique impact of changes in normal appearing brain tissue on cognitive dysfunction in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between cognitive functioning, whole brain magnetic transfer ratio (MT … S: Cognitive dysfunction may act as a clinical marker of normal appearing brain tissue pathology in multiple sclerosis.

[Autoimmune functional disorders of the thyroid during interferon-beta-1b treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Case report and literature review].

Occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction following interferon alpha treatment of viral hepatitis and other diseases are known adverse effects and have been ascribed to the cytokine's general immunomodulatory and -activating properties. However, in spite of its extensive application, there have been few reports of such incidents during interferon beta (IFN-beta-1a/b) therapy, which is considered the standard treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), and prospective studies have been published only recently. Here we present the case of a 38-year-old woman with Graves' d…