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[Central pontine myelinolysis--etiological, clinical and prognostic variety].

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurologic disorder that the most often is related to rapid correction of hyponatremia. It is concentrated, frequently symmetric, noninflammatory demyelination within the base of the pons with a relative sparing of the axons and the nerve cells. Focal demyelination can occur outside the pons (extrapontine myelinolysis--EPM). Clinical symptoms have various manifestations and the prognosis can be different. In the diagnosis of CPM the most useful is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that is more sensitive than computed tomography (CT). The authors present …

The influence of thyroid gland and thyroxine on the acetylcholinesterase activity of rat brain and adenohypophysis.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, pons, medulla oblongata and adenohypophysis of intact, thyroidectomized, and thyroxine treated-thyroidectomized adult male rats was determined by a spectrophotometric method. AChE activity was higher in the brain areas than in the adenohypophysis. There was regional variation in the enzyme activity in the brain with the highest and lowest activities occurring in the medulla oblongata and the cerebral cortex, respectively. Thyroidectomy increased AChE activity in the pons, decreased it in the amygdala, but did …

Early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) in vertebral basilar insufficiency.

Stimulation with a short tone pip elicits an acoustic nerve compound action potential (I) and different waves (II--VII) in the inital 10 ms. Seven waves have been studied in 40 control subjects and five waves in 12 patients with vertebral-basilar insufficiency. Abnormalities of the different waves were observed at levels such as cochlea and/or acoustic nerve, medulla, caudal pons, rostral pons, and midbrain. The recording of early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) is a noninvasive method of confirming impairment of the auditory pathway caused by a reduced vascular supply of vertebral and basil…

Total esterase and paraoxonase activity in human saliva of periodontitis patients and healthy individuals; a pilot study.

This pilot study evaluated total esterase activity and PON-1 activity in unstimulated and stimulated saliva of periodontitis patients and healthy subjects focusing on relation to clinical data, salivary flow rate, pH, total protein concentration, albumin concentration and active matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) concentration. Healthy participants (n = 20) and periodontitis patients (n = 32) were recruited. Clinical data was recorded, both unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were collected, and salivary flow rates were determined for each participant. The concentrations of albumin and

The effect on paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of bee pollen against deltamethrin in Cyprinus carpio.

This study aimed to determine whether dietary bee pollen protects common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from deltamethrin (DM)-induced oxidative stress by modulating serum paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) activities. DM, a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, can impair antioxidant defenses in aquatic organisms. PON and ARE, two HDL-associated enzymes with antioxidant properties, were used as biomarkers to evaluate oxidative stress. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of DM (0.018 and 0.036 µg/L) for 14 days, with or without dietary supplementation of 2% chestnut-origin bee pollen

Percent of Normal: A Pragmatic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for the Orthopaedic Trauma Clinic.

OBJECTIVES: To compare a single numerical patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to general health and injury-specific PROMs. DESIGN: Retr … ld you rate yourself, if 100% is back to normal?" Floor/ceiling effect, convergent validity, and responsiveness of PROMs were assessed. RESULTS: None of the PROMs demonstrated a floor effect. The Merle was the only PROM with a ceiling effect (19%). The PON had a strong correlation with the QuickDASH (r = 0.78) and Majeed (r = 0.78); a moderate associa …

Resection of an inferior pontine cavernous malformation using a far-lateral transcondylar approach.

BACKGROUND: When considering an approach to remove a symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformation, exposure and adequate visualization of the lesion with minimal morbidity should be the primary goals. METHOD: We describe the use of the far-lateral transcondylar technique to access a cavernous malformation in the lower anterior pons. RESULTS: This approach accesses the inferior belly of the pons in an inferior-to-superior direction, where the cavernous malformation approaches the surface between the root exit zones of the abducens (VI) cranial nerves. CONCLUSION: We recommend adding this tec…

Cannabinoid Receptor mRNA Expression in Central and Peripheral Tissues in a Rodent Model of Peritonitis.

Introduction: Our laboratory investigates changes in the respiratory pattern during systemic inflammation in various rodent models. The endo … 1 h before euthanasia. We euthanized the rats at 3, 6, or 12 h after inoculation and harvested the pons, medulla, lung, and heart for gene expression analysis. Results: With peritonitis, Cnr1 mRNA more than Cnr2 mRNA was correlated to Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa mRNAs in medulla, pons, and lung and changed oppositely in the pons, medulla, and lung. These chan …

Midbrain-hindbrain involvement in septo-optic dysplasia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Midbrain-hindbrain involvement in septo-optic dysplasia has not been well described, despite reported mutations of genes regulating brain stem patterning. We aimed to describe midbrain-hindbrain involvement in patients with septo-optic dysplasia and to identify possible clinical-neuroimaging correlations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using MR imaging, we categorized 38 patients (21 males) based on the presence (group A, 21 patients) or absence (group B, 17 patients) of visible brain stem anomalies. We measured height and anteroposterior diameter of midbrain, pons, and medull…

West syndrome with periventricular leukomalacia: a morphometric MRI study.

A morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study was performed, and the results were compared among three groups (group 1, periventricular le … he posterior horns, Cella media index, width of the third ventricle, and the areas of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata were measured and compared among the three groups. There were no differences of gestation or birth weight among the three groups. The Evans ratio, ratio of the posterior horns, Cella media index, and width of the third ventric …

Complete horizontal gaze palsy due to bilateral paramedian pontine reticular formation involvement as a presentation of multiple sclerosis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Demyelinating central nervous system diseases include several disorders that multiple sclerosis (MS) is identified as the most common among them. Ocular movement disturbances are a typical presentation in MS patients where lesions affect the complex and interconnected pathways involved in eye motion. Centers for gaze control are located in the pons primarily; therefore, lesions involving these centers can be presented with abnormalities in gaze. However, bilateral lesions in pontine gaze centers are exceptionally rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old girl with bilateral horizonta…

[Pontine reversible leucopathy in an AIDS patient associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): Report of one case].

Posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) is a condition characterized by T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, localized preferentially in the occipital-parietal white matter regions. Pathological MRI images located in midbrain, pons, medulla and spinal cord, that could be asymptomatic, were recently included in this entity. These images are interpreted as vasogenic edema, which is caused by arterial hypertension or eclampsia, neurotoxicity related to immunosuppressive agents or chemotherapy, among other causes. We report a 25 years old asymptomatic male …

[A case of basilar artery occlusion associated with one-and-a-half syndrome, paralytic pontine exotropia and WEBINO-syndrome].

We report a 79-year-old woman with basilar artery occlusion. She had a sudden onset of tetraplegia and disturbed consciousness, and within f … . Her eye symptoms fluctuated probably according to the distal migration of emboli, there by the responsible lesion and the mechanism of these eye symptoms are considered to be closely inter-correlated. On the fourth day after onset, the magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral infarctions in bilateral middle pons, the left paramedian lower pons, a …

Auditory brain-stem responses and MRI findings in patients with olivo-ponto-cerebellar (Dejerine-Thomas)-type and cerebello-olivary (Holmes)-type spino-cerebellar degeneration.

Auditory brain-stem responses (ABRs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were investigated in 10 patients with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA: Dejerine-Thomas type) and in 5 patients with Holmes-type cerebello-olivary degeneration. In patients with OPCA, (1) the III-V interpeak latency (IPL) was shortened significantly (P < 0.05) as compared with normal subjects when the decrease in longitudinal distance of the pons was within 20% of that of normal controls, (2) the I-III IPL was elongated (P < 0.05), the III-V IPL was shortened (P < 0.01), and the amplitude of the V wave was r…

Origin and distribution of brain-stem somatosensory evoked potentials in humans.

The distribution of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded from the brain-stem surface was studied to investigate their generator s … and the ventral surface of the medulla, depicting a dipole for dorso-ventral organization. From the pons and midbrain, triphasic waves with predominant negativity were obtained. This type of SEP had identical wave forms between the dorsal, lateral and ventral surface of the pons and midbrain. It showed an increase in negative peak latency as the record …

Сопоставление общего окислительного состояния, общего антиоксидативного состояния, активности параоксоназы сыворотки и уровней тиола до и после 6 несколько месяцев лечения у пациентов с множественным склерозом, недавно начавшихся на новых терапевтах.

ЦЕЛЬ/АИМ: Цель настоящего исследования состояла в том, чтобы определить параметры окислительного стресса как общее окислительное состояние (ТОС), общее антиоксидативное состояние (ТАС), активность параоксоназы (ПОН), индекс окислительного стресса (ОСИ) и уровни тиол/дисульфида до и после 6 месяцев иммуномодуляционной терапии у пациентов, у которых был диагностирован в соответствии с пересмотренными критериями Макдональда.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Thirty-nine Пациенты были включены в наше исследование, которые были диагностированы в соответствии с пересмотренными критериями Макдональда, получили разр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND/AIM: The objective of this study was to establish the oxidative stress determiners as a total oxidative state (TOS), total antiox … , and TAS and PON, which exhibit antioxidative activity, can be employed to evaluate the therapy response. Additionally, we found that immunomodulator therapies can exhibit a protective effect, as evidenced by a reduction in oxidative stress indicators.

Rapid and sensitive detection of viral nucleic acids using silicon microchips.

Clinical laboratory-based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) play an important role in diagnosing viral infections. However, laboratory infrastructure requirements and their failure to diagnose at the point-of-need (PON) limit their clinical utility in both resource-rich and -limited clinical settings. The development of fast and sensitive PON viral NAT may overcome these limitations. The scalability of silicon microchip manufacturing combined with advances in silicon microfluidics present an opportunity for development of rapid and sensitive PON NAT on silicon microchips. In the present s

Peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration and lipid peroxidation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.

The role of reactive oxygen-induced oxidative damage to lipids (i.e., lipid peroxidation, LP) and proteins has been strongly supported in previous work. Most notably, a number of free radical scavengers and lipid antioxidants have been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. However, the specific sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the time course of oxidative damage and its relationship to post-traumatic neurodegeneration in the injured brain have been incompletely defined. The present study was directed at an investigation of the role of the ROS, pero

Association between human paraoxonase gene polymorphism and chronic symptoms in pesticide-exposed workers.

Pesticides, such as parathion, are metabolized by cytochrome p-450 system to paraoxon, which is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor. Paraoxonase (PON) catalyzes the hydrolysis of these toxic metabolites and protects against pesticide toxicity. A glutamine/arginine (Gln/Arg) polymorphism at amino acid position 192 of PON has been described. The Arg/Arg genotype is associated with higher serum paraoxonase activity compared to Gln/Gln. The Arg/Gln genotype is associated with intermediate serum PON activity. The potential association between PON genotype and symptoms of chronic pesticide toxicity wa

Phenotypic Manifestations in Two Cases of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is an emergency acute neurological condition that usually occurs secondary to rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia (low concentration of sodium in the blood). We present two cases: one with typical ODS following rapid sodium correction, showing classic MRI findings in the pons and basal ganglia; and another with atypical ODS presenting with cranial nerve palsy and ataxia, despite normal sodium levels, and diffuse hyperintensities in the pons and medulla on MRI. These cases emphasize the clinical and radiological variability of ODS, highlighting the impo…