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Bone targeted nano-drug and nano-delivery.

There are currently no targeted delivery systems to satisfactorily treat bone-related disorders. Many clinical drugs consisting of small organic molecules have a short circulation half-life and do not effectively reach the diseased tissue site. This coupled with repeatedly high dose usage that leads to severe side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, drugs contained within a nano-delivery device or drugs aggregated into nanoparticles (nano-drugs) have shown promises in targeted drug delivery. The ability to design nanoparticles to target bone has attracted many researchers to develop n

The impact of the gut microbiome on tumor immunotherapy: from mechanism to application strategies.

Immunotherapy is one of the fastest developing areas in the field of oncology. Many immunological treatment strategies for refractory tumors have been approved and marketed. Nevertheless, much clinical and preclinical experimental evidence has shown that the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumor treatment varies markedly among individuals. The commensal microbiome mainly colonizes the intestinal lumen in humans, is affected by a variety of factors and exhibits individual variation. Moreover, the gut is considered the largest immune organ of the body due to its influence on the immune system. In t

Determinants of Adverse Events in Patients with Cancer Who Practiced Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Uganda.

BackgroundCancer therapies have been the cornerstone in cancer care. Co-morbidities and Adverse Events (AEs) often encourage some patients with cancer to resort to self-medication in search of relief or better symptom management. While self-medication is a key aspect of self-care and may offer some relief, it also poses risks, especially the potential for AEs. Limited data exist in Uganda, particularly at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) Cancer Unit, regarding the prevalence and determinants of AEs.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with AEs among self-med

Reliable information for cancer control in Cali, Colombia.

BackgroundThe Cali Population Cancer Registry (RPCC) has been in continuous operation since 1962 with the objective of producing valid statistics on the incidence of cancer, its patterns, trends and survival rates.MethodsDuring the period 2008-2012, 23,046 new cases were registered and during 2011-2015 there were 12,761 cancer deaths. The trend of the rates was described with the APC average annual change rate and with the Joinpoint analysis. We analyzed the individual data of 38,671 adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with cancer between 1995-2009, and we calculated the standardized net survival b

The Role of Dental Practitioners in the Management of Oncology Patients: The Head and Neck Radiation Oncology Patient and the Medical Oncology Patient.

This narrative review addresses the role of a dentist in the management of oncology patients, highlighting the oral complications that arise in head and neck radiation oncology patients and medical oncology patients. The prevention and management of these complications are discussed.

Current Overview of Treatment for Metastatic Bone Disease.

The number of patients with bone metastasis increases as medical management and surgery improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Bone metastasis can cause skeletal complications, including bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord or nerve root compression, and hypercalcemia. Before initiation of treatment for bone metastasis, it is important to exclude primary bone malignancy, which would require a completely different therapeutic approach. It is essential to select surgical methods considering the patient's prognosis, quality of life, postoperative function, and risk of pos

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications.

Few millions of new cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide every year. Due to significant progress in understanding cancer biology and developing new therapies, the mortality rates are decreasing with many of patients that can be completely cured. However, vast majority of them require chemotherapy which comes with high medical costs in terms of adverse events, of which cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious and challenging. Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin) are a class of cytotoxic agents used in treatment of breast cancer, sarcomas, or hematological malignancies that are associated w

Изучение последствий трансплантации гематопоиетических клеток: 18- годовое исследование посттрансплантационных новообразований.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Улучшается трансплантация стволовых клеток после гематотипии (ХХТ) с увеличением числа выживших жертв. Особую озабоченность вызывают последующие новообразования (СН) в связи с ПЗТ. МЕТОДЫ: С января 2003 и декабрь 2022, учетные записи получателей ВСТ были ретроспективно проанализированы. Результаты: на медианной основе 108 месяцев (дальность, 0.13-215), 2659 Пациенты получали ТХТ. Из них 1131 (В тыс.43%) были <18 ..старше. Аллогенетические ЦХТ были проведены в 1476 (В тыс.56%) пациентов. Myeloablatory (MAC) была использована в 2157 (В тыс.81%) и 583(В тыс.22%) получил TBI. При медиане

EU Regulatory Pathways for ATMPs: Standard, Accelerated and Adaptive Pathways to Marketing Authorisation.

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) require evaluation by the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Advanced Therapies prior to being placed on the European market, subject to a Marketing Authorisation granted by the European Commission. In common with other medicinal products, various regulatory pathways are available for taking ATMPs through clinical trials to market authorisation, and the regulatory pathway taken will depend on a product's characteristics and the target patient population. With the industry poised to deliver more late-stage clinical and commercial ATMPs for seri

AYAs' online information and eHealth needs: A comparison with healthcare professionals' perceptions.

BackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer fulfill their cancer-related information needs often via the Internet. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a crucial role in guiding patients in finding appropriate online information and eHealth sources, a role that is often overlooked. Misperceptions of AYAs' needs by HCPs may lead to suboptimal guidance. We aimed to examine the extent to which AYAs' online information and eHealth needs corresponded with HCPs' perceptions of these needs.MethodsTwo cross-sectional online surveys (AYAs, n = 299; HCP, n = 80) on online informa

Does the SORG Machine-learning Algorithm for Extremity Metastases Generalize to a Contemporary Cohort of Patients? Temporal Validation From 2016 to 2020.

BACKGROUND: The ability to predict survival accurately in patients with osseous metastatic disease of the extremities is vital for patient counseling and guiding surgical intervention. We, the Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG), previously developed a machine-learning algorithm (MLA) based on data from 1999 to 2016 to predict 90-day and 1-year survival of surgically treated patients with extremity bone metastasis. As treatment regimens for oncology patients continue to evolve, this SORG MLA-driven probability calculator requires temporal reassessment of its accuracy. QUESTION/PURPOSE: Do

When to investigate for secondary hyperhidrosis: data from a retrospective cohort of all causes of recurrent sweating.

Background: Identification of underlying diseases is crucial for secondary hyperhidrosis management, but data are lacking to guide appropriate investigation.Objective: To describe aetiologies of recurrent sweating in a hospital setting and the diagnostic performance parameters of their respective clinical/biological features.Patients and Methods: We performed a monocentric evaluative study in a tertiary care centre. Patients with recurrent generalised sweating were selected via the Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) by screening all electronic hospital documents from the year 2018 using a keyword-b

A Preclinical Evaluation of the Antitumor Activities of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: A Molecular Insight.

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. For certain types of cancer, chemotherapy drugs have been extensively used for treatment. However, severe side effects and the development of resistance are the drawbacks of these agents. Therefore, development of new agents with no or minimal side effects is of utmost importance. In this regard, natural compounds are well recognized as drugs in several human ailments, including cancer. One class of fungi, "mushrooms," contains numerous compounds that exhibit interesting biological activities, including antitumor activity

Modern therapeutic approaches in cholangiocarcinoma: A narrative review of key biomarkers and clinical trials.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common hepatic malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma, presents a significant clinical challenge. This epithelial cell malignancy occurs in various anatomical subtypes, including intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal, each associated with unique genetic aberrations, clinical presentations, and treatment options. Early diagnosis is challenging, leading to poor survival rates, especially in advanced cases. Precision medicine offers hope for improved management of CCA by tailoring treatments based on molecular profiling. In recent years, the investigatio

Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer, as a complicated disease, is considered to be one of the major leading causes of death globally. Although various cancer therapeutic strategies have been established, however, some issues confine the efficacies of the treatments. In recent decades researchers for finding efficient therapeutic solutions have extensively focused on the abilities of stem cells in cancer inhibition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can the most widely extracted from various sources such as the bone marrow (BM), placenta, umbilical cord (UC), menses blood, Wharton's jelly (WJ

Амиотропический латеральный склероз и лобовое дегенерация: сходства в генетическом фоне

Амиотрофический боковой склероз (ALS) — это разрушительное, равномерно смертоносное прогрессивное дегенеративное расстройство моторных нейронов, которое перекликается с клиническим, морфологическим и генетическим дегенерацией лобар (FTLD). Хотя известно, что многие различные мутации в различных генах вызывают амиотрофный боковой склероз, по-прежнему мало что известно о том, как они избирательно влияют на биологию моторных нейронов и сходятся ли они на общих путях, чтобы вызвать нейронное дегенерацию. Многие генные мутации содержатся в белках, которые имеют схожие функции. Их можно сгруппироват

Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer.

Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nano

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… Sonodynamically-induced antitumor effects of polyhydroxy fullerenes (PHF) was evaluated in sarcoma 180 cells and solid tumors from colon 26 carcinoma cells. Sonication induced cell death, which was enhanced by two-fold in the presence of 80 μM PHF. …

Canine Gastric Cancer: Current Treatment Approaches.

Human gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The incidence of GC is lower in dogs than in humans, accounting for less than 1% of all canine malignancies. In recent years, efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of GC and in find an appropriate therapy to maximize curative results, such as adjuvant chemotherapy treatments in addition to surgery. Although surgery is the first-line treatment, it is associated with several complications. In terms of chemotherapeutic intervention, canine gastric c

Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments.

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues f

Rice bran arabinoxylan compound as a natural product for cancer treatment - an evidence-based assessment of the effects and mechanisms.

ContextRice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a natural immunomodulator with anticancer properties.ObjectiveThis study critically evaluates the available evidence on the biological pathways of RBAC and its effects on cancer treatment.MethodsThis secondary analysis of a scoping review includes studies evaluating the mechanisms of RBAC on healthy or malignant cells, animal models, or humans for cancer prevention or treatment. Data from randomized controlled trials on survival and quality of life outcomes were subjectd to meta analysis.ResultsThe evidence synthesis was based on 38 articles. RB

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… An ( 2011 ) also confirmed that treatment with 250 mg/kg BW of RBEP (p.o. and i.p.) daily for two weeks effectively extended survival and reduced cancer growth of sarcoma 180 (S-180)-inoculated ICR mice. …