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Преобразование фотоэнергетики в наноматериалах для точной терапостики.

Быстро развивающаяся область тераностистики направлена на интеграцию терапевтических и диагностических функций в единую платформу для точной медицины, позволяющую одновременно лечить и контролировать болезни. Наноматериалы, основанные на преобразовании фотоэнергии, стали разносторонней платформой, использующей уникальные свойства света для активации тераностистики с высокой пространственной и временной точностью. В настоящем обзоре содержится всеобъемлющий обзор последних изменений в области преобразования фотоэнергетики с использованием наноматериалов с уделением особого внимания их применени

Pilot Study: Human Adipose Tissue Allograft for Fat Pad Defects in Patients With Preulcerative Lesions.

BackgroundLoss or displacement of a fat pad on the foot increases plantar pressure, leading to pain and plantar ulcers. These ulcers, especially in patients with diabetic neuropathy, have high recurrence rates, often resulting in amputations. Standard of care focuses on reducing plantar pressure with shoe padding or orthotic devices, leaving the restoration of the fat pad as an unmet medical need. To address this, a human cryopreserved adipose tissue (hCAT) allograft has been developed to repair adipose tissue defects.MethodsScientific characterization of hCAT included assessments of its struc

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… There are high numbers of cells filled with lipid droplets (A), which are CD206-positive M2 macrophages (B). Red arrows point to cells filled with lipid droplets (A) and to M2 macrophages (B). …

A role for curcumin in preventing liver fibrosis in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of curcumin in preventing liver fibrosis in animal models.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on studies published from establishment to November 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases. The methodological quality was assessed using Sycle's RoB tool. An analysis of sensitivity and subgroups were performed when high heterogeneity was observed. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 24 studies involving 440 animals with methodological quality scores

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… Using autophagy inhibitors in NASH treatment prevents in vitro HSC activation and reduces lipid droplet degradation ( Thoen et al., 2011 ), suggesting autophagy as a potential target for NASH and fibrosis treatment. … The Ménage à Trois of Autophagy, Lipid Droplets and Liver Disease . Autophagy 18 ( 1 ), 50 – 72 . 10.1080/15548627.2021.1895658 33794741 PMC8865253 Fu Y. Zheng S. Lin J. Ryerse J. Chen A. ( 2008 ). …

Unlocking the Heterogeneity in Acute Leukaemia: Dissection of Clonal Architecture and Metabolic Properties for Clinical Interventions.

Genetic studies of haematological cancers have pointed out the heterogeneity of leukaemia in its different subpopulations, with distinct mutations and characteristics, impacting the treatment response. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide analyses, as well as single-cell technologies, have offered unprecedented insights into the clonal heterogeneity within the same tumour. A key component of this heterogeneity that remains unexplored is the intracellular metabolome, a dynamic network that determines cell functions, signalling, epigenome regulation, immunity and inflammation. Unders

Zoledronic Acid Is Not Equally Potent on Osteoclasts Generated From Different Individuals.

Zoledronic acid is a bisphosphonate commonly used to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone disease. Patients exhibit a variable sensitivity to zoledronic acid; the underlying explanation for this remains unclear. The objective of this study was to obtain more knowledge in this regard. We hypothesized that osteoclasts generated from different individuals would show a variable sensitivity to zoledronic acid in vitro. Osteoclasts were generated using monocytes from 46 healthy female blood donors (40 to 66 years). Matured osteoclasts were reseeded onto bone slices precoa

Sympathetic nervous system in tumor progression and metabolic regulation: mechanisms and clinical potential.

Tumor progression is characterized by profound metabolic alterations and dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which enable rapid proliferation, immunoinvasion, and metastasis. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which has been best known for its role in stress regulation, has emerged as a critical regulator of tumor metabolism. The SNS influences glucose, lipid and glutamine metabolism in tumor cells and stromal components by releasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), creating a pro-tumor metabolic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. SNS signaling e

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… Interestingly, in breast cancer cells, treatment with E or isoprenaline also induces the formation of lipid droplets, suggesting a dynamic lipid remodeling process in which liberated fatty acids may be recycled or stored to support tumor growth (Fig. 2 ) [ 81 ]. … Activation of β-Adrenoceptors promotes lipid droplet accumulation in MCF-7 breast Cancer cells via cAMP/PKA/EPAC pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023, 24(1). 81. Safi R, Menéndez P, Pol A. Lipid droplets provide metabolic flexibility for cancer progression. FEBS Lett. 2024;598(10):1301–27. 82. …

Многофункциональная роль аполипопротеина Е в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Генетическое разнообразие в гене аполипопротеина Е (АпоЭ) было определено в качестве основного фактора риска уязвимости в плане генетического риска для спорадического заболевания Альцгеймера (САД). В частности, аллея АпоЕ4 является важным фактором риска для SAD, в то время как аллея АпоЕ2 обеспечивает защиту по сравнению с более распространенными аллеями АпоЕ3. В настоящем обзоре рассматривается роль АпоЭ в АД и других нейродегенеративных расстройствах. ApoE — белок переноса холестерина — влияет на несколько путей нейродегенерации, особенно в AD. Помимо своей установленной роли в метаболизме и

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… In the context of fatty acids (FAs), harmful forms can be generated in hyperactive neurons and transferred to astrocyte lipid droplets via ApoE-positive lipid particles. Within astrocytes, these FAs undergo mitochondrial beta-oxidation for detoxification ( Ioannou et al., 2019 ). … Studies have reported defective cholesterol metabolism in the brains of ALS patients and abnormal lipid droplet accumulation in astrocytes, particularly in regions like the motor cortex and spinal cord ( Chaves-Filho et al., 2019 ). …

The 20th Anniversary of Pegaptanib (MacugenTM), the First Approved Aptamer Medicine: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Aptamers in Therapy.

In addition to classic small-molecule drugs and modern protein-based biologics, an intriguing class of medicines is the therapeutic oligonucleotides. Most approved drugs in this category are antisense oligomers or those acting via RNA interference, both of which use base hybridization. Aptamers, also known as chemical antibodies form a smaller, yet equally interesting group of oligonucleotides that can recognize a wide range of molecular targets. Despite their high potential, only two aptamers have been approved to date, pegaptanib (MacugenTM) and avacincaptad pegol (IzervayTM), both for the t

Metabolic Cooperation and Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Therapy.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an ensemble of non-tumor cells comprising fibroblasts, cells of the immune system, and endothelial cells, besides various soluble secretory factors from all cellular components (including tumor cells). The TME forms a pro-tumorigenic cocoon around the tumor cells where reprogramming of the metabolism occurs in tumor and non-tumor cells that underlies the nature of interactions as well as competitions ensuring steady supply of nutrients and anapleoretic molecules for the tumor cells that fuels its growth even under hypoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogram

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… Hence, it is reasonable to expect that proliferative cells like the tumor cells will have high deposition of lipid droplets. … These changes include increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines, proteases, etc., dedifferentiation, and delipidation leading to fewer lipid droplets in the adipocytes ( 120 ). …

Ferroptosis: Frenemy of Radiotherapy.

Recently, it was established that ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death, plays a prominent role in radiotherapy-triggered cell death. Accordingly, ferroptosis inducers attracted a lot of interest as potential radio-synergizing drugs, ultimately enhancing radioresponses and patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the tumor microenvironment seems to have a major impact on ferroptosis induction. The influence of hypoxic conditions is an area of interest, as it remains the principal hurdle in the field of radiotherapy. In this review, we focus on the implications of hypoxic conditions

Перепрофилированный активатор Nrf2 диметилфумарат спасает мышцы воспаление и фиброз в отягченной мышиной модели мышечной дистрофии Дученна.

В унаследованных нейромускульных болезнях мышечная дистрофия Дюченна (ДМД) глюкокортикоиды значительно медленнее прогрессируют, но в то же время создают достаточно серьезные побочные эффекты, исключающие применение в значительной части пациентов. Распространяя наши выводы о том, что в результате острого лечения с УЛХ были одобрены многочисленные склерозные препараты, диметилфумарат (ДМФ), спасающая мышечную патологию у молодых мышей Mdx, мы намеревались провести доклиническое тестирование на перевод. Чтобы усилить фенотип болезни у взрослых мышц mdx, у которых обычно нет эквивалентной человече

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… (A – E) Percentage of perilipin-1+ lipid droplets in quadriceps. … (A – E) Percentage of perilipin-1+ lipid droplets in quadriceps. …

Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in hematological neoplasms: from liquid biopsy to cell biopsy.

In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly important in oncology. It consists in the isolation and analysis of tumor-derived biomarkers, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), in body fluids. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles, heterogeneous in size and molecular composition, released from both normal and neoplastic cells. In tumor context, EVs are valuable carriers of cancer information; in fact, their amount, phenotype and molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids, mirror nature and origin of parental cells rendering EVs a

Infectious Diseases

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Tumor heterogeneity as a driver of drug resistance and its implications for personalized therapy.

Tumors are highly dynamic diseases characterized by significant heterogeneity. They consist of multiple cellular populations with distinct properties that respond differently to therapeutic pressure. This heterogeneity may arise from spatial variation across tumor regions (spatial heterogeneity) as well as from temporal changes during tumor evolution and treatment (temporal heterogeneity). As a consequence, drug-resistant subclones often emerge under therapy and contribute to treatment failure. Advances in single-cell and spatial multi-omics technologies enable precise quantification of tumor

IDH Mutations in Glioma: Molecular, Cellular, Diagnostic, and Clinical Implications.

In 2021, the World Health Organization classified isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas as a distinct subgroup of tumors with genetic changes sufficient to enable a complete diagnosis. Patients with an IDH mutant glioma have improved survival which has been further enhanced by the advent of targeted therapies. IDH enzymes contribute to cellular metabolism, and mutations to specific catalytic residues result in the neomorphic production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). The accumulation of D-2-HG results in epigenetic alterations, oncogenesis and impacts the tumor microenvironment via i

Liposomes for the Treatment of Brain Cancer-A Review.

Due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and surface-conjugation capabilities, liposomes are effective nanocarriers that can encapsulate chemotherapeutic drugs and facilitate targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, strategies have been explored to synthesize liposomes that respond to internal and/or external stimuli to release their payload controllably. Although research into liposomes for brain cancer treatment is still in its infancy, these systems have great potential to fundamentally change the drug delivery landscape. This review paper attempts to consol

Surfactant-Enabled Nanocarriers in Breast Cancer Therapy: Targeted Delivery and Multidrug Resistance Reversal.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Its treatment is complicated by molecular heterogeneity and the frequent development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Conventional drug delivery approaches are often limited by poor aqueous solubility, rapid systemic clearance, non-specific biodistribution, and off-target toxicity. This review will critically explore the possibility of surfactant-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) in addressing the constraints of standard breast cancer treatments. It focuses on the mechanisms by which surfactan

Infectious Diseases

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Нейрональный метаболизм в совершенствовании кетогенного рациона в болезненной модели мыши, вызванной бортезомибами.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Кетогенная диета (КД) может способствовать целому ряду неврологических заболеваний, включая различные виды периферической нейропатии. Бортезомиб (ББТ) — первая химиотерапия для лечения множественной миэломы, оказывает нейротоксичное воздействие и часто вызывает периферическую нейропатию, вызванную химиотерапией. ЦЕЛИ: Здесь мы проверили, может ли KD предотвратить возникновение небольшой волокнистой нейропатии и поведенческой гиперчувствительности, связанной с периферической нейропатией (BIPN), вызванной бортезомибами. МЕТОДЫ: C57BL/мужчина6 Мышей кормили либо стандартной диетой, либо

Advances in the delivery of anticancer drugs by nanoparticles and chitosan-based nanoparticles.

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally, and conventional treatments have limited efficacy with severe side effects. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to reduce the side effects of drugs by creating efficient and controlled anticancer drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug carriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug protection, biodistribution, selectivity and, pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this review is devoted to various organic (lipid, polymeric) as well as inorganic nanoparticles based on different building units and providing a wide range of