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Role of PAX6, TRPA1, BCL11B, MCOLN2, CUX1, EMX1 in colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma.

Colorectal cancer is a cancer that arises from the abnormal growth of cells in the colon or rectum. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone tumor with high degree of malignancy. The configuration files for colorectal cancer dataset GSE142279 and OS datasets GSE197158 and GSE206448 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database using the platforms GPL20795, GPL20301, and GPL24676. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Functional

Effects of Physical Cues on Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles toward Neuropathy Applications.

The peripheral nervous system undergoes sufficient stress when affected by diabetic conditions, chemotherapeutic drugs, and personal injury. Consequently, peripheral neuropathy arises as the most common complication, leading to debilitating symptoms that significantly alter the quality and way of life. The resulting chronic pain requires a treatment approach that does not simply mask the accompanying symptoms but provides the necessary external environment and neurotrophic factors that will effectively facilitate nerve regeneration. Under normal conditions, the peripheral nervous system self-r

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… During embryonic development, localized neural crest stem cells invaginate to form the brain and the spinal cord, which expand from the neural tube [ 3 ]. … Later, neural crest stem cells migrate to the dorsal region of the embryo, differentiate into a mesenchymal lineage of PNS derivatives, and give rise to efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory) neurons [ 3 ]. …

Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy.

The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical

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… The scale bar represents a length of 100 μm. 4 The osteogenic differentiation capacity of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) that have characteristics resembling neural crest cells (NCCs). … Part (c) validates the cell surface marker screening using NS/PC-like and NCC-like scNS/PCs (single-cell-derived NS/PCs and neural crest cell-like NS/PCs). Flow cytometric analysis displays the frequencies of cells expressing the antigens. …

Obesity definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and telehealth: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.

BackgroundThe Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) regarding definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and telehealth is intended to provide clinicians an overview of obesity medicine and provide basic organizational tools towards establishing, directing, managing, and maintaining an obesity medical practice.MethodsThis CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by Obesity Medicine Association leadership.ResultsOMA has defined obesity as: "A chronic, progressive, relapsing, and

Small molecule modulators of chromatin remodeling: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration.

The dynamic changes in chromatin conformation alter the organization and structure of the genome and further regulate gene transcription. Basically, the chromatin structure is controlled by reversible, enzyme-catalyzed covalent modifications to chromatin components and by noncovalent ATP-dependent modifications via chromatin remodeling complexes, including switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF), inositol-requiring 80 (INO80), imitation switch (ISWI) and chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) complexes. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodeling is essential in different stag

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide: 30 Years in Research Spotlight and 600 Million Years in Service.

Emerging from the depths of evolution, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors (i.e., PAC1, VPAC1, VPAC2) are present in multicellular organisms from Tunicates to humans and govern a remarkable number of physiological processes. Consequently, the clinical relevance of PACAP systems spans a multifaceted palette that includes more than 40 disorders. We aimed to present the versatility of PACAP1-38 actions with a focus on three aspects: (1) when PACAP1-38 could be a cause of a malfunction, (2) when PACAP1-38 could be the cure for a malfunction, and (3) when PA

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… PACAP emerged along with other vertebrate landmark features including the notochord and migratory neural crest cells, which further suggests a critical PACAP function in vertebrate biology [ 133 ]. … Chordate ancestry of the neural crest: New insights from ascidians Semin Cell Dev. Biol. 2007 18 481 491 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.04.005 17509911 134. Nakamachi T. Ohtaki H. Seki T. Yofu S. Kagami N. Hashimoto H. Shintani N. Baba A. Mark L. Lanekoff I. …

Dynamic multimodal survival prediction in multiple myeloma integrating gene expression, longitudinal laboratory measurements, and treatment history.

Prognostic stratification in multiple myeloma (MM) relies on staging systems fixed at diagnosis, discarding temporal information accumulated during treatment. We developed a dynamic multimodal framework that predicts residual overall survival from observation windows of 1-18 months post-diagnosis. The model integrates DeepInsight-transformed gene expression, longitudinal trajectories of 10 laboratory analytes, and treatment history through missingness-aware gated fusion. On the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) cohort from the Relating Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma to Persona

Comprehensive analysis of acute flaccid paralysis with and without myelitis in Taiwanese children.

BACKGROUND: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome marked by the sudden onset of muscle weakness or paralysis, requiring immediate medical intervention due to its potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive studies on AFP, comparative analyses between cases with myelitis (M-AFP) and non-myelitis (NM-AFP) remain scarce. This study seeks to address this gap by analyzing demographic, clinical, and etiological distinctions between these groups. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 39 pediatric AFP patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2021. Particip

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… Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor arising from neural crest cells, typically affecting young children. …

Воздействие вицеральной ожирения на клинический исход и качество жизни пациентов с множественной миеломой: вторичный анализ данных о СТАМИНЕ (BMT CTN) 0702) Судебное разбирательство

Краткое изложение проблемы ожирения является общей проблемой для здоровья многих пациентов, страдающих миеломой (ММ), и она связана с плохими клиническими результатами и качеством жизни (КОЛ). Мы провели вторичный анализ БМТ CTN 0702, выборочное, контролируемое испытание с сопоставлением результатов three :: лечение после одной пересадки гематополиетических клеток (ГХТ) для изучения воздействия висцерального ожирения, измеряемого соотношением талии и голени (ВПЧ), на клинические результаты и QOL у пациентов с MM. 549 Пациенты ММ, средний возраст 55.5 Годы, были зачислены в исследование. Больши

Ex vivo drug response heterogeneity reveals personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy defined by complex genetics and extensive patient heterogeneity. Despite a growing arsenal of approved therapies, MM remains incurable and in need of guidelines to identify effective personalized treatments. Here, we survey the ex vivo drug and immunotherapy sensitivities across 101 bone marrow samples from 70 patients with MM using multiplexed immunofluorescence, automated microscopy and deep-learning-based single-cell phenotyping. Combined with sample-matched genetics, proteotyping and cytokine profiling, we map the molecular regulatory netwo

Prognostic significance of c-KIT in vulvar cancer: bringing this molecular marker from bench to bedside.

BackgroundVulvar carcinomas are rare tumors, and there is limited data regarding molecular alterations. To our knowledge there are no published studies on c-KIT and squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva (VSCC). Although there are a significant number of other tumor types which express c-KIT, there remains controversy as to its relationship to patient outcome. Thus, we wished to investigate such controversial findings to determine the prognostic importance of c-KIT by evaluating its protein and mRNA expression in VSCCs, correlating these findings with clinicopathological features and Human Papi

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… During development and adulthood, c-KIT modulates various processes including survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, germ cells and cells derived from the neural crest [ 12 , 13 ]. …

Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system: a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (NB) stands as a common and formidable malignant tumor among children, characterized by marked tumor heterogeneity and resistance to conventional treatments. Central to the regulation of protein stability, localization, and function is the process of ubiquitination-a critical protein modification. The therapeutic potential of drugs that target deubiquitination, demonstrated in the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma, warrants investigation in the context of NB. This review endeavors to demystify the intricate biological implications of ubiquitination within NB pathology, syn

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… Introduction Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant tumor originating from neural crest cells and predominantly affects children under 5 years old ( 1 , 2 ). Accounting for 6%–10% of childhood cancers, NB ranks as the most common extracranial solid tumor in children ( 3 ). …

Inactive matrix gla protein plasma levels are associated with peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesisDiabetic peripheral neuropathy is a frequent and severe complication of diabetes. As Matrix-gla-protein (MGP) is expressed in several components of the nervous system and is involved in some neurological disease, MGP could play a role in peripheral nervous system homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with sensitive diabetic neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes, and, in particular, dephospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), the inactive form of MGP.Methods198 patients with Type 2 Diabetes were included. Presence of sensitive diabetic neuropathy was defined

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… Inhibition of glial maturation by bone morphogenetic protein 2 in a neural crest-derived cell line . …

Средиземноморская диета и достаточность питательных микроэлементов в связи с риском повторного возникновения множественных склерозов: тематическое исследование.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием, под влиянием экологических факторов, включая рацион питания. Средиземное питание (MeDi), богатое антивоспалительными и антиокислительными соединениями, а также адекватность питательных микроэлементов могут снизить риск и прогрессировать в плане НР. АИМ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в изучении связей между Средиземноморским диетическим счётом (MDS), средним коэффициентом достаточности (MAR) и риском, связанным с НР, в рамках контроля за конкретными случаями. МЕТОДЫ: Это тематическое иссл

Unraveling Molecular and Genetic Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: Advances in Understanding Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Neurodegenerative diseases are, according to recent studies, one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. Interest in molecular genetics has started to experience exponential growth thanks to numerous advancements in technology, shifts in the understanding of the disease as a phenomenon, and the change in the perspective regarding gene editing and the advantages of this action. The aim of this paper is to analyze the newest approaches in genetics and molecular sciences regarding four of the most important neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Hunti

Изменения лакта и лактилации в неврологических расстройствах.

Значительное внимание стало уделяться изучению изменений в лактилации различных целевых органов как в области здравоохранения, так и в области болезней. Многие жизненно важные процессы и начало болезней связаны не только с избытком белков, но и в первую очередь регулируются различными посттрансляционными изменениями белков. Лактат, который раньше считался лишь побочным продуктом анаэробного метаболизма, превратился в важнейшую энергетическую субстрату и сигнализирующую молекулу, связанную как с физиологическими, так и патологическими процессами в нервной системе. Кроме того, в недавних исследо

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… They found that lactylation is integral in activating developmental gene regulatory networks, thus contributing to the formation of the epigenomic landscape required for the expression of genes that are essential for the development of neural crest cells (Merkuri et al., 2024). …

Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): A Dangerous "Message in A Bottle" for Bone.

Several studies have shown the importance of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the intercellular communication between tumour and resident cells. Through EVs, tumour cells can trigger cell-signalling molecules and shuttle exogenous information to target cells, thus promoting spread of the disease. In fact, many processes are fuelled by EVs, such as tumour invasion and dormancy, drug-resistance, immune-surveillance escape, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodelling and metastasis. A key element is certainly the molecular profile of the shed cargo. Understanding the biochemical basis of EVs w

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… EWS is histologically characterised by lesions consisting of a core of cells showing a low-grade of neural differentiation, which is due to their neural crest origin [ 48 , 49 ]. …

Biologics for bone regeneration: advances in cell, protein, gene, and mRNA therapies.

Bone fractures represent a significant global healthcare burden. Although fractures typically heal on their own, some fail to regenerate properly, leading to nonunion, a condition that causes prolonged disability, morbidity, and mortality. The challenge of treating nonunion fractures is further complicated in patients with underlying bone disorders where systemic and local factors impair bone healing. Traditional treatment approaches, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic biomaterials, face limitations such as donor site pain, immune rejection, and insufficient mechanical

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Peripheral Neuropathy under Oncologic Therapies: A Literature Review on Pathogenetic Mechanisms.

Peripheral neurologic complications are frequent adverse events during oncologic treatments and often lead to dose reduction, administration delays with time elongation of the therapeutic plan and, not least, worsening of patients' quality of life. Experience skills are required to recognize symptoms and clinical evidences and the collaboration between different health professionals, in particular oncologists and hospital pharmacists, grants a correct management of this undesirable occurrence. Some classes of drugs (platinates, vinca alkaloids, taxanes) typically develop this kind of side effe