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Nasal continuous positive airway pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants who are extubated following a period of invasive ventilation via an endotracheal tube are at risk of developing … t studies were conducted in high-income countries between 1982 and 2005. One study was conducted in Chile, which was classified as upper-middle income at the time of the study. All studies used head box oxygen in the control arm. Risk of bias was generally low. However, due to the inherent nature of the intervention, no studies incorporated blinding. Co …

CADASIL presenting with a movement disorder: a clinical study of a Chilean kindred.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary vascular disease that usually begins with migraine, followed by repeated strokes and progressive dementia. We describe an unusual clinical presentation of this condition in members of a Chilean family with an established NOTCH3 mutation. We report early clinical, neuropsychological, transcranial ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral blood flow, and skin biopsy findings on these patients. Of the patients, 2 presented with facial dystonia, 1 of whom had abnormal s…

hCG activates Epac-Erk1/2 signaling regulating Progesterone Receptor expression and function in human endometrial stromal cells.

STUDY QUESTION: How does hCG signal in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and what is its role in regulating ESC function? SUMMARY ANSW … work was supported by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, Government of Chile (FONDECYT) grants 11100443 and 1140614 (A.T.-P.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Pseudoautosomal abnormalities in terminal AZFb+c deletions are associated with isochromosomes Yp and may lead to abnormal growth and neuropsychiatric function.

STUDY QUESTION: Are copy number variations (CNVs) in the pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) frequent in subjects with Y-chromosome microdeletion … development and neuropsychiatric function. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We studied a cohort of 42 Chilean patients with complete AZF deletions (4 AZFa, 4 AZFb, 23 AZFc, 11 AZFb+c) from a university medical center, diagnosed over a period of 15 years. The subjects underwent complete medical examinations with special attention to their stature and neuro …

Trypanocidal drugs for chronic asymptomatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

BACKGROUND: Prevention of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) by treating infected populations with trypanocidal therapy (TT) remains a ch … to itraconazole). Five studies were conducted in Brazil, five in Argentina, one in Bolivia, one in Chile and one in Venezuela.TT was associated with substantial, but heterogeneous reductions on parasite-related outcomes such as positive serology (9 studies, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.44, I(2) = 76%), positive PCR (2 studies, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.92 …

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome: a 32-year experience.

BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestations of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) differ depending on the compromised anatomic structure. Arterial TOS is the least common (1-5% of all cases of TOS), yet the most threatening, due to the risk of limb loss. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients treated for arterial TOS between January 1979 and June 2012. Medical records and diagnostic images were reviewed, and follow-up was obtained. RESULTS: Nineteen procedures were performed in 18 patients for symptomatic arterial TOS. The average age was 34 years (range 16-69 years), and 1

Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab prolongs progression-free and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma and recurrence-free survival in resected stage III disease. KEYNOTE-716 assessed pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected, high-risk, stage II melanoma. We report results from the planned first and second interim analyses for recurrence-free survival. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study, involving 160 academic medical centres and hospitals in 16 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany,…

Substituting serum anti-Müllerian hormone for polycystic ovary morphology increases the number of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome: a community-based cross-sectional study.

STUDY QUESTION: Can serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) replace polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) determined by ultrasound as a diagnostic c … s from the NHMRC Australia, personal fees for educational activities from Besins Healthcare, Abbott Chile, BioFemme and Pfizer Australia, personal Advisory Board/consultancy fees from Theramex, Abbott Laboratories, Astellas, Mayne Pharmaceuticals, Roche Diagnostics, Lawley Pharmaceuticals and Que Oncology and has received institutional grant funding fro …

Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin.

Capsicum-derived ingredients function as skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous, external analgesics, flavoring agents, or fragrance components in cosmetics. These ingredients are used in 19 cosmetic products at concentrations as high as 5%. Cosmetic-grade material may be extracted using hexane, ethanol, or vegetable oil and contain the full range of phytocompounds that are found in the Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens plant (aka red chiles), including Capsaicin. Aflatoxin and N-nitroso compounds (N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine) have been detected as contaminants. The u…

Объем белого вещества и микроструктурная целостность связаны с усталостью при повторном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — широко распространенное неврологическое расстройство, характеризующееся воспалением и обезвоживанием, одним из наиболее известных и изнурительных симптомов которого является усталость. Хотя усталость наблюдается в различных неврологических условиях и даже в здоровых людях, конкретные механизмы, способствующие усталости в каждом контексте, остаются неясными. В этом исследовании мы провели перекрестный анализ, в котором приняли участие 32 человека с повторной пощечиной MS (PwRMS) и 29 здоровых контрольных устройств, сообщивших о усталости. Участники прошли МРТ-сканир

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… For PwRMS, participants were enrolled in the Multiple Sclerosis Program at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. A total of 77 PwRMS were initially assessed for eligibility. … Ethics declarations All participants gave informed consent, and all experimental procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee for Health Sciences at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile (ID: 220711001). …

Common haematological malignancies in Northeastern Nigeria: a multi-centre study of their pattern, distribution and treatment challenges.

BackgroundHaematological malignancies (HMs) are primary cancers of the blood and blood-forming organs. They are heterogeneous and of diverse clinical features, treatment protocols and prognoses. They constitute a significant source of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Northeastern Nigeria, being the region in the country with the worst literacy rate and poverty indices, is also battling with the burden of these diseases with the limited health facilities to adequately diagnose and treat these ailments. There is paucity of a comprehensive data on HMs in the region, so this study aims to r

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… A contrasting result of female preponderance was reported by Perez et al. in Chile ( 15 ). The high male preponderance in our study is similar to most publications on HMs both nationally and internationally. … This is similar to reports by Akaba et al., Perez et al. and Hungria et al. in Nigeria, Chile and Latin America ( 14 – 16 ). …

Photobiomodulation therapy to prevent oral mucositis and functional impairment in adult patients with haematological cancer undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: randomised trial protocol.

IntroductionOral mucositis is a highly prevalent condition in individuals treated for haematological neoplasms, primarily during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The condition is known to delay recovery processes, increasing the risk of infection, the number of interventions and the length of hospital stays. The proposed Photobiomodulation Therapy for Oral Mucositis and Functional Impairment Transplantation Trial aims to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of using photobiomodulation in the oral cavity to prevent oral mucositis and functional impairment in adult patients

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… The report on this protocol meets the requirements of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials. 25 Study setting Potential participants will be recruited at Clínica Dávila Recoleta in Santiago, Chile. … Chile; 2017. Guias practicas clinicas para el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyeticos. www.sochihem.cl Available. 27. Ferreira B, da Motta Silveira FM, de Orange FA. …

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating Regulatory T Cell Function.

Background/Objectives: In Latin America, yerba mate (YM) is a popular infusion processed from the leaves and stems of Ilex paraguariensis. YM has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in several studies, although the effect of YM on multiple sclerosis (MS) remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of YM on the development of MS, by using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model while also evaluating its effect over infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) and regulatory T cell (Treg) function. Methods: YM or

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… A hot or cold infusion of YM leaves and stems is traditionally consumed by South American countries, including Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay [ 13 ]. … For example, the prevalence rate in Chile has been found to be 5.69 per 100,000 people [ 56 ], while in Argentina the prevalence is around 18 per 100,000 inhabitants [ 57 ]. …

Tumour necrosis is an indicator of aggressive biology in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are inconclusive, because most data in the literature have been obtained from small series. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of tumour necrosis with cancer recurrence and survival in a large international series of patients treated with RNU. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 1425 patients treated with RNU at 13 centres and combined into a relational database. Pathologic slides were re-reviewed by genitourinary pathologists according to strict criteri

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… Burgos 5 1 Organelle Phagy Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago, Chile., Santiago, Chile; 2 Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de … y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile., Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; 5 Organelle Phagy Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia,Santiago, Chile …