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Biological and health effects of exposure to kerosene-based jet fuels and performance additives.

Over 2 million military and civilian personnel per year (over 1 million in the United States) are occupationally exposed, respectively, to j … isomeric forms), including varying concentrations of potential toxicants such as benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, trimethylpentane, methoxyethanol, naphthalenes (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], and certain other C(9)-C(12) fractions (i.e., n-propylbenzene, trimethylbenzene isomers). While hydrocarbon fuel exposures occur typically a …

Antiseptic Functions of CGK012 against HMGB1-Mediated Septic Responses.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a protein with important functions, has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis. One possible mechanism for this is that inhibiting HMGB1 secretion can exert antiseptic effects, which can restore the integrity of the vascular barrier. (7S)-(+)-cyclopentyl carbamic acid 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-6,7-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-7-yl-ester (CGK012) is a newly synthesized pyranocoumarin compound that could function as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, no studies have yet determi

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… After detecting a complete reaction by TLC, the mixture was cooled at room temperature, filtered on celite, and washed with toluene. The combined organic layers were washed three times with 300 mL of 3N HCl aqueous solution. … Reagents and conditions; (a) triethylamine (1.5 eq), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.6 eq), toluene, 110 °C, 24 h. 4.3. Animals and CLP Male C57BL/6 mice (6–7 weeks old; weight, 27 g) were obtained from Orient Bio Co. (Sungnam, Republic of Korea). …

Repression of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α by p53 after kidney injury promotes mitochondrial damage and maladaptive kidney repair.

Maladaptive kidney repair after injury is associated with a loss of mitochondrial homeostasis, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear whether this mitochondrial change contributes to maladaptive kidney repair or the development of chronic kidney problems after injury. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1a), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was persistently downregulated during maladaptive kidney repair after repeated low-dose cisplatin nephrotoxicity or unila

p53 Suppression partially rescues the mutant phenotype in mouse models of DiGeorge syndrome.

T-box 1 (Tbx1), a gene encoding a T-box transcription factor, is required for embryonic development in humans and mice. Half dosage of this gene in humans causes most of the features of the DiGeorge or Velocardiofacial syndrome phenotypes, including aortic arch and cardiac outflow tract abnormalities. Here we found a strong genetic interaction between Tbx1 and transformation related protein 53 (Trp53). Indeed, genetic ablation of Trp53, or pharmacological inhibition of its protein product p53, rescues significantly the cardiovascular defects of Tbx1 heterozygous and hypomorphic mutants. We fou

From Nature to Synthetic Compounds: Novel 1(N),2,3 Trisubstituted-5-oxopyrrolidines Targeting Multiple Myeloma Cells.

The insurgence of drug resistance in treating Multiple Myeloma (MM) still represents a major hamper in finding effective treatments, although over the past decades new classes of drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, have been discovered. Recently, our research team, within a Nature-Aided Drug Discovery project, isolated from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. calyces the secondary metabolite called Hib-ester which possesses antiproliferative properties against human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells, reduces migration and cell invasion and inhibits proteasome without neurotoxic

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… Scheme 4 Reagents and conditions: (i) Na (1.5 equiv.), CH 3 I (1 equiv.), anhydrous toluene, 18 h; (ii) SOCl 2 (2 equiv.), MeOH, r.t., overnight. … Scheme 6 Reaction conditions: (i) 4 Å MS, Toluene, r.t., 4 h; IRC 50 , 20 min.; (ii) Succinic or glutaric anhydride (1 equiv.), p -xylene, reflux, 140 °C, 10 h, (iii) EDC (1.5 equiv.), DMAP (0.5 equiv.), MeOH (2.5 equiv.). 2.2. …

pH-Sensitive Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks for Controlled Delivery of Para-Toluenesulfonamide and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for tumor treatment. PDT for treating lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) u … constructed with the porphyrin-based metal-organic framework compound PCN-224 to load the drug para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS). RESULTS: Multiple experiments have demonstrated that these NPs can be effectively absorbed and selectively release PTS within the acidic tumor microenvironment. Under 660 nm laser irradiation, the material releases reactive oxygen …

The atopic dermatitis-like lesion and the associated MRSA infection and barrier dysfunction can be alleviated by 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol from Antrodia camphorata.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease with an associated barrier dysfunction and Staphylococcus aureus infection. The mainstay steroid and calcineurin inhibitor therapy shows some adverse effects. 2,4-Dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol (DMD) is a benzenoid isolated from Antrodia camphorata. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the inhibitory effect of DMD on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), the chemokine production in stimulated keratinocytes, and the AD-like lesion found in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. METHODS: The antimicrobial effect and cutaneous barrier fun

XPD could suppress growth of HepG2.2.15 and down-regulate the expression of hepatitis B virus x protein through P53 pathway.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum D (XPD) on the growth of hepatoma cells and the expressions of P21, Bax, Bcl-2 and Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). In addition, we examined whether XPD affected the aforementioned genes via the P53 pathway. METHODS: Human hepatoma cells (HepG2.2.15) were transfected with XPD expression vector, followed by incubation with Pifithrin-α (P53 inhibitor). By using RT-PCR and Western blotting, the expression levels of XPD, P53, phospho-P53 (ser-15), P21, Bax, Bcl-2 and HBx were detected. The cell cycle and the apoptosis rate were ex

Structure elucidation and inhibitory effects of self-assembled organotin(IV) esters of p-tolyl acetic acid on bacterial, fungal, brine shrimp, and potato tumor cells.

Biologically active new organotin(IV) acetates (1-6) of p-tolyl acetic acid have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H, (13)C) and mass spectrometry. The X-ray crystallographic data of compounds (3 and 4) were also collected. These studies show that in diorganotin(IV) compounds (compounds 1, 2, 3, and 6), tin exists in skew trapezoidal geometry with four strong and two weaker bonds, whereas triorganotin(IV) carboxylates (compounds 4 and 5) have four and five coordinated geometries in solution and solid form, respectively. These compounds were scree

Synthesis, structure and properties of Pt(II) α-pyrrolyl dipyrrin complexes that exhibit anticancer activities.

The α-formyl pyrrolyl dipyrrin ligands were reacted with PtCl2 in toluene/Et3N under inert reflux conditions to afford unprecedented Pt(II) pyrrolyl dipyrrin complexes bearing a bulky N,N-diethyl ethenamine moiety at the α-position of the appended pyrrole ring. This transformation occurred via a Schiff base-type reaction between the α-formyl group and triethylamine. Notably, the α-pyrrolyl dipyrrin lacking the formyl substituent failed to form the Pt(II) complex, highlighting the critical role of the formyl group in complex formation and stabilization. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis…

Abnormal liver function associated with occupational exposure to dimethylformamide and hepatitis B virus.

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) has excellent solvent properties and is used intensively in the production of synthetic leather and resins. It h … posure, the HBV, drinking, body mass index (BMI), sex, duration of employment, epichlorohydrin, and toluene exposure adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for abnormal LFTs were 1.62 (0.61, 4.28) for workers with middle DMF exposure and 2.93 (1.27, 6.8) for those with high DMF exposure, and there was a significant dose response b …

Predicting Solvation Free Energies from the Minnesota Solvation Database Using Classical Density Functional Theory Based on the PC-SAFT Equation of State.

We critically assess the capabilities of classical density functional theory (DFT) based on the perturbed-chain statistical associating flui … h 473 solute-solvent systems. For solvents consisting of cyclic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene) with 245 solute-solvent systems, we report a slightly larger mean absolute error of 4.2 kJ mol-1. We identify three possible sources of errors: (i) the neglect of solute-solvent and solvent-solvent Coulomb interactions, which limi …

[Solid phase radioimmunoassay for plasma testosterone using plastic microtiter tray (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: In order to simply radioimmunoassay for plasma testosterone and to measure many samples at the same time, a method of solid phas … hrs. After removal of the incubated solution, the cups of DMT were cut off and were dissolved with toluene scintillator in counting vials. The radioactivity was counted with a liquid scintillation counter. RESULT: Other steroids except for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT) had a low degree of cross reactivity with the antiserum. Five alpha-DHT whi …

Mechanism of toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles exposure on restraining bone growth of young rats: acting on HDAC9 nucleocytoplasmic translocation-mediated p53 deacetylation involving in growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and ferroptosis.

Excessive intake of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in children may lead to abnormal development of cartilage growth plates. Elucidating the mechanism underlying the toxicity of TiO2 NPs on chondrocytes contributes to the prevention and clinical treatment of short stature in children. Herein, we found that TiO2 NPs inhibited chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Elevated levels of oxidative stress and activation of ferroptosis were observed in TiO2 NP-exposed chondrocytes. HDAC9 was downregulated in TiO2 NP-exposed chondrocytes, of which overexpression reversed TiO2 NP-media

THOC1 deficiency leads to late-onset nonsyndromic hearing loss through p53-mediated hair cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis of cochlear hair cells is a key step towards age-related hearing loss. Although numerous genes have been implicated in the genetic causes of late-onset, progressive hearing loss, few show direct links to the proapoptotic process. By genome-wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous p.L183V variant in THOC1 as the probable cause of the late-onset, progressive, non-syndromic hearing loss in a large family with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thoc1, a member of the conserved multisubunit THO/TREX ribonucleoprotein complex, is highly expressed in mouse

Proton-transfer reactions to half-sandwich ruthenium trihydride complexes bearing hemilabile P,N ligands: experimental and density functional theory studies.

The trihydride complexes [Cp*RuH(3)(kappa(1)-P-(i)Pr(2)PCH(2)X)] [X = pyridine (Py), 2a; quinoline (Quin), 2b] have been prepared by reactio … ion pathway. The reactions with weak donors such as PhCOOH, indole, or salicylic acid in benzene or toluene result in the formation of hydrogen-bonded adducts between the proton donor and the pendant pyridine or quinoline group. However, in a more polar solvent such as dichloromethane, there is spectral evidence for the proton transfer to the hydride to y …

Prevalence, drug education, and other associated factors of current illicit drug use among a nationally representative sample of school-aged adolescents in the Philippines in 2019.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, drug education, and associated individual level, family and peer level, schoo … ding cannabis, methamphetamine, ecstasy, rugby (a contact cement used as an adhesive which contains Toluene), and cocaine, was assessed by self-report. In order to determine the variables associated with current illicit drug use, the study used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of current illicit drug use w …

POP-pincer ruthenium complexes: d(6) counterparts of osmium d(4) species.

A wide range of ruthenium complexes stabilized by the POP-pincer ligand xant(P(i)Pr2)2 (9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene) were prepared starting from cis-RuCl2{κ-S-(DMSO)4} (1; DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide). Treatment of toluene solutions of this adduct with the diphosphine under reflux leads to RuCl2{xant(P(i)Pr2)2}(κ-S-DMSO) (2), which reacts with H2 in the presence of a Brønsted base. The reaction in the presence of Et3N affords RuHCl{xant(P(i)Pr2)2}(κ-S-DMSO) (3), whereas NaH removes both chloride ligands to give RuH2{xant(P(i)Pr2)2}(κ-S-DMSO) (4). The stirring of 3 in 2-pro…

[Evaluation of indoor air contaminants by means of reference and guideline values].

Assessment of indoor air contaminants is recommended to be based on toxicologically derived guideline values (GV, German: Richtwerte, RW) fo … sensitive people. According to a general scheme, guideline values I and II have been derived for - toluene (0.3 and 3 mg/m(3)), - pentachlorophenol (0.1 and 1 microg/m(3)), - dichloromethane (0.2 and 2 mg/m(3)), - styrene (0.03 and 0.3 mg/m(3)), - tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (0.005 and 0.05 mg/m(3)), - bicyclic terpenes (0.2 and 2 mg/m(3), - naphthalene …

Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted to determine multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using a quick, simple, inexpensive, an … e-volume injection of 8 microL is typically needed, or the extract can be concentrated to 4 g/mL in toluene, in which case 2 microL splitless injection is used. In the study, the averaged results for data from 7-13 laboratories (not using internal standardization) for the 18 blind duplicates at the 9 spiking levels in the 3 matrixes are as follows [%recov …