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MicroRNAs and Chinese Medicinal Herbs: New Possibilities in Cancer Therapy.

In recent decades Chinese medicine has been used worldwide as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat cancer. Plenty of studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play fundamental roles in many pathological processes, including cancer, while the anti-cancer mechanisms of Chinese medicinal herbs targeting miRNAs also have been extensively explored. Our previous studies and those of others on Chinese medicinal herbs and miRNAs in various cancer models have provided a possibility of new cancer therapies, for example, up-regulating the expression of miR-23a may activate the positive regu

Pathological Crosstalk between Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells and the Bone Microenvironment.

Bone is the most common metastatic site in breast cancer. Upon arrival to the bone, disseminated tumor cells can undergo a period of dormancy but often eventually grow and hijack the bone microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of multiple cell types including the bone cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells that all have crucial functions in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Tumor cells severely disturb the tightly controlled cellular and molecular interactions in the bone marrow fueling their own survival and growth. While the role of bone resorbing osteo

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… Adipocytes contain lipid droplets which are a source of fatty acids. Interestingly, adipocytes located close to tumor cells have been shown to transport their lipid droplets to the cancer cells, and therefore serve the cancer cells as a source of energy and impacting their metabolism [ 67 ]. …

Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy.

Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catech

Новое понимание механизма нейрохимического несбалансированности при множественном склерозе: ненормальный перенос внеклеточного пространства мозга.

Нейрохимический дисбаланс является фактором, способствующим возникновению неврологических симптомов при множественном склерозе (МС). Взрослая милиновая оболочка имеет решающее значение для транспортировки веществ в внеклеточном пространстве (ЭКС) и для поддержания местного гомеостаза. Поэтому мы предположим, что нарушение переноса ЭКС после демиелионирующих повреждений может привести к нейрохимическому дисбалансу в MS. В рамках нынешнего исследования для изучения пространственных нейрохимических изменений использовалась односторонняя модель MS, вызванная лизофосфатидилхолином. Результаты показ

Obesity: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.

Over the past few decades, obesity has transitioned from a localized health concern to a pressing global public health crisis affecting over 650 million adults globally, as documented by WHO epidemiological surveys. As a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pathological adipose tissue expansion, chronic inflammation, and neuroendocrine dysregulation that disrupts systemic homeostasis and impairs physiological functions, obesity is rarely an isolated condition; rather, it is frequently complicated by severe comorbidities that collectively elevate mortality risks. Despite advances in nutr

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… WAT primarily functions to store energy by converting glucose and fatty acids (FA) into triglycerides, which are housed in large unilocular lipid droplets. Subsequently, these are released as free fatty acids (FFA) within adipocytes [ 14 ]. … Obesity can have an impact on whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism, which exacerbates the overproduction or excessive uptake in the liver and lipid droplet buildup in the hepatic parenchyma [ 187 , 188 ]. …

Metabolomics for hematologic malignancies: Advances and perspective.

With the use of advanced technology, metabolomics allows for a thorough examination of metabolites and other small molecules found in biological specimens, blood, and tissues. In recent years, metabolomics has been recognized that is closely related to the development of malignancies in the hematological system. Alterations in metabolomic pathways and networks are important in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies and can also provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, accurate staging, and individualized targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the prog

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… Studies have shown that blocking autophagy can lead to an increase in lipid droplets formation as a result of reduced FA β-oxidation, resulting in a reduction of oxidative phosphorylation specifically in AML cells. …

Defining neuroblastoma: From origin to precision medicine.

Neuroblastoma (NB), a heterogenous pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common and deadly extracranial solid malignancy diagnosed in infants. Numerous efforts have been invested in understanding its origin and in development of novel curative targeted therapies. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of the cell of origin and the genetic alterations occurring during development that contribute to NB. We discuss current treatment regimens, present and future directions for the identification of novel therapeutic metabolic targets, differentiation

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… We also showed that inhibition of carnitine/palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, reduced proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. 80 Moreover, inhibition of MYCN impaired β-oxidation of fatty acids leading to the accumulation of lipid droplets. 98 Tao et al., reported … MYC inhibition induces metabolic changes leading to accumulation of lipid droplets in tumor cells. PNAS. 2013;110(25):10258–10263. 99. Tao L, Mohammad MA, Milazzo G, et al. MYCN-driven fatty acid uptake is a metabolic vulnerability in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):3728. 100. …

Advancing Medulloblastoma Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms, Drug Repurposing, and Precision Therapies.

Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, representing approximately 20% of the central nervous system cancers in children. These tumors are highly heterogeneous and classified into four molecular subgroups-WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4-each with distinct genetic and epigenetic profiles that influence tumor behavior, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes. Advances in molecular diagnostics have improved the subclassification of medulloblastomas, yet treatment outcomes for high-risk subtypes, particularly Group 3, remain poor, with current modalities often asso

The Relevance of Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Personalized Medicine through Its Successful Application in Cancer "Omics".

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical technology on which the emerging omics domains; such as genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics and metabolomics; are based. This quantifiable technique allows for the identification of thousands of proteins from cell culture; bodily fluids or tissue using either global or targeted strategies; or detection of biologically active metabolites in ultra amounts. The routine performance of MS technology in the oncological field provides a better understanding of human diseases in terms of pathophysiology; prevention; diagnosis and treatment; as well a

Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far?

Curcumin has been credited with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension, infectious diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, obesity, and skin diseases. However, due to its weak solubility and bioavailability, it has limited potential as an oral medication. Numerous factors including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability at alkaline pH, and fast metabolism contri

PPAR-γ in Melanoma and Immune Cells: Insights into Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications.

Changes in skin pigmentation, like hyperpigmentation or moles, can affect appearance and social life. Unlike locally containable moles, malignant melanomas are aggressive and can spread rapidly, disproportionately affecting younger individuals with a high potential for metastasis. Research has shown that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and its ligands exhibit protective effects against melanoma. As a transcription factor, PPAR-γ is crucial in functions like fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. Activation of PPAR-γ promotes lipid uptake and enhances sensitivi

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… For this reason, the monocytes start accumulating lipid droplets and differentiate into M2 macrophages. … The accumulation of fatty acids and oxidized lipids in the TME leads to the increased uptake and accumulation of lipid droplets by DCs. This leads to downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules and a reduction in their representation on the cell surface [ 293 ]. …

Keyword Index for Volume 88

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Мультиэнштейная геномная ассоциация и мультиомикальный анализ позволяют выявить специфичные особенности многоклерозной генетики.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы, характеризующееся обезвоживанием, распространяющимся в пространстве и во времени. Здесь мы провели исследование ассоциации генома (GWAS) с использованием 688 Количество дел, связанных с НР и 205,199 :: контроль со стороны японского населения и выявление важных связей в основном сложном регионе, связанном с гистокомпьютерностью, и в 11q24 году вариант риска, учитывающий специфику населения. С помощью межнаселенных метаанализов GWAS с использованием всего 29,374 случаи и случаи 1,843,563 контроля с 4

Метаболомическое исследование синдромов миэлодипластика, множественной миеломы и гомозиговой β-Талассемии.

Хроническая анемия, как правило, диагностируется у пожилых людей и служит важным показателем как реактивных, так и клональных заболеваний. Многие основные заболевания, такие, как миэллодипластические синдромы и множественная миелома, более распространены среди пожилых людей, в то время как новые терапевтические подходы превратили педиатрические расстройства слабого прогноза, такие, как бета-талассемия, в хроническое заболевание пожилых людей. Таким образом, растущая распространенность хронической анемии в пожилом возрасте в значительной степени объясняется более частыми диагностическими и тера

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… Cancer cells also store excess lipids and cholesterol in specific structures termed lipid droplets (LDs), the presence of which is considered a marker of poor prognosis and chemoresistance [ 128 ]. …

Short and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most frequent kidney malignancy and remains a major clinical challenge due to its often silent onset, high metastatic potential, and limited responsiveness to conventional chemotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are key regulators of RCC tumorigenesis, progression, and therapy resistance. Rather than providing a purely descriptive overview, this review focuses on emerging mechanistic paradigms through which ncRNAs actively shap

Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly

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… At the ultrastructural level, several changes are observed with age, including mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization, and increased lipid droplets, lysosomes, and autophagosomes [ 91 ]. … No colocalization was detected between fluorescent edelfosine and other subcellular organelles or compartments, such as the Golgi, spindle pole, endosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and lipid droplets [ 200 ]. …

What is the impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on outcomes in people living with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)? An umbrella review protocol.

IntroductionAn estimated 254 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) and 1.6 billion with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) worldwide. CHB remains a major global health challenge, despite a robust vaccine and suppressive antiviral treatment, and MASLD prevalence is increasing in line with a rise in cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, understanding the impact of concurrent CHB and MASLD on liver health is important to inform clinical practice and population surveillance. Current literature, including over

Exosomes: innovative biomarkers leading the charge in non-invasive cancer diagnostics.

Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by diverse cell types, have emerged as promising biomarkers for non-invasive tumor diagnostics, offering significant advantages over traditional methods. These vesicles, typically ranging from 30 to 150 nanometers in size, carry a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, RNA, and microRNAs, which reflect the molecular alterations occurring within their parent cells. Notably, exosomes can be isolated from easily accessible biofluids such as blood, urine, and saliva, making them ideal candidates for liquid biopsy applications. This review explores th

Импайримент митохондрий скелетных мышц у пациентов с новой диагностированной множественной склерозом, выявленный ¹H/³¹P магнитно-резонансной спектроскопией.

Нарушение функции митохондрий участвует в патофизиологии множественной скlerоза (МС) и может способствовать его усталости и слабости мышц. Являются ли метаболические изменения скелетных мышц присутствующими на этапе начала заболевания — неясно. В этой наблюдательной изученной парой случаев и контрольной группы мы исследовали метаболизм мышц и его связь с системными метаболическими показателями у новых пациентов с МС (ПМС), не подвергшихся лечению, и соответствующих здоровых контрольных групп. Метаболизм гастроцинемия оценивался с помощью статической и динамической 7 Т 1H/31P магнитно-резонансн

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… IMCL are small lipid droplets near mitochondria within myocytes 32 , increasing with aging, insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, though the “athlete’s paradox” describes higher IMCL in athletes despite high insulin sensitivity 44 . …

Myelin Displacement and Revention in the Central Nervous System: Молекулярные механизмы, болезни и перспективные терапевтические цели.

Майлин пластичность имеет основополагающее значение для формирования нейронных сетей и оптимизации нейронных функций, формирования схем, регулирующих эмоции, сознание, сенсацию и управление двигателем. Подкомбинированный олигодендроцитами, миелин подвергается пожизненной реконструкции, которая требует высокой метаболической активности; это делает миелин-олигодендроцитную единицу весьма восприимчивой к метаболическому стрессу, старению и патологическим оскорблениям. Хотя обезвоживание является основной характеристикой различных хронических неврологических расстройств, в настоящем обзоре особо п