Результаты поиска

Gene expression signatures that predict radiation exposure in mice and humans.

BackgroundThe capacity to assess environmental inputs to biological phenotypes is limited by methods that can accurately and quantitatively measure these contributions. One such example can be seen in the context of exposure to ionizing radiation.Methods and findingsWe have made use of gene expression analysis of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells to develop expression profiles that accurately reflect prior radiation exposure. We demonstrate that expression profiles can be developed that not only predict radiation exposure in mice but also distinguish the level of radiation exposure, rang

KRAS mutation in secondary malignant histiocytosis arising from low grade follicular lymphoma.

BackgroundTransformation of follicular lymphoma most typically occurs as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, however other forms of transformation such as classic Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoblastic transformation can occur. Secondary malignant histiocytosis also represents a rare form of transformation, which is thought to occur due to a process of transdifferentiation whereby the lymphoma cells exhibit lineage plasticity and lose all evidence of B-cell phenotype and instead acquire the phenotype of a histiocytic neoplasm. Little is known about the underlying genetic alterations that occur during t

Hypothesis: are neoplastic macrophages/microglia present in glioblastoma multiforme?

Most malignant brain tumours contain various numbers of cells with characteristics of activated or dysmorphic macrophages/microglia. These cells are generally considered part of the tumour stroma and are often described as TAM (tumour-associated macrophages). These types of cells are thought to either enhance or inhibit brain tumour progression. Recent evidence indicates that neoplastic cells with macrophage characteristics are found in numerous metastatic cancers of non-CNS (central nervous system) origin. Evidence is presented here suggesting that subpopulations of cells within human gliomas

Public Omics Explorer (POE): Создание возможностей для комплексного семантического поиска по наборам данных GEO omics на основе публикаций PubMed.

Экспоненциальный рост общедоступных массивов данных об омиках и биомедицинской литературы создает как возможности, так и проблемы для открытия данных в области биологических наук. В то время как " Gene Express Omnibus " (GEO) содержит миллионы высокопроизводительных экспериментальных наборов данных, Европейский архив нуклеотидов (ENA) хранит соответствующие исходные данные о последовательности, а " PubMed " содержит большой объем соответствующих научных публикаций, комплексное исследование этих ресурсов по-прежнему носит ограниченный характер. Мы представляем "Public Omics

Advances in antisense oligonucleotide development for target identification, validation, and as novel therapeutics.

Antisense oligonucleotides (As-ODNs) are single stranded, synthetically prepared strands of deoxynucleotide sequences, usually 18-21 nucleotides in length, complementary to the mRNA sequence of the target gene. As-ODNs are able to selectively bind cognate mRNA sequences by sequence-specific hybridization. This results in cleavage or disablement of the mRNA and, thus, inhibits the expression of the target gene. The specificity of the As approach is based on the probability that, in the human genome, any sequence longer than a minimal number of nucleotides (nt), 13 for RNA and 17 for DNA, normal

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Altered Inflammatory Pathway in an Inducible Glial Cell Model of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most frequent inherited muscular dystrophy in adults, is caused by the CTG repeat expansion in the 3'UTR of the DMPK gene. Mutant DMPK RNA accumulates in nuclear foci altering diverse cellular functions including alternative splicing regulation. DM1 is a multisystemic condition, with debilitating central nervous system alterations. Although a defective neuroglia communication has been described as a contributor of the brain pathology in DM1, the specific cellular and molecular events potentially affected in glia cells have not been totally recognized. Thus,

Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs Deregulated in Multiple Myeloma Cells Resistant to Proteasome Inhibitors.

While the clinical benefit of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains unchallenged, dose-limiting toxicities and the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limit their long-term utility. Disease eradication is compromised by drug resistance that is either present de novo or therapy-induced, which accounts for the majority of tumor relapses and MM-related deaths. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a broad class of RNA molecules, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that do not encode proteins but play a major role in regulating the fundamental cellular processes

2021 European Myeloma Network review and consensus statement on smoldering multiple myeloma: how to distinguish (and manage) Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

According to the updated International Myeloma Working Group criteria, smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic plasma cell disorder characterized by an M-component >3 g/dL, bone marrow plasma cell infiltration >10% and <60%, and absence of any myeloma-defining event. Active multiple myeloma is preceded by SMM, with a median time to progression of approximately 5 years. Cases of SMM range from the extremes of "monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance-like", in which patients never progress during their lifetimes, to "early multiple myeloma", in which transformation into s

A Rare Presentation of HIV-Negative Plasmablastic Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma (PCM) have many overlapping characteristics. Clinical correlation can help make the distinction between the two entities. Human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) negative PBL is a rare disease, making the diagnosis more challenging. While there is no standard of care for PBL, current recommendations include dose-adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone), with or without bortezomib. We report an aggressive case of HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma and discuss the challenge in establish

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Genomic profiling of plasmablastic lymphoma using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH): revealing significant overlapping genomic lesions with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Journal of Hematology and Oncology. 2009;2(1):p. 47. doi: 10.1186/1756-8722-2-47. 6. …

Artificial Intelligence for Risk Stratification in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review of Classification Models and Predictive Performances.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy, with various outcomes despite significant advances in therapeutic options. Current conventional prognostic tools, e.g., the International Prognostic Index (IPI), lack sufficient precision at an individual patient level. However, artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), can enable specialists to navigate complex datasets, with the final aim of improving prognostic models for DLBCL. Objectives: This scoping review aims to systematically map the current litera

Using ncRNAs as Tools in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment-The Way towards Personalized Medicine to Improve Patients' Health.

Although the first discovery of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dates back to 1958, only in recent years has the complexity of the transcriptome started to be elucidated. However, its components are still under investigation and their identification is one of the challenges that scientists are presently facing. In addition, their function is still far from being fully understood. The non-coding portion of the genome is indeed the largest, both quantitatively and qualitatively. A large fraction of these ncRNAs have a regulatory role either in coding mRNAs or in other ncRNAs, creating an intracellular

NTRK Fusion in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy, and TRK Inhibitor Resistance.

Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion has been identified as an oncogenic driver of various solid tumors, and it is rare in non-smalll cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a frequency of approximately less than 1%. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is of priority for detecting NTRK fusions, especially RNA-based NGS. Currently, the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors have shown promising efficacy and well tolerance in patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumors, regardless of tumor histology. The first-generation TRK inhibitors (larotrectinib and entrectinib) are reco

Long non-coding RNA LINC00968 attenuates drug resistance of breast cancer cells through inhibiting the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating WNT2.

BackgroundBreast cancer is one the most common cancers, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with tightly regulated expression patterns, also serve as tumor suppressor during tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00968 in breast cancer via WNT2-mediated Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway.MethodsBreast cancer chip GSE26910 was utilized to identify differential expression in LINC00968 and WNT2. The possible relationship among LINC00968, transcriptional repressor HEY and WNT2 was analyzed and then verif

Antibiotic-Free Gene Vectors: A 25-Year Journey to Clinical Trials.

Until very recently, the major use, for gene therapy, specifically of linear or circular DNA, such as plasmids, was as ancillary products for viral vectors' production or as a genetic template for mRNA production. Thanks to targeted and more efficient physical or chemical delivery techniques and to the refinement of their structure, non-viral plasmid DNA are now under intensive consideration as pharmaceutical drugs. Plasmids traditionally carry an antibiotic resistance gene for providing the selection pressure necessary for maintenance in a bacterial host. Nearly a dozen different antibiotic-f

The Relevance of Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Personalized Medicine through Its Successful Application in Cancer "Omics".

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical technology on which the emerging omics domains; such as genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics and metabolomics; are based. This quantifiable technique allows for the identification of thousands of proteins from cell culture; bodily fluids or tissue using either global or targeted strategies; or detection of biologically active metabolites in ultra amounts. The routine performance of MS technology in the oncological field provides a better understanding of human diseases in terms of pathophysiology; prevention; diagnosis and treatment; as well a

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Another technique used is comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) which analyzes chromosomal deletions and duplications present in whole genome. Proteomics refers to all proteins present in a specific cell; a pattern that is highly dynamic between cell types and environment response. … The increase or decrease in the copy number of different DNA regions is determined through comparative genome hybridization to DNA microarrays. The DNA is expressed by being transcribed into various RNA species. The RNA species constitutes the transcriptome. …

LncRNA LGALS8-AS1 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis Through miR-125b-5p/SOX12 Feedback Regulatory Network.

BackgroundMetastasis is a major factor weakening the long-term survival of breast cancer patients. Increasing evidence revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of LGALS8-AS1 in the metastatic progression of breast cancer cells and its potential mechanisms.ResultsThe lncRNA LGALS8-AS1 was highly expressed in breast cancer and associated with poor survival. LGALS8-AS1 functioned as an oncogenic lncRNA that promoted the metastasis of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. It upr

An Overview of Advances in Rare Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Cancer stands as the leading global cause of mortality, with rare cancer comprising 230 distinct subtypes characterized by infrequent incidence. Despite the inherent challenges in addressing the diagnosis and treatment of rare cancers due to their low occurrence rates, several biomedical breakthroughs have led to significant advancement in both areas. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques that encompass new-generation sequencing and multi-omics, coupled with the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, that have revolutioniz

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… This type of omics also includes comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays to help detect amplifications or deletions of specific genomic regions, providing information about chromosomal instability in cancer cells. … Genomic analysis, comprising NGS, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays, has been integral to studying and diagnosing rare cancers for decades. …

Stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer: A microRNA-nanocomposite approach.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality. The lifetime risk of developing CRC is about 5% in adult males and females. CRC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and at this point therapy has a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival. Novel and/or improved CRC therapeutic options are needed. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development has been reported, and their regulation in many oncogenic pathways suggests their potent tumor suppressor action. Although miRNAs provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer, challenges such as

Nanomaterials in gene therapy and genome editing: challenges and emerging directions.

Nanomaterials are redefining the landscape of gene and genome editing, yet their translation to clinical reality remains constrained by multiple unresolved challenges. While they provide structural and functional advantages for delivering nucleic acids and CRISPR/Cas systems across biological barriers, their behavior within living systems is often unpredictable, leading to issues such as off-target editing, immune activation, and inconsistent biodistribution. The design of nanocarriers, whether lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, must therefore balance efficiency with safety, integrating physic

Искусственный интеллект, видоизменяющий парадигму гематологического диагноза и лечения злокачественных заболеваний: от статической оценки до динамического управления точностью.

Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) все чаще изучается в качестве инструмента содействия более точному и динамичному управлению диагностикой и лечением гематологов. В отличие от предыдущих обзоров, в которых основное внимание уделялось отдельным типам заболеваний или изолированным технологическим путям, в настоящем документе содержится всеобъемлющий обзор текущих прикладных программ АИШ и последних достижений в области диагностики, классификации, оценки прогнозов и принятия решений по лечению лейкемии, лимфомы, множественной миэломы и миэлодиспластических синдромов. Она охватывает ключевые технически