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Obesity and Cancer: A Current Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Outcomes, and Management.

BackgroundObesity or excess body fat is a major global health challenge that has not only been associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease but is also a major risk factor for the development of and mortality related to a subgroup of cancer. This review focuses on epidemiology, the relationship between obesity and the risk associated with the development and recurrence of cancer and the management of obesity.MethodsA literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed and the keywords 'obesity' and cancer' were used. The search was limited to research papers publish

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… The SUCCESS C (Docetaxel Based Anthracycline Free Adjuvant Treatment Evaluation, as Well as Lifestyle Intervention) phase 3 randomized trial assessed whether physical activity and healthy diets following adjuvant chemotherapy in 3643 women with early-stage breast cancer reduce disease-free survival [ …

Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of therapeutic alternating electric fields (tumor treating fields [TTFields]).

Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types, the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. Invariably in these cancers, the control achieved by time-limited interventions such as traditional surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy is short-lived. A new form of anti-cancer therapy called therapeutic alternating electric fields (AEFs) or tumor treating fields (TTFields) has been shown, either by itself or in combination with chemotherapy, to have anti-cancer effects that translate to improved survival outc

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… standard chemotherapies are currently underway for many other cancer types, e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma with sorafenib (ClinicalTrials: NCT03606590 , https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03606590 ; Gkika et al., 2022 ), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with immune checkpoint inhibitors or docetaxel …

Adding recombinant AAVs to the cancer therapeutics mix.

Gene therapy is a powerful biological tool that is reshaping therapeutic landscapes for several diseases. Researchers are using both non-viral and viral-based gene therapy methods with success in the lab and the clinic. In the cancer biology field, gene therapies are expanding treatment options and the possibility of favorable outcomes for patients. While cellular immunotherapies and oncolytic virotherapies have paved the way in cancer treatments based on genetic engineering, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), a viral-based module, is also emerging as a potential cancer therapeutic thr

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… Subtypes | Examples | Mechanism of action | Disadvantages Chemotherapy 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 | platinum agents, alkylating agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, antimetabolites, taxanes | carboplatin and cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine, paclitaxel and docetaxel …

Poster Presentation

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… deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D3 Dr Rabiya Abdu Razak Malayil, Dr Sushma Bhatnagar AIIMS New Delhi Background: The prevalence of CIPN has been estimated to be 68.1% in the 1st month after administration of platinum (oxaliplatin/carboplatin) or taxane based antineoplastic agents (paclitaxel/Docetaxel …

Polypharmacy and medication use in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without kidney replacement therapy compared to matched controls.

BackgroundThis study aims to examine polypharmacy (PP) prevalence in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage G4/G5 and patients with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) compared with matched controls from the general population. Furthermore, we examine risk factors for PP and describe the most commonly dispensed medications.MethodsDutch health claims data were used to identify three patient groups: CKD Stage G4/G5, dialysis and kidney transplant patients. Each patient was matched to two controls based on age, sex and socio-economic status (SES) score. We differentiated between 'all medic

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… | Gemcitabine L01BC06 | Capecitabine L01BC07 | Azacitidine L01BC08 | Decitabine L01BC53 | Tegafur and Gimeracil and Oteracil L01BC59 | Trifluridine and Tipiracil L01CA01 | Vinblastine L01CA02 | Vincristine L01CA04 | Vinorelbine L01CB01 | Etoposide L01CB02 | Teniposide L01CD01 | Paclitaxel L01CD02 | Docetaxel …

Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib parallels a reduction in head and neck cancer cells growth, and an increase in tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) has frequently an aggressive course for the development of resistance to standard chemotherapy. Thus, the use of innovative therapeutic drugs is being assessed. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with anticancer effects. In vitro antitumoral activity of Bortezomib was investigated employing human tongue (SCC-15, CAL-27), pharynx (FaDu), salivary gland (A-253) cancer cell lines and a murine cell line (SALTO-5) originated from a salivary gland adenocarcinoma arising in BALB-neuT male mice transgenic for the oncogene neu. Bortezomib inhibited cell proliferation, trigg

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… Nuclear factor-kappa B pathway and response in a phase II trial of bortezomib and docetaxel in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann. Oncol. 2010;21:864–870. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp390. 28. Dudek AZ, et al. …

Therapeutic Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Based Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to deliver potent cytotoxic agents into tumor tissues. During the last two decades, a plethora of ADCs have been successfully developed and used for several indications, including hematologic and solid tumors. In this work, we systematically reviewed the progress in ADC development for the treatment of HNC.MethodsThis review was registered in PROSPERO database. A comprehensive search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science database.ResultsIn total, 19 studies were included. Due to the significa

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… So far, surgical removal represents the first-line treatment for HNC, complemented by chemotherapy, including cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and docetaxel [ 6 , 7 ], and/or radiotherapy (RT), particularly at advanced stages [ 8 ]. …

Antibody-Antineoplastic Conjugates in Gynecological Malignancies: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

In the last decade, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), normally formed by a humanized antibody and a small drug via a chemical cleavable or non-cleavable linker, have emerged as a potential treatment strategy in cancer disease. They allow to get a selective delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents at the tumor level, and, consequently, to improve the antitumor efficacy and, especially to decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity. Currently, nine antibody-drug conjugate-based formulations have been already approved and more than 80 are under clinical trials for the treatment of several tumors, especi

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… Phase II randomized study of trastuzumab emtansine versus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer J. Clin. Oncol. 2013 31 1157 1163 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.9694 23382472 81. Verma S. Miles D. Gianni L. Krop I.E. Welslau M. …

The use of validated and nonvalidated surrogate endpoints in two European Medicines Agency expedited approval pathways: A cross-sectional study of products authorised 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: In situations of unmet medical need or in the interests of public health, expedited approval pathways, including conditional marketing authorisation (CMA) and accelerated assessment (AA), speed up European Medicines Agency (EMA) marketing authorisation recommendations for medicinal products. CMAs are based on incomplete benefit-risk assessment data and authorisation remains conditional until regulator-imposed confirmatory postmarketing measures are fulfilled. For products undergoing AA, complete safety and efficacy data should be available, and postauthorisation measures may includ

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… subgroups” (p. 74) | Y | 2× Phase I/II | 0 | 4 | 3 04/09/2011 (AA) | abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) (EMA/CHMP/542871/2011) [ 83 ] | “[I]n combination prednisone or prednisolone in the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer in adult men whose disease has progressed on or after a docetaxel-based …

Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives.

The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a

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… Synergistic activity with other chemo- or immunotherapies was also achieved in in vitro therapies using drugs such as Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, Docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, Regorafenib, Sunitinib and Everolimus [ 55 ]. …

Advances in antisense oligonucleotide development for target identification, validation, and as novel therapeutics.

Antisense oligonucleotides (As-ODNs) are single stranded, synthetically prepared strands of deoxynucleotide sequences, usually 18-21 nucleotides in length, complementary to the mRNA sequence of the target gene. As-ODNs are able to selectively bind cognate mRNA sequences by sequence-specific hybridization. This results in cleavage or disablement of the mRNA and, thus, inhibits the expression of the target gene. The specificity of the As approach is based on the probability that, in the human genome, any sequence longer than a minimal number of nucleotides (nt), 13 for RNA and 17 for DNA, normal

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… Combination with liposome-entrapped, ends-modified raf antisense oligonucleotide (LErafAON.) improves the anti-tumor efficacies of cisplatin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone, docetaxel and gemcitabine. Anticancer Drugs. 2004;15(3):243–53. doi: 10.1097/00001813-200403000-00009. 103. Kasid U, Dritschilo A. …

Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still i

Cancer-Associated Thrombosis in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The incidence of cancer-associated thrombosis has increased in recent years. While the association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and chemotherapy is well established, there is no clear link between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and VTE risk. Many risk assessment models (RAMs) have been developed to identify high-risk patients who need prophylaxis. However, these models are validated in patients undergoing chemotherapy, while they are scarce in those receiving immunotherapy. Moreover, the mechanisms linking ICIs to thrombosis are still a matter of debate. They include the upregulat

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… Consequently, clinicians should carefully evaluate the potential for drug–drug interactions when selecting anticoagulant therapy for CAT in patients treated with some oncology drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, docetaxel, paclitaxel, irinotecan, and vinca alkaloids. …

B7-H3 (CD276) as Target for T Cell-Based Bispecific Antibody Therapy of Penile Cancer.

IntroductionMetastatic or locally advanced penile cancer (PeCa) has limited systemic treatment options and a 5-year survival rate of ~10% in metastatic disease. Using the in vitro and ex vivo models we preclinically assessed CC-3, a B7-H3xCD3 bispecific antibody (bsAb) currently in a Phase I basket trial (NCT05999396).MethodsPrimary PeCa cells were isolated from surgical specimens and characterized for surface antigen expression by flow cytometry (n = 4). B7-H3 expression was additionally evaluated in primary penile cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry (n = 10). The functional activity of th

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… drops to only 10–20%, and it is even below 10% when extranodal disease is detected. 4 , 5 At present, the most frequently used treatment regimen for advanced stages is platinum-based chemotherapy. 6 Studies on taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy such as paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP) or docetaxel …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in cancer patients and survivors. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Council of Cardio-Oncology.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly recognized in cancer patients and survivors, yet it remains underdiagnosed and its epidemiology largely unknown. This statement underscores the imperative need to include HFpEF in the cardiotoxicities identified during or after anticancer treatments. It also highlights the prognostic value of pre-existing HFpEF for periprocedural and cardiotoxicity risk and it discusses the challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF in cancer patients. It also explores the aetiologic role of anticancer therapies (chemotherapy, targe

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… *Docetaxel, gemcitabine, aromatase inhibitors, anti‐androgenic therapy e.g. as abiraterone, IL‐2, Bcr‐Abl TKIs e.g. …

Precision Oncology Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Phase II Clinical Trials with Biomarker-Driven, Adaptive Design.

Novel clinical trial designs are conducted in the precision medicine era. This study aimed to evaluate biomarker-driven, adaptive phase II trials in precision oncology, focusing on infrastructure, efficacy, and safety. We systematically reviewed and analyzed the target studies. EMBASE and PubMed searches from 2015 to 2023 generated 29 eligible trials. Data extraction included infrastructure, biomarker screening methodologies, efficacy, and safety profiles. Government agencies, cancer hospitals, and academic societies with accumulated experiences led investigator-initiated precision oncology cl

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… Sotorasib versus docetaxel for previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer with KRAS (G12C) mutation: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;401:733–46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00221-0. 100. Kaley T, Touat M, Subbiah V, Hollebecque A, Rodon J, Lockhart AC, et al. …

Aurora Kinase A: Integrating Insights into Cancer, Inflammation, and Infectious Diseases.

Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is crucial in regulating cell division and maintaining genomic stability, making it significant in cancer biology. This review explores AURKA's structural and functional roles, emphasizing its involvement in cell cycle progression. Beyond cancer, AURKA emerges as a multifaceted player in host cell modulation, exerting influence over inflammatory responses, cell death mechanisms, and autophagy pathways. Moreover, recent research highlights its involvement in viral and bacterial infections. Numerous viruses, for their replication and assembly, modulate host cell cycle pro

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… Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab and Vincristine | 105 Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer | Phase I | NCT01094288 | A Phase 1 Study of MLN8237, an Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Including Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Receiving a Standard Docetaxel …

Multidisciplinary Approach to Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression-A New Integrative Flowchart for Patient Management.

Metastatic spine disease (MSD) and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) are major causes of permanent neurological damage and long-term disability for cancer patients. The development of MSD is pathophysiologically framed by a cooperative interaction between general mechanisms of bone growth and specific mechanisms of spinal metastases (SM) expansion. SM most commonly affects the thoracic spine, even though multiple segments may be affected concomitantly. The great majority of SM are extradural, while intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary metastases are less frequently seen. The ma

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… Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA): End-of-study results from a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:519–530. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30863-0. 78. …

Therapeutic drug monitoring for cytotoxic anticancer drugs: Principles and evidence-based practices.

Cytotoxic drugs are highly efficacious and also have low therapeutic index. A great degree of caution needs to be exercised in their usage. To optimize the efficacy these drugs need to be given at maximum tolerated dose which leads to significant amount of toxicity to the patient. The fine balance between efficacy and safety is the key to the success of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. However, it is possibly more rewarding to obtain that balance for this class drugs as the frequency of drug related toxicities are higher compared to the other therapeutic class and are potentially life threatening

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… Though there is evolving evidence for TDM in favor of the platinum group of drugs (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and carboplatin), tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( 1 ), and others like abiraterone and tamoxifen, they are beyond the scope of this review as we primarily intend to bring out the TDM best practices …

Coronary Artery Disease and Cancer: Treatment and Prognosis Regarding Gender Differences.

Cardiovascular disease and cancer remain the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality in high-income countries. Survival after myocardial infarction has improved but there is still a difference in clinical outcome, mortality, and developing heart failure to the disadvantage of women with myocardial infarction. Most major cardiology trials and registries have excluded patients with cancer. As a result, there is only very limited information on the effects of coronary artery disease in cancer patients. In particular, the outcomes in women with cancer and coronary artery disease and its ma

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… Paclitaxel and Docetaxel were common with vasospasm, ACS and bradycardia [ 69 ]. Reduced clearance was also documented for paclitaxel in women [ 48 ]. Etoposide and bleomycin have been associated with acute myocardial infarction in young patients without coronary artery disease [ 70 ]. …