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Exploring G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Hematological Cancers.

Hematological cancers, such as lymphomas and leukemias, pose significant challenges in oncology, necessitating a deeper understanding of their molecular landscape to enhance therapeutic strategies. This article critically examines and discusses recent research on the roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in myeloma, lymphomas, and leukemias with a particular focus on pediatric acute lymphoblastic (lymphocytic) leukemia (ALL). By utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed GPCR expression patterns in pediatric ALL samples (aged 3-12 years old), with a further focus on Class A orphan

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… To address these limitations, integrating RNA-seq data with other omics approaches, such as proteomics and epigenomics, can provide a more comprehensive view of gene expression and regulation. 91 , 92 Proteomics complements RNA-seq by quantifying protein levels and modifications, thereby linking transcriptomic … changes to functional protein outcomes. 91 Similarly, epigenomics can reveal regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, offering deeper insights into transcriptional regulation. 92 This multiomics integration facilitates a more holistic understanding …

Возможности и препятствия для глубокого изучения биологии и медицины.

Глубокое обучение описывает класс алгоритмов машинного обучения, которые способны объединять исходные ресурсы в слои промежуточных характеристик. Эти алгоритмы недавно продемонстрировали впечатляющие результаты в различных областях. Биология и медицина являются богатыми данными дисциплинами, однако данные являются сложными и зачастую недопонятными. Поэтому методы глубокого обучения могут быть особенно подходящими для решения проблем в этих областях. Мы изучаем возможности углубленного изучения различных биомедицинских проблем - стационарная классификация, фундаментальные биологические процессы

A comprehensive tool for tumor precision medicine with pharmaco-omics data analysis.

Background: Cancer precision medicine is an effective strategy to fight cancers by bridging genomics and drug discovery to provide specific treatment for patients with different genetic characteristics. Although some public databases and modelling frameworks have been developed through studies on drug response, most of them only considered the ramifications of the drug on the cell line and the effects on the patient still require a huge amount of work to integrate data from various databases and calculations, especially concerning precision treatment. Furthermore, not only efficacy but also th

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… The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE, https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ccle ) ( Barretina et al., 2012 ) mainly collected and collated genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics data of more than 1,000 cancer cell lines. …

Tales from the Jazz ASH: highlights from the 2013 American Society of Haematology meeting.

The 55th annual ASH meeting was held in pleasant New Orleans and was the largest in its history, with 22,495 participants coming from 113 nations. A 'bench-to-bedside and back' attitude characterises haematology probably more than any other discipline in medicine and, as usual, this was reflected in the extremely wide breadth of the topics covered, including the last results from clinical trials and cutting-edge advancements in basic science. This year, the balance was arguably skewed: few truly clinical practice-changing results were presented. On the other hand, a great number of basic and t

Molecular mechanisms of the preventable causes of cancer in the United States.

Annually, there are 1.6 million new cases of cancer and nearly 600,000 cancer deaths in the United States alone. The public health burden associated with these numbers has motivated enormous research efforts into understanding the root causes of cancer. These efforts have led to the recognition that between 40% and 45% of cancers are associated with preventable risk factors and, importantly, have identified specific molecular mechanisms by which these exposures modify human physiology to induce or promote cancer. The increasingly refined knowledge of these mechanisms, which we summarize here,

Genes, Gene Loci и их влияние на иммунную систему развития множественных склерозов: систематический обзор.

Множественный склероз (MS) — это состояние, характеризующееся повреждением центральной нервной системы (CNS), которое вызывает у пациентов когнитивные и физические трудности. Хотя болезнь имеет сложную этиологию, которая включает генетические и экологические факторы, мало что известно о роли генов и генологов в ее развитии. Цели: Данное исследование было направлено на изучение воздействия генов и ген-лочи на иммунную систему в ходе разработки MS. Мы стремились определить основные гены и генные лочи, которые играют роль в патогенезе MS, и последствия для будущей разработки подходов к клиническо

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… Autoimmunity” OR “HLA Antigens” OR “HLA-DR Antigens” OR “Cytokines” OR “Interleukins” OR “T-Lymphocytes” OR “B-Lymphocytes” OR “Autoantibodies” OR “Central Nervous System” OR “Neuroinflammation” OR “Autoimmune Diseases” OR “Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System”) AND (“Genome-Wide Association Study” OR “Epigenomics … sections, including core terminologies (multiple sclerosis, genes, gene loci, and immune system), related systems (e.g., HLA antigens, cytokines, T lymphocytes, and the central nervous system), disease-related terms (autoimmune and neuroinflammation), genetic and molecular biology vocabularies (GWAS, epigenomics …

Epidemiological science and cancer control.

Epidemiological methods are essential for the discovery of cancer risks and prognostic factors as well as for the evaluation of cancer prevention measures. In this review, we discuss epidemiological surveillance procedures for data collection and processing to guide and evaluate the consequences of anticancer efforts for populations, assess the identification of cancer risk factors, examine barriers to cancer screening and recommended rules for early diagnosis programs. Epidemiological studies have shown that hindrances to cancer information assessment are currently encountered in developing c

Посттрансляционные изменения в нейроиммунных клетках во время нейроинфламмации: комплексные сети регулирования и терапевтические возможности.

Нейроинфламмация представляет собой общий патологический механизм, лежащий в основе широкого спектра нарушений центральной нервной системы (КНС), включая нейродегенеративные расстройства (НДД), ишемический инсульт (ИС), травматическое повреждение мозга (ТБИ) и демиелионирующие заболевания, такие как множественный склероз (МС). Этот процесс начинается с организованной реакции микроглий, астроцитов, олигодендроцитов, нейронов, эндотелиальных клеток головного мозга и проникновения в периферийные иммунные клетки. Нейроинфламмация может облегчить ремонт тканей или, наоборот, увековечить хроническое

Keyword Index for Volume 104

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Germline loss-of-function variant in the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF2 in a young adult patient with medulloblastoma: a case report.

We identified a rare heterozygous germline loss-of-function variant in the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) in a young adult patient diagnosed with medulloblastoma. This variant is located within the TRAF-C domain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein and is predicted to diminish the binding affinity of TRAF2 to upstream receptors and associated adaptor proteins. Integrative genomics revealed a biallelic loss of TRAF2 via partial copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity of 9q in the medulloblastoma genome. We further performed comparative analysis with an in-house cohort of 2

YTHDC1 Promotes Stemness Maintenance and Malignant Progression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BackgroundYTH domain containing 1 (YTHDC1), an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification reading protein, plays a key role in regulating RNA translation and degradation. However, the role of YTHDC1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells remains largely unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the role of YTHDC1 in HNSCC and exploring its role in regulating cancer stem cells.MethodsRNA sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SCC9 spheres and SCC9 cells and to uncover molecular pathways and target molecules associated with CSCs. We

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… Currently, epigenomics based on N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) modifications has become a hot research topic. Recent advances have highlighted that m 6 A RNA modification plays an important role in cancer biology and CSCs [ 29 – 31 ]. …

Multi-omics tumor profiling technologies to develop precision medicine in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic cancer, is caused by accumulation of aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Its molecular causes are not fully understood and its great heterogeneity among patients complicates therapeutic decision-making. In the past decades, development of new therapies and drugs have significantly improved survival of MM patients. However, resistance to drugs and relapse remain the most common causes of mortality and are the major challenges to overcome. The advent of high throughput omics technologies capable of analyzing big amount of clinical a

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… Epigenomics Epigenomics focuses on the analysis of epigenetic marks on chromatin, both on nucleic acids and histones, that alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. …

High Risk-Human Papillomavirus in HNSCC: Present and Future Challenges for Epigenetic Therapies.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by an incidence of 650,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths per year worldwide and a male to female ratio of 3:1. The main risk factors are alcohol and tobacco consumption and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HNSCC cases are divided into two subgroups, the HPV-negative (HPV-) and the HPV-positive (HPV+) which have different clinicopathological and molecular profiles. However, patients are still treated with the same therapeutic regimens. It is thus of utmost importance to characterize the mo

The biogenesis and biological function of PIWI-interacting RNA in cancer.

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of biological activities, and aberrant levels of small ncRNAs are commonly found in precancerous lesions and cancer. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small ncRNA initially discovered in germ cells that have a specific length (24-31 nucleotides), bind to PIWI proteins, and show 2'-O-methyl modification at the 3'-end. Numerous studies have revealed that piRNAs can play important roles in tumorigenesis via multiple biological regulatory mechanisms, including silencing transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene processes and a

Mitochondrial Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles managing crucial processes of cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. Enabling rapid cellular adaptation to altered endogenous and exogenous environments, mitochondria play an important role in many pathophysiological states, including cancer. Being under the control of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA), mitochondria adjust their activity and biogenesis to cell demands. In cancer, numerous mutations in mtDNA have been detected, which do not inactivate mitochondrial functions but rather alter energy metabolism to support cancer cell growth. Increa

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… These examples show that specific mitochondrial metabolites can differentially regulate epigenome-modifying enzymes and consequent cellular processes, reflecting the cell state or responding to microenvironmental cues. 3.5. … Global DNA methylation levels are modulated by mitochondrial DNA variants Epigenomics 2012 4 17 27 10.2217/epi.11.109 22332655 116. Manev H. Dzitoyeva S. Progress in mitochondrial epigenetics Biomol. Concepts 2013 4 381 389 10.1515/bmc-2013-0005 25436587 117. Cyr A.R. Domann F.E. …

High-dose vitamin C: A promising anti-tumor agent, insight from mechanisms, clinical research, and challenges.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose vitamin C exhibits selective anti-tumor effects, including "pro-oxidative cytotoxicity", "anti-cancer epigenetic regulation", and "immune modulation". Consequently, vitamin C has reemerged as a promising anti-cancer therapy in the form of high-dose administration. Advancements in pharmacokinetic research have facilitated the development of clinical trials. Early clinical studies across vari

Towards a New Dawn for Neuro-Oncology: Nanomedicine at the Service of Drug Delivery for Primary and Secondary Brain Tumours.

(1) Background/Objectives: Primary and secondary brain tumours often hold devastating prognoses and low survival rates despite the application of maximal neurosurgical resection, and state-of-the-art radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One limiting factor in their management is that several antineoplastic agents are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumour microenvironment. Nanomedicine could hold the potential to become an effective means of drug delivery to overcome previous hurdles towards effective neuro-oncological treatments. (2) Methods: A scoping review following th

Combination therapy in combating cancer.

Combination therapy, a treatment modality that combines two or more therapeutic agents, is a cornerstone of cancer therapy. The amalgamation of anti-cancer drugs enhances efficacy compared to the mono-therapy approach because it targets key pathways in a characteristically synergistic or an additive manner. This approach potentially reduces drug resistance, while simultaneously providing therapeutic anti-cancer benefits, such as reducing tumour growth and metastatic potential, arresting mitotically active cells, reducing cancer stem cell populations, and inducing apoptosis. The 5-year survival

GWAS подчеркивает невральный вклад в подверженность множественным склерозам.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое воспалительное и нейродегенеративное заболевание мозга и спинного мозга. Генетические исследования выявили множество рисковых лоси, которые, как считалось, в первую очередь влияют на иммунные клетки и микроглию. Здесь мы провели многокантрольное исследование генома связи с 20,831 МЗ и 729,220 контроль за участниками, выявление 236 Возможные варианты уязвимости за пределами основного комплекса four Роман-лочи. Мы вычислили полигенный балл для MS и, оптимизированный для европейского происхождения, он является информативным для афро-американских и латиноам

Molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of normal stem cell radiosensitivity.

Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a major cancer treatment modality and an indispensable auxiliary treatment for primary and metastatic cancers, but invariably results in debilitating organ dysfunctions. IR-induced depletion of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus where neurogenesis occurs is considered largely responsible for deficiencies such as learning, memory, and spatial information processing in patients subjected to cranial irradiation. Similarly, IR therapy-induced intestinal injuries such as diarrhea and malabsorption are commo

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… Yamazaki J The epigenome of AML stem and progenitor cells Epigenetics 2013 8 92 104 10.4161/epi.23243 23249680 PMC3549884 132. … Kraushaar D Zhao K The epigenomics of embryonic stem cell differentiation Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2013 9 1134 1144 10.7150/ijbs.7998 24339734 PMC3858586 139. …