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Synergistic Effects of Olfactory Ecto-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Supernatant and Ellagic Acid on Demyelination and Glial Modulation in a Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Stem cells as a source of neurotrophic factors and ellagic acid (EA) as an antioxidant reduce the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell (EMSC) supernatant and EA on A1 astrocytes, M1 microglia, and demyelination in cuprizone model. To induce the chronic demyelination model, mice received a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone/kg of food for 12 weeks. EMSC supernatant was injected into the lateral ventricle of mice. EA was

Механизмы и новые регулирующие органы нейроинфламмации: изучение новых терапевтических стратегий в отношении неврологических расстройств.

Нейроинфламмация представляет собой сложную и динамичную реакцию центральной нервной системы (КНС) на травмы, инфекцию и болезни. В то время как острая нейроинфламмация играет защитную роль, облегчая расчистку патогенов и восстановление тканей, хроническая и дисрегулированная воспаление в значительной степени способствует развитию таких нейродегенеративных расстройств, как болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона и множественный склероз. В рамках этого обзора изучаются клеточные и молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе нейроинфламмации, с уделением особого внимания роли микроглий, астроцитов

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… Scavenging hydroxyl radicals, stopping lipid peroxidation, and maintaining cellular integrity are all part of its mechanism. According to clinical research, edaravone, especially when given early in the course of the disease, slows the progression of physical decline in ALS patients [ 53 ]. 4. …

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)-Juvenile Onset.

In this article, we describe the treatment of long standing juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) with eventual transformation to carcinoma in a patient who lived to the age of 73. Treatment modalities consisted of bronchoscopy and local excision initially. Later, YAG and CO2 laser debulking were used. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy with carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2), oral methotrexate (5-7.5 mg/week), pegylated Interferon, indole-3-carbamide, and intralesional cidofovir were also utilized in the treatment of this patient. Except for methotrexate, each of the t

Theranostic Potentials of Gold Nanomaterials in Hematological Malignancies.

Hematological malignancies (HMs) are a heterogeneous group of blood neoplasia generally characterized by abnormal blood-cell production. Detection of HMs-specific molecular biomarkers (e.g., surface antigens, nucleic acid, and proteomic biomarkers) is crucial in determining clinical states and monitoring disease progression. Early diagnosis of HMs, followed by an effective treatment, can remarkably extend overall survival of patients. However, traditional and advanced HMs' diagnostic strategies still lack selectivity and sensitivity. More importantly, commercially available chemotherapeutic dr

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… In the presence of H 2 O 2 , FA-Pd@AuNPs produced hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which interact with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine to form a blue-color product. … In the presence of H 2 O 2 , FA-Pd@AuNPs produced hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which interact with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine to form a blue-color product. …

Blood Vessels and Peripheral Nerves as Key Players in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance.

Cancer cells continuously interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME), a heterogeneous milieu that surrounds the tumor mass and impinges on its phenotype. Among the components of the TME, blood vessels and peripheral nerves have been extensively studied in recent years for their prominent role in tumor development from tumor initiation. Cancer cells were shown to actively promote their own vascularization and innervation through the processes of angiogenesis and axonogenesis. Indeed, sprouting vessels and axons deliver several factors needed by cancer cells to survive and proliferate, inclu

Radionuclide-labelled nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy: a review.

Radionuclide therapy (RT) is widely used to advanced local cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Combination therapy aims to circumvent tumor resistance, and the combination of RT with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CMT), and immunotherapy has shown promising treatment outcomes. Nanotechnology holds promise in advancing combination therapy by integrating multiple therapies on a nanostructure platform. This is due to the increased surface area, passive/active targeting capabilities, high payload

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… In Type I PDT, the photosensitizer reacts with biological substrates to form ROS, such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions. … Under 18 F-FDG CR excitation, it generated hydroxyl radicals, where holes (h + ) reacted with H 2 O to perform type I PDT, and the transferred e − achieved Ti 3+ enhancement, significantly improving chemotherapy (Fig. 5 ). …

Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Aloe vera on Melanomas-Where Are We? Recent Updates.

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that affects approximately 140,000 people worldwide each year, with a high fatality rate. Available treatment modalities show limited efficacy in more severe cases. Hence, the search for new treatment modalities, including immunotherapies, for curing, mitigating, and/or preventing cancer is important and urgently needed. Carbon nanoparticles associated with some plant materials, such as Aloe vera, have shown appealing antineoplastic activity, derived mainly from the compounds aloin, aloe-emodin, barbaloin acemannan, and octapeptide, thus representing new p

A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma longa Linn. in Relation to its Major Active Constituent Curcumin.

Curcuma longa Linn. (C. longa), popularly known as turmeric, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and has a long historical background of having healing properties against many diseases. In Unani and Ayurveda medicine, C. longa has been used for liver obstruction and jaundice, and has been applied externally for ulcers and inflammation. Additionally, it is employed in several other ailments such as cough, cold, dental issues, indigestion, skin infections, blood purification, asthma, piles, bronchitis, tumor, wounds, and hepatic disorders, and is used as an antiseptic. Curcumin, a major constitu

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… Curcumin can help the body rid itself of hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, superoxide radicals, nitrogen dioxide, and NO. Curcumin pretreatment was proven to reduce ischemia-induced mutations in the heart ( Dikshit et al., 1995 ). …

Synthetic Flozins in Cancer Prevention and Combination Strategies: Structural Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

The growing number of cancer cases highlights the urgent need to develop new therapies based on effective molecules. Although anticancer activity remains a key element of oncological pharmacology, the importance of agents that support physiological functions and improve the quality of life of cancer patients is also recognised. Compounds that combine these two functions could represent a significant trend in oncology. Moreover, repurposing approved drugs for conditions beyond their original indications could be a promising strategy. An interesting example of this is synthetic flozins (SGLT2 in

The interplay of exercise and green tea: a new road in cancer therapy.

Exercise is one of the most important activities for every individual due to its proven health beneficials. Several investigations have highlighted the advantageous impacts of aerobic exercise, largely attributed to its capacity to enhance the body's capability to defend against threats against oxidative stress. The information currently accessible suggests that adding regular aerobic exercise to a daily routine greatly decreases the chances of developing serious cancer and passing away. An unevenness in the levels of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, made up of enzyme and non

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… The Fenton reaction, also referred to as the mechanism, involves the reduction of H2O2 by Fe2 + ions, resulting in the formation of a harmful hydroxyl radical that can damage cells [ 63 , 64 ]. …

Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Algae-Derived Compounds in Hematological Malignancies.

Algae are a rich source of bioactive compounds that have a wide range of beneficial effects on human health and can show significant potential in the treatment of hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. These diseases often pose a therapeutic challenge despite recent advances in treatment (e.g., the use of immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, CD38 monoclonal antibodies, stem cell transplant, and targeted therapy). A considerable number of patients experience relapses or resistance to the applied therapies. Algal compounds, alone or in combination

Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis stands out as a prevalent metabolic disorder, bearing significant repercussions on human well-being and overall quality of life. It remains an urgent concern within the global public health framework due to its widespread occurrence. Osteoporosis arises from an abnormal metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in a disruption of the delicate equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. Within this context, deer antler peptides emerge as natural active compounds, wielding a pivotal role in governing the differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization of os

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… This component showcases significant abilities in scavenging superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals ( 49 ). In addition to the mentioned effects, PAP holds promising potential in improving bone homeostasis by enhancing the immune system. …

Crosstalk of thioredoxin system and programmed cell death: from pathophysiology to novel therapy.

The thioredoxin (Trx) system, an integral component of cellular redox regulation, preserves protein dithiol-disulfide equilibrium through its conserved Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site and is involved in key cellular functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. In cancer biology, the thioredoxin system plays dual roles: overexpression can suppress oxidative stress and promote tumor growth, whereas dysfunction can trigger programmed cell death (PCD). However, a critical area for future research is to delineate how Trx modulates the intricate networks of PCD, and to id

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… The Trx system thereby amplifies the cell's capacity to manage the H 2 O 2 generated by SOD, preventing the accumulation of this potentially harmful metabolite, which could otherwise lead to the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals via Fenton's reaction [ 85 , 86 ]. …

Novel Combinatorial Approaches to Tackle the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most common cancer in men worldwide and treatment options for patients with advanced or aggressive prostate cancer or recurrent disease continue to be of limited success and are rarely curative. Despite immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy in some melanoma, lung, kidney and breast cancers, immunotherapy efforts have been remarkably unsuccessful in PCa. One hypothesis behind this lack of efficacy is the generation of a distinctly immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) by regulatory T cells, MDSCs, and type 2 macrophages which have been i

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… Upregulation of NOX2 in MDSCs results in production of excessive superoxide, a reactive compound that rapidly reacts with H2O2, hydroxyl radical or hypochlorous acid leading to oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation [ 91 ]. …

Computed tomography with low-dose radiation versus standard-dose radiation for diagnosing fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) accounts for 13% of all radiological examinations in the United States and 40-70% of the radiation that patients receive. Even with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT continues to be the gold standard for diagnosing bone fractures. There is uncertainty as to whether CT with a low radiation dose has a fracture detection rate similar to that of standard-dose CT.ObjectiveTo determine the detection rate of low-dose radiation CT and standard-dose radiation CT for fractures, in patients with suspected fractures.Design and settingSystematic review of

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… INTRODUCTION Ionizing radiation such as X-rays is a singular form of energy that surmounts the binding energy of electrons that orbit atoms and molecules. 1 In biological material exposed to X-rays, the most common consequential scenario is that this creates hydroxyl radicals from interactions between …

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Therapeutic Potential in Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications.

Cellular signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis have emerged as rational targets that can be exploited in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant phenolic compound found in green tea. It has been shown to regulate multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, including those mediated by EGFR, JAK-STAT, MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and others. Deregulation of the abovementioned pathways is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EGCG may exe

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… Superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are the most prominent ROS species generated in cells [ 92 , 93 ]. … EGCG was found to have a free-radical-scavenging activity that allows it to trap hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions and thus suppress and terminate the free radical chain reaction that occurs during lipid peroxidation. …

Ferroptosis, lipid metabolism, and genetic regulation in postoperative rehabilitation of elderly hip fractures: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.

BACKGROUND: Elderly hip fracture represents a major global public health challenge, with postoperative rehabilitation involving complex molecular mechanisms and metabolic networks. Beyond osteoporotic fractures, pathological hip fractures caused by tumor bone metastasis constitute a non-negligible proportion in elderly patients, with molecular pathological mechanisms significantly different from osteoporotic fractures. Recent research has confirmed that ferroptosis (iron-dependent regulated cell death) and lipid metabolism dysregulation are key links in fracture healing and functional recovery

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… However, free iron (Fe 2+ ) can catalyze the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions, triggering chain reactions of lipid peroxidation ( Jiang et al., 2021 ; Fang et al., 2023 ; Wei et al., 2025 ). …

Natural products targeting ferroptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and applications.

Ferroptosis is a novel class of programmed cell death that is mainly dependent on intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is closely related to a variety of human diseases, especially different kinds of cancer. Several small molecule inducers have been developed to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells, some of which have been used in clinical studies. However, these chemical small molecules have toxic effects that limit its wide application. Natural products, however, have a natural advantage in cancer therapy due to their low toxicity and side effects. Some natural pr

Активаторы Nrf2 для лечения редких заболеваний, связанных с перегрузкой железа: от скамейки до кровати.

Железная перегрузка и связанные с ней окислительные повреждения наблюдаются во многих редких болезнях в результате мутации генов, связанных с гомеостазом железа. Будучи основным регулятором реакции на клеточную антиоксидантную реакцию, Nrf2 может также снизить системный и клеточный уровень железа путем регулирования генов и путей, связанных с железом, что делает Nrf2 очень хорошими инициаторами для лечения нарушений, связанных с перегрузкой железа. К числу успешных примеров относится клиническое использование омавельоксолона для атаксии Фридрейха и диметилфумарата для повторного излучающего мн

Ascorbic Acid Sensitizes Colorectal Carcinoma to the Cytotoxicity of Arsenic Trioxide via Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Apoptosis and Pyroptosis.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective therapeutic agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, its anti-tumor effect on solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC) is still in debate. Ascorbic acid (AA) also produces a selective cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. Here, we exploit the potential benefit of ATO/AA combination in generating cytotoxicity to CRC cells, which may lay the groundwork for the potential combinational chemotherapy of CRCs. According to the results, we found that ATO and AA effectively inhibited the viability of human CRC cells in a synergistic manner.

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… Tempol could act as an intracellular scavenger of superoxide anions, particularly, hydroxyl radicals ( Wilcox, 2010 ). Tempol specifically targets mitochondrial ROS. …