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CD11c + микроглиа: от базовых исследований к клиническому применению.

CD11c + микроглиа - функционально специализированная подгруппа микроглий, играющая ключевую роль в патофизиологических процессах различных заболеваний центральной нервной системы. Этот обзор обобщает убедительные доказательства того, что CD11c + микроглиа демонстрируют уникальные транскриптомные и фигоцитические характеристики. Эти характеристики отличают их от гомеостатической микроглии и поддерживают их специализированные функции. Во время разработки CD11c + микроглиа имеют решающее значение для созревания олигодендроцитов и целостности белой материи, особенно в таких регионах, как corpus ca

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… Julia et al. found that the abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) caused by Aβ deposition impairs phagocytic function and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (Prakash et al., 2025). …

Repurposing Disulfiram as an Anti-Obesity Drug: Treating and Preventing Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Rats.

Background and objectivesA drug repurposing strategy is an approach for identifying new therapeutic uses for approved or investigational drugs. Thanks to the moderate cost of repurposing a drug compared to bringing new chemical entity to the market, drug repurposing is rapidly gaining ground. The aim of this work is to study the anti-obesity effect of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic alcoholism since 1951.MethodsThirty male Albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups. G1, the control grou

Recent Trends in anti-tumor mechanisms and molecular targets of celastrol.

Celastrol, a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has therapeutic effects and has been used to treat inflammation-related diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, current reviews lack a comprehensive and systematic summary of the anti-tumor mechanisms and molecular targets of celastrol. For this reason, this paper reviews the anticancer properties of celastrol and the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects. This paper primarily focuses on the mechanism of action of celastrol in terms of inhibition of cell proliferation a

Nanoparticles for Effective Combination Therapy of Cancer.

Cancer continues to remains a major healthcare problem across the world despite strong translational research efforts towards tackling the disease. Surgery, when possible, along with radiation and chemotherapy continue to remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Novel targeted therapies or biologics and immunotherapies have recently been approved to improve treatment efficacies while reducing collateral damage to normal, non-cancerous tissues. Combination therapies have shown better results than individual monotherapies in the clinic but often the improvements in therapeutic indices remain mar

Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting-A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collecte

The role of abnormal epigenetic regulation of small GTPases in glioma (Review).

Brain tumors are one of the most severe types of malignant tumors and glioma accounts for ~80% of malignant brain tumors. The current treatment methods for glioma are limited and patients with glioma often experience relapse following treatment, which leads to a poor prognosis for these patients. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and methods urgently need to be explored. The present review screened studies that mainly focused on the epigenetic regulation of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase in glioma. These small GTPases participate in most cellular biological processes, including diffe

Перенос Митохондрии для ремонта миелина.

Обезвоживание является общей характеристикой нейро-воспалительных и дегенеративных заболеваний центральной нервной системы (КНС), таких, как множественный склероз (МС). Часто это связано с нарушениями межклеточной связи, биоэнергетики и метаболического баланса в сочетании с митохондриальной дисфункцией в таких клетках, как олигодендроциты, нейроны, астроциты и микроглиа. Несмотря на то, что нынешние методы лечения MS сосредоточены на иммуномодуляции, они не могут остановить или обратить вспять прогресс демиэлизации. Последние достижения подчеркивают межклеточный митохондриальный обмен в качест

Thrombotic risk in hepatitis C: Interplay between hepatic dysfunction, viral-driven inflammation, and cardiovascular consequences.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, traditionally regarded as a hepatotropic disease, is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with significant thrombotic implications. Chronic HCV induces a persistent proinflammatory and prothrombotic state that substantially elevates the risk of both venous and arterial events. Mechanistically, HCV drives endothelial dysfunction, enhances platelet activation, disrupts coagulation and fibrinolytic balance, and promotes immune-mediated vascular injury through cryoglobulinemia and chronic systemic inflammation. Clinical manifestations range from portal

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… These pathways include cholesterol transfer via lipoprotein receptors during cellular entry, lipid-mediated regulation of viral genome replication, and the involvement of both cytosolic and luminal lipid droplets in viral particle formation[ 7 ]. …

Является ли изменение миелинодегенеративное изменение, связанное с возрастом, первоначальным фактором риска нейродегенеративных заболеваний?

Myelination, непрерывное покрытие нейронных аксонов, является пожизненным процессом в нервной системе, который необходим для точного, темпорального пространственного проведения потенциалов действий между нейронами. Myelin также оказывает межклеточную метаболическую поддержку аксонам. Даже незначительные нарушения целостности миелина могут ухудшить нейронные характеристики и повысить подверженность неврологическим заболеваниям. На самом деле, дегенерация миелина — это хорошо известное нейропологическое заболевание, связанное с нормальным старением и несколькими нейродегенеративными заболеваниям

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… A similar study has observed that the microglia in the aged brain accumulate lipid droplets, which impair their phagocytic ability and increase the production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Marschallinger et al., 2020). …

Xanthohumol: Mechanistic Actions and Emerging Evidence as a Multi-Target Natural Nutraceutical.

BACKGROUND: Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone flavonoid derived from hops (Humulus lupulus), is increasingly recognized as a highly pleiotropic natural compound. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to structure XN's mechanistic hierarchy with emerging translational relevance across disease areas. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive and integrative literature review of XN for its biological and translational effects across cancer, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and dermatological disorders. RESULTS: Mechanistically, XN exerts diverse bioactivities by inhibiting major pro-on

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… HFD-induced NAFLD (rat) | Oral 20–30 mg/kg (per study) | ↓ body-weight gain; ↓ fat pads; ↓ fasting glucose/insulin; ↓ hepatic TGs/TC/FFAs; ↓ ALT/AST; ↓ lipid droplets | AMPK required: compound C abolished protection | [ 94 ] CCl 4 acute injury (rat) | Single CCl 4 ± XN | ↓ liver weight; normalized LDH … droplets | Anti-steatosis | [ 94 ] Clinical translation/safety; Phase I safety; metabolic disease rationale | Supports human feasibility | Guides formulation & dosing work | [ 5 , 104 ] 7. …

Energy metabolism in health and diseases.

Energy metabolism is indispensable for sustaining physiological functions in living organisms and assumes a pivotal role across physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides an extensive overview of advancements in energy metabolism research, elucidating critical pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, along with their intricate regulatory mechanisms. The homeostatic balance of these processes is crucial; however, in pathological states such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, exten

Latest advances in extracellular vesicles: from bench to bedside.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membraned vesicles and approximately 50-150 nm in diameter. Almost all of the type of cells releases the EVs and circulates in the body fluids. EVs contain multiple functional components, such as mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, and proteins, which can be transferred to the recipient cells, resulting in phenotypic changes. Recently, EV research has focused on their potential as a drug delivery vehicle and in targeted therapy against specific molecules. Moreover, some surface proteins are specific to particular diseases, and therefore, EVs also have promis

Concurrent evolution of cancer cachexia and heart failure: bilateral effects exist.

Cancer cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome of involuntary weight loss characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment. It is postulated that cardiac dysfunction/atrophy parallels skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Cardiotoxic chemotherapy may additionally result in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in some cancer patients. Heart failure thus may be a consequence of either ongoing cachexia or chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; at the same time, heart failure can result in cachexia, especially muscle wasting. Therefore, t

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… They showed robust metabolic changes of cardiomyocytes in tumor-bearing animals: decreased myofibrillar volume ( p = 0.06), increased sarcoplasmic volume ( p < 0.01), and increased volume of lipid droplets ( p < 0.01). …

Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer.

As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subt

Изучение неврологических неблагоприятных реакций протеиновых ингибиторов в системе отчетности УЛХ о неблагоприятных явлениях.

ЦЕЛЬ: Бортезомиб, карфилзомиб и ixazomib являются протеозными ингибиторами (ИП), используемыми для лечения множественной миэломы (ММ). Мы провели всеобъемлющий фармакологический анализ их нейротоксичности с использованием Системы отчетности о неблагоприятных явлениях управления продуктами питания и лекарствами (FAERS), включая не только периферическую нейротоксичность, но и центральную нейротоксичность, с тем чтобы дать ориентиры для безопасного и рационального клинического использования. Мы получили отчеты о негативной реакции ПИ во время Q1 2004 с Q2 2025 из базы данных FAERS. С помощью стат

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… Studies have shown that bortezomib can lead to reversible muscle weakness, and the mechanism may be the accumulation of lipid droplets in muscle fibers, as well as mitochondrial alterations consisting of swelling and cristae loss at ultrastructural examination ( Pancheri et al., 2020 ). …

Cryoglobulinemia Associated With Multiple Myeloma in a Dog Presenting With Epistaxis and Skin Lesions.

A 10-year-old female neutered Labrador Retriever presented with epistaxis, discoloration and crusting of the nose and a necrotic lesion on the lip. Bloodwork revealed pancytopenia, azotemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. Aggregates of amorphous basophilic material were seen in a room-temperature blood smear which were not present in the sample after warming to 37°C, and grossly a cryoprecipitate was noted in the patient's serum at 4°C. This was interpreted as cryoglobulin. Computed tomography showed multiple heterogeneous lesions in the spleen. Cytology of the splenic lesions revealed

Significance of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human health.

In the last decades, the development of new technologies applied to lipidomics has revitalized the analysis of lipid profile alterations and the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism, together with their involvement in the occurrence of human disease. Of particular interest is the study of omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), notably EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), and ARA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6), and their transformation into bioactive lipid mediators. In this sense, new familie

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… Moreover, the size and/or number of intracellular lipid stores, or lipid droplets, which mainly contain triacylglycerides and cholesterylesters, are elevated in different types of tumours (breast, prostate, cervical, liver, colon) [ 79 , 88 ]. …

Абстрактный сборник ISEV2022.

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Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer?

Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer

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… On the cellular level, excessive lipid droplets in the hepatocytes cause lipotoxicity, leading to cell death and immune cell activation. …

Network approach in liquidomics landscape.

Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical