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Biological characteristics of γδT cells and application in tumor immunotherapy.

Human γδT cells are a special immune cell type which exist in small quantities in the body, do not require processing and presentation for antigen recognition, and have non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted immune response. They play an important role in the body's anti-tumor, anti-infection, immune regulation, immune surveillance and maintenance of immune tolerance. This article reviews the generation and development of human γδT cells, genetic characteristics, classification, recognition and role of antigens, and research progress in tumor immunotherapy.

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… In two phase 1 clinical trials of adoptive cellular immunotherapy using autologous γδT cells for recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancer (r/mEC), γδT cells with or without chemotherapy (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil) (DCF) in combination with chemotherapy) are safe and feasible, and γδT …

MicroRNA-Based Risk Score for Predicting Tumor Progression Following Radioactive Iodine Ablation in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis.

To identify molecular markers that can accurately predict aggressive tumor behavior at the time of surgery, a propensity-matching score analysis of archived specimens yielded two similar datasets of DTC patients (with and without RAI). Bioinformatically selected microRNAs were quantified by qRT-PCR. The risk score was generated using Cox regression and assessed using ROC, C-statistic, and Brier-score. A predictive Bayesian nomogram was established. External validation was performed, and causal network analysis was generated. Within the eight-year follow-up period, progression was reported in 5

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… LncRNA NEAT1 promotes docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer by regulating ACSL4 via sponging miR-34a-5p and miR-204-5p Cell. Signal. 2020 65 109422 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109422 31672604 59. Lu M. Qin X. Zhou Y. Li G. Liu Z. Yue H. Geng X. …

Aptamer Therapeutics in Cancer: Current and Future.

Aptamer-related technologies represent a revolutionary advancement in the capacity to rapidly develop new classes of targeting ligands. Structurally distinct RNA and DNA oligonucleotides, aptamers mimic small, protein-binding molecules and exhibit high binding affinity and selectivity. Although their molecular weight is relatively small-approximately one-tenth that of monoclonal antibodies-their complex tertiary folded structures create sufficient recognition surface area for tight interaction with target molecules. Additionally, unlike antibodies, aptamers can be readily chemically synthesize

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… A phase I safety and dose escalation trial of docetaxel combined with GEM231, a second generation antisense oligonucleotide targeting protein kinase a R1α in patients with advanced solid cancers Investig. New Drugs 2006 24 125 134 10.1007/s10637-006-2378-x 16683205 76. Akdim F. Stroes E.S. …

Trial watch: Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy.

Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as a promising approach for the treatment of several neoplasms. The term "oncolytic viruses" is generally employed to indicate naturally occurring or genetically engineered attenuated viral particles that cause the demise of malignant cells while sparing their non-transformed counterparts. From a conceptual standpoint, oncolytic viruses differ from so-called "oncotropic viruses" in that only the former are able to kill cancer cells, even though both display a preferential tropism for malignant tissues. Of note, such a specificity can originate at several diffe

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… Recent clinical trials evaluating oncolytic virotherapy in cancer patients* Abbreviations: 5-FC, 5-fluorocytosine; BSC, best supportive care; BVC, bevacizumab; CBP, carboplatin; CED, convection enhanced delivery; CNS, central nervous system tumor; CRC, colorectal cancer; DCX, docetaxel; FOLFIRI, folinic …

Overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioma: recent advances and mechanistic insights.

Temozolomide (TMZ) remains the cornerstone chemotherapy for glioma, yet intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms significantly limit its clinical effectiveness. This review summarizes the multifaceted molecular pathways contributing to TMZ resistance, including enhanced DNA repair mechanisms such as O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mismatch repair (MMR), and base excision repair (BER). Additional resistance factors include genetic mutations that affect the drug response, dysregulated non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), glioma stem cells (GSCs), cytoprotective aut

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… For example, PEGylated MSNs loaded with docetaxel (DTX) have shown superior penetration through the BBTB in animal models, resulting in reduced systemic toxicity and improved survival rates compared with free drug administration [ 421 – 424 ]. Additionally, advanced approaches such as Gint4. …

Decoding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: ion channels, disease models, and future directions.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant side effect of cancer treatments like paclitaxel and oxaliplatin, impacting patient quality of life (QoL). Despite much research, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear and effective therapies are lacking. This review evaluates whether current experimental models accurately reflect CIPN, emphasizing recent molecular and cellular findings, especially the role of sensory ion channels. We outline limitations of existing models and propose more translational preclinical approaches to better capture disease complexity and patient

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… Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel) and vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine) both target microtubules but in opposite ways. Whereas taxanes stabilize microtubule polymers, vinca alkaloids depolymerize microtubules ( Park et al., 2013 ; Hammad et al., 2023 ). …

Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications.

BackgroundToday, treating cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), by targeting immune checkpoints, is one of the most outstanding immunotherapeutic methods. Immune checkpoints are special molecules having regulatory role in immune system responses. Once these molecules are presented on cancer cells, these cells will be capable of evading the immune system through their own specific pathways. This Evasion can be prevented by counterbalancing immune system responses with immune checkpoints related antibodies.AimsThe current study aimed to highlight immunotherapy and its methods, descr

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… When ICI is used as a second‐line therapy, its effectiveness and safety exceeds docetaxel [ 171 ]. A study evaluating the efficacy of PD‐(L)1 inhibitors accompanying chemotherapy has evaluated whether lung cancer cases may benefit from the treatment even with liver metastasis or not. …

Drug delivery for age-related bone diseases: From therapeutic targets to common and emerging therapeutic strategies.

With the accumulation of knowledge on aging, people have gradually realized that among the many factors that cause individual aging, the accumulation of aging cells is an essential cause of organ degeneration and, ultimately, age-related diseases. Most cells present in the bone microenvironment gradually age over time, leading to an imbalance of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. This imbalance contributes to age-related bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Bone aging can prolong the lifespan and delay the developmen

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… Apoptosis of senescent cells GalNP (dox) 6-mer galacto-oligosaccharide encapsulated doxorubicin | Paboxil-induced tumor aging; Mice carrying SK-MEL-103 tumor xenograft | Clearing senescent cells and inducing tumor xenograft regression GalNP (nav) 6-mer galacto-oligosaccharide encapsulated navitoclax DSAs Docetaxel-tannic …

Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Ushering in a New Era of Cancer Therapy.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have provided new therapeutic options and significant promise for patients with cancer, particularly where existing treatments are limited. Substantial effort in ADC development is underway globally, with 13 ADCs currently approved and many more in development. The therapeutic benefits of ADCs leverage the ability to selectively target cancer cells through antibody binding, resultant relative sparing of non-malignant tissues, and the targeted delivery of a cytotoxic payload. Consequently, this drug class has demonstrated activity in multiple malignancies refract

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… Randomized phase III KEYNOTE-045 trial of pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel, docetaxel, or vinflunine in recurrent advanced urothelial cancer: Results of >2 years of follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 2019;30:970–976. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz127. 96. …

Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), notably anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as well as inhibitors of CTLA-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has revolutionized treatment options for solid tumors. However, the lack of response to treatment, in terms of de novo or acquired resistance, and immune related adverse events (IRAE) remain as hurdles. One mechanisms to overcome the limitations of ICIs is to target other immune checkpoints associated with tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation ge

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… NCT04428333 | 1,2 | Advanced/metastatic | HNSCC | GSK3359609pembrolizumab+fluouracil-platinum based chemotherapy | Recruiting | | NCT04128696 | 3 | Advanced/metastatic | HNSCC | GSK3359609+pembrolizumab | Recruiting | | NCT03693612 | 2 | Advanced/metastatic | Solid tumors | GSK3359609+pembrolizumab; docetaxel …

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Bone Metastases: Specific Microenvironment and Current Situation.

The treatment of bone metastases is a thorny issue. Immunotherapy may be one of the few hopes for patients with unresectable bone metastases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most commonly used immunotherapy drugs currently. In this review, the characteristics and interaction of bone metastases and their immune microenvironment were systematically discussed, and the relevant research progress of the immunological mechanism of tumor bone metastasis was reviewed. On this basis, we expounded the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for bone metastasis of common tumors, includi

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… Ipilimumab versus placebo after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy (CA184-043): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. …

Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy; the art of harnessing a foe to a friend.

For a long time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were discussed only as stem cells which could give rise to different types of cells. However, when it became clear that their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was like a green light for tumorigenesis, they emerged from the ashes. This review was arranged to provide a comprehensive and precise description of MSCs' role in regulating tumorigenesis and to discuss the dark and the bright sides of cancer treatment strategies using MSCs. To gather the details about MSCs, we made an intensive literature review using keywords, including MSCs,

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… In a study conducted on lung cancer xenograft models, it has been indicated that loading nano-docetaxel on MSCs could increase the drug’s access to the cancer site, leading to more potent induction of antitumor property ( 151 ). …

Myeloma Bone Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, characterized by overproduction of heavy- and light-chain monoclonal proteins (M-protein). These proteins are mainly found in the serum and/or urine. Reduction in normal gammaglobulins (immunoparesis) leads to an increased risk of infection. The primary site of origin is the bone marrow for nearly all patients affected by MM with disseminated marrow involvement in most cases. MM is known to involve bones and result in myeloma bone disease. Osteolytic lesions are seen in 80% of patien

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… Repetitively dosed docetaxel and153samarium-EDTMP as an antitumor strategy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer Cancer 2013 119 3186 3194 10.1002/cncr.28103 23765638 PMC3775970 198. Parker C. Nilsson D.S. Heinrich S.D. Helle S.I. O’Sullivan J.M. Fosså S.D. Chodacki A. Wiechno P. …

NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are able to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization. It has been shown that NK cells play a pivotal role in a variety of cancers, highlighting their relevance in tumor immunosurveillance. NK cell infiltration has been reported in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most frequent kidney cancer in adults, and their presence has been associated with patients' survival. However, the role of NK cells in this disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the biology of NK cells and the mechanisms through which they are abl

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… Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015;373:123–135. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627. 172. Ferris R.L., Blumenschein G., Fayette J., Guigay J., Colevas A.D., Licitra L., Harrington K., Kasper S., Vokes E.E., Even C., et al. …

The cross talk of ubiquitination and chemotherapy tolerance in colorectal cancer.

Ubiquitination, a highly adaptable post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis, encompassing cancer chemoresistance-associated proteins. Recent findings have indicated a potential correlation between perturbations in the ubiquitination process and the emergence of drug resistance in CRC cancer. Consequently, numerous studies have spurred the advancement of compounds specifically designed to target ubiquitinates, offering promising prospects for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of ubiquitination enzymes associated with c

mRNA вакцины для профилактики и лечения заболеваний.

mRNA вакцины стали высокоэффективными стратегиями в области профилактики и лечения болезней, в значительной степени, хотя и не полностью благодаря их выдающимся показателям в последние годы в борьбе с глобальной чумой. COVID-19. Огромное превосходство вакцин MRNA в том, что касается их эффективности, безопасности и крупномасштабного производства, побуждает фармацевтическую промышленность и биотехнологические компании распространять их применение на различные заболевания, несмотря на несомненные проблемы в проектировании, изготовлении и способе управления. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются тех

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… hTERT, survivin, stem cell mRNA-encoded antigens DC No Phase I/II Terminated NCT01456065 Stage III hTERT DC Survivin Phase I Unknown Prostate Cancer NCT01278914 Androgen resistant metastatic Unknown DC Unknown Phase I/II Completed NCT01446731 Castration-resistant metastatic PSA, PAP, survivin, hTERT DC Docetaxel … antigens | DC | No | Phase I/II | Terminated NCT01456065 | Stage III | hTERT | DC | Survivin | Phase I | Unknown Prostate Cancer | NCT01278914 | Androgen resistant metastatic | Unknown | DC | Unknown | Phase I/II | Completed NCT01446731 | Castration-resistant metastatic | PSA, PAP, survivin, hTERT | DC | Docetaxel …

Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods.

The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to

Melanoma and immunotherapy bridge 2015 : Naples, Italy. 1-5 December 2015.

MELANOMA BRIDGE 2015 KEYNOTE SPEAKER PRESENTATIONS Molecular and immuno-advances K1 Immunologic and metabolic consequences of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in melanoma Vashisht G. Y. Nanda, Weiyi Peng, Patrick Hwu, Michael A. Davies K2 Non-mutational adaptive changes in melanoma cells exposed to BRAF and MEK inhibitors help the establishment of drug resistance Gennaro Ciliberto, Luigi Fattore, Debora Malpicci, Luigi Aurisicchio, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Carlo M. Croce, Rita Mancini K3 Tumor-intrinsic beta-catenin signaling mediates tumor-immune avoidance Stefani Spranger, Thomas F. Gajewski K4 Intra

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… Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(17):1627–39. 6. European public assessment report for nivolumab. … Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):123–35. …

Colorectal Cancer at the Crossroads: The Good, the Bad, and the Future of Platinum-Based Drugs.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality among cancers worldwide. This review addresses the complex landscape of CRC, focusing on incidence, mortality trends, preventive strategies, and the evolving therapeutic approaches, particularly highlighting the role of platinum-based drugs like oxaliplatin (OXP). It also underscores the increasing burden of CRC, with factors such as westernized diets, aging populations, and genetic predispositions contributing to its prevalence. Therapeutically, early detection greatly enh

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… initiate apoptosis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway inhibitors | vemurafenib | trial ( NCT03727763 ) | selectively inhibit mutated BRAF V600E | cobimetinib | trial ( NCT02788279 ) | mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors | binimetinib | trial ( NCT03693170 ) | | docetaxel …

Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacotherapeutic Properties and Future Perspectives.

Background: The clinical landscape for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is currently experiencing an unprecedented expansion, with more than 20 agents approved to date and hundreds presently under clinical evaluation, underscoring their growing impact in precision oncology. By combining the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapy with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, ADCs have redefined targeted cancer therapy. Nevertheless, challenges related to toxicity, resistance, and suboptimal drug delivery continue to limit their full clinical potential. Objectives: This review provides a comprehensiv

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… Datopotamab Deruxtecan Versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Randomized, Open-Label Phase III TROPION-Lung01 Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2025;43:260–272. doi: 10.1200/JCO-24-01544. 37. Huang J., Huang T., Guo J., Hu K., Zhou H. …