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Epigenetic treatment of pancreatic cancer: is there a therapeutic perspective on the horizon?

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of <7%. Due to growing incidence, late diagnosis and insufficient treatment options, PDAC is predicted to soon become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Although intensified cytostatic combinations, particularly gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and the folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) protocol, provide some improvement in efficacy and survival compared with gemcitabine alone, a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic pancreat

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… Cell 2010 ; 141 : 69 – 80 . 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.027 20371346 PMC2851638 8 Roy DM , Walsh LA , Chan TA Driver mutations of cancer epigenomes . … Epigenomics 2015 ; 7 : 487 – 501 . 10.2217/epi.14.91 26077433 60 Garcia PL , Miller AL , Kreitzburg KM , et al The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patient-derived xenograft models . …

Artificial intelligence in immunotherapy: revolutionizing diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly advancing precision immunotherapy by integrating high-dimensional biomedical data to support diagnosis, treatment selection, and longitudinal monitoring in both cancer and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes AI applications in biomarker discovery, prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response and toxicity, neoantigen prioritization, CAR-T cell optimization, and therapeutic antibody engineering. In oncology, multimodal models combining multi-omics, medical imaging, and clinical variables improve patient stratification and non-invas

Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulation in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Autophagy is a multistep catabolic process through which misfolded, aggregated or mutated proteins and damaged organelles are internalized in membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and ultimately fused to lysosomes for degradation of sequestered components. The multistep nature of the process offers multiple regulation points prone to be deregulated and cause different human diseases but also offers multiple targetable points for designing therapeutic strategies. Cancer cells have evolved to use autophagy as an adaptive mechanism to survive under extremely stressful conditions within the tumo

Longevity leap: mind the healthspan gap.

Life expectancy has increased by three decades since the mid-twentieth century. Parallel healthspan expansion has however not followed, largely impeded by the pandemic of chronic diseases afflicting a growing older population. The lag in quality of life is a recognized challenge that calls for prioritization of disease-free longevity. Contemporary communal, clinical and research trends aspiring to extend the health horizon are here outlined in the context of an evolving epidemiology. A shared action integrating public and societal endeavors with emerging interventions that target age-related m

Diagnostic and prognostic values of integrin α subfamily mRNA expression in colon adenocarcinoma.

The integrin α (ITGA) subfamily genes play a fundamental role in various cancers. However, the potential mechanism and application values of ITGA genes in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain elusive. The present study investigated the significance of the expression of ITGA genes in COAD from the perspective of diagnosis and prognosis. A COAD RNA‑sequencing dataset was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The present study investigated the biological function of the ITGA subfamily genes through bioinformatics analysis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to

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… carcinoma and correlates positively with alpha smooth muscle actin expression J Oral Pathol Med 46 267 275 2017 10.1111/jop.12493 27699902 PMC5396328 58 Kok-Sin T Mokhtar NM Ali Hassan NZ Sagap I Mohamed Rose I Harun R Jamal R Identification of diagnostic markers in colorectal cancer via integrative epigenomics …

Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase-1 as a diagnostic biomarker in human cancer.

AimSSAT-1 is an enzyme that plays a critical role in cell growth. Amantadine, a FDA-approved antiviral drug, is a substrate for SSAT-1. The utility of amantadine as an agent to demonstrate elevated SSAT-1 activity linked to cancer was conducted.ResultsHigh levels of SSAT-1 expression were measured in tumor human cell lines, and in breast, prostate and lung tumor tissue. An increase in the urinary levels of acetylated amantadine in cancer patients was observed.ConclusionIncreases in SSAT-1 contents in tumor tissue could be of value in targeting cancers with high SSAT-1 expression for confirmati

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… Ther. 54 1 23 27 1993 8330461 10.1038/clpt.1993.104 • Interesting study examining the influence of sex and age on the renal clearance of amantadine. 37 Ehrlich M DNA hypomethylation in cancer cells Epigenomics 1 239 259 2009 20495664 10.2217/epi.09.33 PMC2873040 38 Neidhart M DNA methylation and epigenetic …

Recent advances in precision oncology research.

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Xerostomia due to systemic disease: a review of 20 conditions and mechanisms.

Xerostomia is a common complaint of nearly half of the elderly population and about one-fifth of younger adults. It causes several signs and symptoms, and compromise oral functions and health-related quality-of-life. Multiple reasons are proposed to describe the etiology of xerostomia such as local factors, psychogenic factors, and systemic diseases. In order to manage xerostomia effectively, identification of the main causality is mandatory. The aim of this review was to present systemic diseases leading to xerostomia with their mechanisms of action. We used various general search engines and

Therapeutic targeting in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with aberrant HOX/MEIS1 expression.

Despite advances in the clinical management of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the last decades, outcome remains fatal in approximately one third of patients. Primary chemoresistance, relapse and acute and long-term toxicities to conventional myelosuppressive therapies still constitute significant challenges and emphasize the unmet need for effective targeted therapies. Years of scientific efforts have translated into extensive insights on the heterogeneous spectrum of genetics and oncogenic signaling pathways of AML and identified a subset of patients characterized by upregulati

Translational Advances in Oncogene and Tumor-Suppressor Gene Research.

Cancer, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, is one of the leading causes of death globally, with approximately one in five people developing the disease in their lifetime. While many driver genes were identified decades ago, and most cancers can be classified based on morphology and progression, there is still a significant gap in knowledge about genetic aberrations and nuclear DNA damage. The study of two critical groups of genes-tumor suppressors, which inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis, and oncogenes, which regulate proliferation and survival-can help to unde

Small molecule modulators of chromatin remodeling: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration.

The dynamic changes in chromatin conformation alter the organization and structure of the genome and further regulate gene transcription. Basically, the chromatin structure is controlled by reversible, enzyme-catalyzed covalent modifications to chromatin components and by noncovalent ATP-dependent modifications via chromatin remodeling complexes, including switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF), inositol-requiring 80 (INO80), imitation switch (ISWI) and chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) complexes. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodeling is essential in different stag

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 2025 Update on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.

Disease overviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukemia. It typically occurs in older patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that interfere with the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in clonal B-cells.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B-lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B-cell population carrying the CD5 antigen as well as typical B-cell markers.Prognosis and stagingTwo clinical staging systems, Rai

Advancing CRISPR genome editing into gene therapy clinical trials: progress and future prospects.

Genome editing has recently evolved from a theoretical concept to a powerful and versatile set of tools. The discovery and implementation of CRISPR-Cas9 technology have propelled the field further into a new era. This RNA-guided system allows for specific modification of target genes, offering high accuracy and efficiency. Encouraging results are being announced in clinical trials employed in conditions like sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia (TDT). The path finally led the way to the recent FDA approval of the first gene therapy drug utilising the CRISPR/Cas

Selinexor in acute myeloid leukemia: therapeutic applications and current challenges.

This article aims to review the current application status and research advancements of selinexor in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Selinexor, as the first oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export protein Exportin-1 (XPO1), inhibits the abnormal nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins by blocking XPO1, thereby restoring their activity and exerting antitumor effects. Clinical studies have shown that selinexor monotherapy or combination therapy has demonstrated good anti-leukemia effects in AML, especially in patients with relapsed/refractory AML. In addition, the combinati

Epigenetic therapy in myeloproliferative neoplasms: evidence and perspectives.

The classic Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which include polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis, originate from a stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation that manifests itself with variable haematopoietic cell lineage involvement; they are characterized by a high degree of similarities and the chance to transform each to the other and to evolve into acute leukaemia. Their molecular pathogenesis has been associated with recurrent acquired mutations in janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene

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… 67 Kondo Y Shen L Cheng AS Gene silencing in cancer by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation independent of promoter DNA methylation Nat Genet 2008 40 741 50 18488029 10.1038/ng.159 68 Esteller M Epigenetics in cancer N Engl J Med 2008 358 1148 59 18337604 10.1056/NEJMra072067 69 Esteller M Cancer epigenomics … 2007 67 1424 9 17308079 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4218 92 Varambally S Cao Q Mani RS Genomic loss of microRNA-101 leads to overexpression of histone methyltrans-ferase EZH2 in cancer Science 2008 322 1695 9 19008416 10.1126/science.1165395 PMC2684823 93 Opalinska J Sohal D Parmar S A high resolution epigenomic …

Machine learning and multi-omics technologies for precision cardiovascular medicine: advancing diagnosis, risk prediction, and therapeutic guidance.

Cardiovascular disease remains a major global health burden. Owing to its complex pathogenesis and marked clinical heterogeneity, conventional one-size-fits-all strategies often yield limited benefit for a substantial proportion of patients. Precision medicine advocates individualized management based on patients' clinical and molecular characteristics to improve outcomes. In this context, multi-omics and machine learning provide critical technical support for precision medicine: multi-omics can capture the full spectrum of cardiovascular disease from molecular alterations to phenotypic manife

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… Multi-Omics and machine learning overview Multi-omics technology and multi-omics integration strategies Multi-omics technologies encompass high-throughput molecular data generated by genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, single-cell omics, and spatial omics, among others … Epigenomics, represented by DNA methylation signals, serves as a more stable, noninvasive biomarker compared to the highly variable transcriptomic and proteomic markers, and holds significant potential for clinical translation. …

Microfluidic enrichment of plasma cells improves treatment of multiple myeloma.

Cytogenetic alterations form the basis for risk stratification for multiple myeloma (MM) and guide the selection of therapy; however, current pathology assays performed on bone marrow samples can produce false-negatives due to the unpredictable distribution and rarity of MM cells. Here, we report on a microfluidic device used to facilitate CD45 depletion to enhance the detection of cytogenetic alterations in plasma cells (PCs). Bone marrow samples from 48 patients with MM were each divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was subjected to classic flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridizat

Candidate Regulatory Relationship and Expression Correlation Between miR-33a-5p and ANK3 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of bone marrow cancer characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. This study aims to examine the association between miR-33a-5p and Ankyrin 3 (ANK3) in CML and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of miR-33a-5p in the progression of this disease. mRNA expression profiles were obtained from the GSE100026 dataset within the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Quantitative real-time polym

Magrolimab Therapy in Conjunction with Conventional Chemotherapeutics Slows Disease Progression in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.

Background/Objectives: Magrolimab (Magro) is a humanized naked anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody that blocks the SIRPα CD47 interaction, allowing macrophages to target and destroy cancer cells. To evaluate its preclinical efficacy in vivo, Magro was tested as a single agent and in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs, Cytarabine (Ara-C) or Azacitidine (Aza), in three pediatric AML (pAML) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models-AML006 (KMT2A::MLLT1), AML010 (+10, WT1), and AML013 (KMT2A::MLLT4). Methods: After PDX model establishment, mice were assigned to treatment groups hulgG4 (VC, ve

Safety and Efficacy of Givinostat for Patients with Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Muscular dystrophy (MD) refers to a group of genetic disorders leading to progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. Among them, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are the most common types. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (i.e., givinostat) is a recently approved therapy for DMD. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate givinostat in MD patients regarding safety and efficacy. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines by searching through Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Scie