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The research progress on radionuclides in osteoporosis diagnosis and drug efficacy monitoring.

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that seriously affects the quality of life and health of patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have limitations in early detection and dynamic monitoring, making it difficult to meet clinical needs. This paper focuses on the potential of radionuclide imaging techniques, such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The paper further elaborates on the importance of radionuclides in evaluating the therapeu

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… It can not only increase the production of osteocalcin and osteopontin, but also inhibit the proliferation and promote the differentiation of osteoclasts ( Voltan et al., 2023 ). Human estrogen receptors include two subtypes, ER α and ER β, located on chromosomes 6 and 14 respectively. … Laboratory Examination | Basic laboratory tests: blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, serum protein electrophoresis, blood calcium, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, blood phosphorus, urine calcium, urine sodium Bone conversion indicators: bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin …

Sclerostin Alters Tumor Cell Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and May Be a Key Player in Local Bone Invasion.

Localized jawbone invasion is a milestone in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The factors that promote this process are not well understood. Sclerostin is known to be involved in bone metabolism and there are preliminary reports of its involvement in bone tumors and bone metastasis. To identify a possible involvement of sclerostin in the bone invasion process of OSCC, sclerostin expression was analyzed in vitro in two different human OSCC tumor cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the effect of recombinant human (rh)-sclerostin tr

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… To demonstrate successful differentiation, qRT-PCR analysis of known osteogenic markers (ALPL, COL1A1, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osterix, and RUNX2) [ 38 ] and sclerostin expression was performed. Undifferentiated hMSCs were used as a control and GAPDH was used as endogenous reference gene. … The analysis revealed overexpression of the known osteogenic markers ALPL, osteocalcin, and osterix, indicating successful differentiation of the hMSCs. …

XRK3F2 Inhibition of p62-ZZ Domain Signaling Rescues Myeloma-Induced GFI1-Driven Epigenetic Repression of the Runx2 Gene in Pre-osteoblasts to Overcome Differentiation Suppression.

Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is characterized by non-healing lytic bone lesions that persist even after a patient has achieved a hematologic remission. We previously reported that p62 (sequestosome-1) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) is critical for the formation of MM-induced signaling complexes that mediate OB suppression. Importantly, XRK3F2, an inhibitor of the p62-ZZ domain, blunted MM-induced Runx2 suppression in vitro, and induced new bone formation and remodeling in the presence of tumor in vivo. Additionally, we reported that MM cells induce the formation of repressive chro

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… Addition of either dose of XRK3F2 to differentiating MM-exposed preOBs significantly elevated Runx2 mRNA together with downstream RUNX2 target genes Osteocalcin ( Ocn) , Bone sialoprotein ( Bsp) and Osterix ( Osx) ( 40 ), which are critical for osteogenic differentiation (Figures 3B–E ). … Ascorbic acid-dependent activation of the osteocalcin promoter in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts: requirement for collagen matrix synthesis and the presence of an intact OSE2 sequence. Mol Endocrinol. (1997) 11:1103–13. 10.1210/mend.11.8.9955 38. …

MSC-EV therapy for bone/cartilage diseases.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been utilized in cell therapy for various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs play an important role in their therapeutic activities. EVs contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs) and modify the function of the recipient cells by transferring these molecules. Despite the promising potential of EV therapy as a substitute for MSC therapy, there are challenges that need to be addressed for the clinical success of EV therapy. EV quality ha

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… Huang et al., 2021 Murine BMSC DMEM/F12 + 10%FBS + 1 % P/S Ultracentrifugation + ultrafiltration Mice ACL transection intra-articular injection twice a week HE: lower histological score Tunnel: less apoptotic cells WB: suppressed Elf3, osteocalcin expression μCT: higher bone density Serum ELISA: lower … Huang et al., 2021 | Murine BMSC | DMEM/F12 + 10%FBS + 1 % P/S | Ultracentrifugation + ultrafiltration | Mice ACL transection | intra-articular injection twice a week | HE: lower histological score Tunnel: less apoptotic cells WB: suppressed Elf3, osteocalcin expression μCT: higher bone density Serum …

Targeting aberrant DNA methylation in mesenchymal stromal cells as a treatment for myeloma bone disease.

Multiple myeloma (MM) progression and myeloma-associated bone disease (MBD) are highly dependent on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MM-MSCs exhibit abnormal transcriptomes, suggesting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms governing their tumor-promoting functions and prolonged osteoblast suppression. Here, we identify widespread DNA methylation alterations of bone marrow-isolated MSCs from distinct MM stages, particularly in Homeobox genes involved in osteogenic differentiation that associate with their aberrant expression. Moreover, these DNA methylation changes are recapitul

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… H Expression of osteoblastogenesis markers IBSP (bone sialoprotein), BGLAP (osteocalcin) and SPP1 (osteopontin) was checked by qRT-PCR in MM-MSCs cultured in osteogenic media in the absence (vehicle) or presence of CM-272. … Furthermore, CM-272 treatment was able to upregulate the relative expression of several late bone formation markers (namely, bone siaploprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin) in MSCs from myeloma patients (Fig. 4H ). …

Cell Therapy Products in Menopausal Medicine.

The incidence of postmenopausal diseases increases with the age of women. In this review, we introduce cell therapy products, a new treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, which often occurs in postmenopausal women. We also figure out the trends of research on cell therapy products and emphasize the necessity and importance of this research for researchers and postmenopausal women. Finally, we suggest the direction for improvement of postmenopausal osteoporosis and research on cell therapy products. We investigated which medication have been used so far. We also examined the development and

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… Generally, adenovirus vector targeting the expression of a cellular virus receptor or type 1 collagen, or the activity of osteocalcin promoter is used. 12 , 13 Recently, it was shown that myocyte regeneration into adipocytes is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), …

Научные достижения в отношении роли остеобластов и их производных в разработке, повторении и удалении метастаза злокачественных опухолей костей: обзор повествования.

Злоумышленные опухоли костей, включая первичные опухоли костей, такие, как остеосаркома (OS), саркома Евинга (ES) и множественная миелома, а также вторичные опухоли костей от рака простаты и груди, создают значительный риск смертности. Остеобласт (OBs) и их производные играют важнейшую роль в развитии, повторении и метастазе этих опухолей. ОБ пропагандируют события, связанные с метастазом, включая остеокластную дифференциацию и распространение. Их производные, включая внеклеточные везикли и цитокины, модулярируют реконструкцию костей и развитие опухоли по различным сигнальным путям. Недавние и

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… The expression of Runx2 , osterix ( Osx ), alkaline phosphatase ( Alp ), collagen type I ( Col1a1 ), bone sialoprotein ( Bsp ), and osteocalcin ( Bglap ) can be decreased by EVs derived from 4T1 bone metastatic mouse mammary tumor cells (4T1-EVs) during the late stage of OB differentiation ( 65 ). … Upon entering the niche, PCa cells acquire an osteoblast-like phenotype by releasing molecules such as osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are involved in osteocyte differentiation and maintenance. …

Bisphosphonate Use in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Focused Systematic Review on Zoledronic Acid.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant bone loss as a long-term complication, increasing fracture risk and healthcare costs. Bisphosphonates are widely studied for mitigating bone loss since they can prevent fractures and preserve rehabilitation potential in acute SCI patients. Zoledronic acid, in particular, stands out due to its high potency, dosing convenience, and better patient adherence. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of bisphosphonates, particularly zoledronic acid, in mitigating bone loss in acute SCI. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting

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… The most commonly measured bone formation markers are P1NP, BSAP, and osteocalcin, while bone resorption markers include serum CTX, urinary N-terminal collagen telopeptide, and deoxypyridinoline [ 28 ]. … Osteocalcin, the most abundant non-collagen protein in bone, is also secreted by osteoblasts [ 41 ]. The most abundant protein component of the bone, type 1 collagen, produces C- and N-terminal telopeptides as its fragments. …

Low-level laser therapy prevents medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw-like lesions via IL-1RA-mediated primary gingival wound healing.

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious debilitating disease caused by anti-resorption and anti-angiogenesis drugs, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Recent studies suggested that primary gingival wound healing may effectively prevent the development of MRONJ. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on promoting gingival wound healing in extraction sockets of MRONJ-like mice and preventing the occurrence of MRONJ. Furthermore, we explored underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into the

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… Additionally, immunohistochemical staining indicated significantly increased osteocalcin (OCN) expression in the Zol + LLLT group than in the Zol group ( P < 0.05, Additional file 1 : Fig. S1D and S1E). … osteonecrosis of the jaw Bisphosphonates Low-level light therapy Photobiomodulation Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Interleukin-1β Tumor necrosis factor-α Zoledronate Microcomputed tomography Bone mineral density Bone volume/total volume Hematoxylin and eosin Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase Osteocalcin …

Current progress and mechanisms of bone metastasis in lung cancer: a narrative review.

Lung cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Distant metastasis has been the main cause of mortality among lung cancer patients. Bone is one of the most common sites. Among all lung cancer patients with bone metastasis, most of them are osteolytic metastasis. Some serious clinical consequences like bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal instability, spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia occur as well. Since the severity of bone metastasis in lung cancer, it is undoubtedly necessary to know how lung cancer spread to bone, how can we diagnose it and

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… Osteogenic metastasis bone-resident osteocalcin-expressing (OCN + ) osteoblastic cells are myeloid cells derived from bone marrow. Evidence shows that lung cancer can remotely activate OCN + osteoblasts in bone even in absence of metastasis. … However, high expression of DKK1 determines the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and secretion of osteocalcin, having an impact on differentiation of osteoblast ( 46 ). Overall, the bone metastasis of lung cancer is mostly based on osteolytic metastasis. …

Persistent Increase in Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in a Patient with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undefined Significance.

We report the finding of alkaline phosphatase-immunoglobulin complex (macro-alkaline phosphatase (macro-ALP)) in a patient with persistently increased ALP activity. The identification of macro-ALP is important to rule out pathological causes of increased ALP activity and to avoid unnecessary diagnostic investigation. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency, gallstone pancreatitis, and monoclonal gammopathy of undefined significance (MGUS). Macro-ALP can coexist with disease that can increase serum ALP activity. We report, for the first time, a case of macro-ALP in a pa

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… Changes in bone remodelling may be monitored by the detection of specific serum markers, including carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, β -crosslaps, and deoxypyridinoline characteristic of bone degradation as well as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, amino-terminal propeptide …

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors in multiple myeloma: promote or inhibit?

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), especially for tumor invasion and osteolytic osteopathy. By breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM) components and releasing the proteins composing the ECM and growth factors, as well as their receptors, MMPs affect tissue integrity and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis. A vital pathophysiological characteristic of MM is the progress of osteolytic lesions, which are brought on by interactions between myeloma cells and the bone marrow mic

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… Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) can combine with a variety of substrates such as collagens type I and IV, procollagen type II, etc ( 40 ), among them, collagen type I constitutes the bone collagen and not only provides a structural site for osteocalcin but also combines with non-collagenous proteins such … as osteocalcin to form a network scaffold that provides essential conditions for bone mineralization ( 41 ), thus gelatinase is very significant for the progression of myeloma bone disease. …

Всемирный конгресс по болезням остеопороза, остеоартрита и мускулоскелета 2025).

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Significant pain relief with loading dose zoledronic acid in bone metastases is only seen in patients with elevated initial serum C telopeptide (CTX).

In symptomatic bone metastases with significant pain, refractory to standard analgesics and radiotherapy, loading dose zoledronic acid (ZA) represents a simple and nontoxic treatment to obtain significant pain relief in a very short time. Its analgesic effect is limited to patients with massive osteoclast activation with high initial serum C-telopeptide (CTX). The pain reduction is proportionally correlated with the reduction of CTX.

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… 5 These products are released into the blood and excreted in the urine, and constitute markers of bone resorption and formation (for example calcium, hydroxypyridinoline, NTX, CTX, pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, and bone sialoprotein) or bone formation alone (for example alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin …

Biomarker-Driven Approaches to Bone Metastases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.

Bone metastases represent a critical complication in oncology, frequently indicating advanced malignancy and substantially reducing patient quality of life. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, emphasizing the relevance of the "seed and soil" hypothesis, the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling axis, and Wnt signaling pathways that collectively drive metastatic progression. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions are examined in detail, with a particular foc

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… While osteocalcin is valuable for assessing bone turnover, it lacks the specificity needed to serve as an independent biomarker for bone metastases. … Markers of bone formation and resorption, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OC), have demonstrated potential as genetic indicators of bone metastasis in prostate cancer. …

First-in-Human Phase I Study of MBC-11, a Novel Bone-Targeted Cytarabine-Etidronate Conjugate in Patients with Cancer-Induced Bone Disease.

Lessons learnedResults are consistent with MBC-11 targeting and treating cancer-induced bone lesions by concentrating cytarabine and etidronate at the site of disease.MBC-11 was well tolerated, with an maximum tolerated dose of 5 mg/kg per day and myelosuppression as the principal toxicity.Treatment significantly reduced cancer cell activity in over half of bone lesions detected at baseline.MBC-11 pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are consistent with the novel drug design goals, and encouraging results warrant further clinical development.BackgroundMBC-11 is a first-in-class conju

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… In a subset of patients, MBC‐11 was associated with stabilized or reduced bone turnover, with a more pronounced effect on resorption biomarkers (TRAP5b, C‐telopeptide‐CTX, deoxypyridinoline‐DPD) than formation (bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase‐bALP, osteocalcine‐OC, and procollagen 1NH2‐terminal peptide‐P1NH …

Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis, with age and in disease.

Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Within the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors, however, there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover. Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro: with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity, alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis. However, human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin conc

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… The relationship between adipokines, osteocalcin and bone quality in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 2009;24:3120–3125. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp262. 66. Rutkowski JM, et al. Adiponectin alters renal calcium and phosphate excretion through regulation of klotho expression. … Relationship between adiponectin and leptin on osteocalcin in obese adolescents during weight loss therapy. Arch. Endocrinol. Metab. 2018;62:275–284. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000039. 72. Devlin MJ, et al. Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice. J. …

Osteoporosis: Current and Emerging Therapies Targeted to Immunological Checkpoints.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal pathology characterized by compromised bone strength leading to increased risk of fracture, mainly the spine and hip fractures. Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and because of the skeletal fractures it causes, represents a major cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in older people. Recently, the new discoveries of osteoimmunology have clarified many of the pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis, helping to identify new immunological targets for its treatment opening the way for new and effective therapies with biological drugs. Cur

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… Interestingly, the behavior of the bone remodeling markers Osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal Telopeptide (CTX), respectively linked to osteoblast and osteoclast activity, confirmed the block of resorption with the maintenance of osteoformation. … Kappa-B Kinases Interleukin Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Proteins 5 and 6 Mesenchimal Stem Cell Macrophage-colony Stimulating Growth Factor microRNAs Monoclonal Antibody Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells, Cytoplasmic 1 Nuclear Factor-kB Oteoblast Progenitors Osteocalcin …

Harnessing the potential of therapeutic agents to safeguard bone health in prostate cancer.

BackgroundPatients with prostate cancer are at risk of impaired bone health. Prostate cancer has a propensity to metastasize to bone, after which patients are at risk of skeletal-related events (SREs). These complications are associated with increased mortality, substantial pain, and reduced quality of life. Patients are also at risk of bone loss due to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which can be compounded in elderly patients with reduced bone density. It is essential, therefore, that aspects of bone health and therapies able to prevent the occurrence of SREs are considered throughout th

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… Bone remodeling involves several cell types, including osteoclasts (cells that resorb bone), osteoblasts (cells that produce and secrete osteocalcin and calcified matrix) and osteocytes (cells that regulate osteoclast development); bone homeostasis relies on precise signaling between the three cell types … Value of C-telopeptide-cross-linked Type I collagen, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and procollagen Type I N-terminal propeptide in the diagnosis and prognosis of bone metastasis in patients with malignant tumors. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17:Cr626–33. doi: 10.12659/MSM.882047. 39. …

Pathogenesis of bone disease in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside.

Osteolytic bone disease is the hallmark of multiple myeloma, which deteriorates the quality of life of myeloma patients, and it affects dramatically their morbidity and mortality. The basis of the pathogenesis of myeloma-related bone disease is the uncoupling of the bone-remodeling process. The interaction between myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to the activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts, resulting in bone loss. Several intracellular and intercellular signaling cascades, including RANK/RANKL/OPG, Notch, Wnt, and numerous chemokines and interleu

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… Osteoblasts are mononuclear cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (osteoblastogenesis) and they induce bone matrix formation, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization. … LIGHT decreases osteoblastogenesis by inhibiting the formation of osteoblast precursors, osteocalcin and collagen I as well as by inducing sclerostin expression by monocytes. …