Результаты поиска

Towards a New Dawn for Neuro-Oncology: Nanomedicine at the Service of Drug Delivery for Primary and Secondary Brain Tumours.

(1) Background/Objectives: Primary and secondary brain tumours often hold devastating prognoses and low survival rates despite the application of maximal neurosurgical resection, and state-of-the-art radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One limiting factor in their management is that several antineoplastic agents are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumour microenvironment. Nanomedicine could hold the potential to become an effective means of drug delivery to overcome previous hurdles towards effective neuro-oncological treatments. (2) Methods: A scoping review following th

A review of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic sarcopenia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.

Diabetic sarcopenia is a common complication of diabetes, substantially impacting patients' quality of life and prognosis. Its pathogenesis is closely related to energy metabolism, with mitochondria-often referred to as the cellular "powerhouse"-playing a central role in this process. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic sarcopenia, emphasizing mechanisms such as energy metabolism imbalance, oxidative stress-induced damage, and abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Additionally, we discussed current research on diagnostic and therapeutic st

Developing Actively Targeted Nanoparticles to Fight Cancer: Focus on Italian Research.

Active targeting is a valuable and promising approach with which to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanodelivery systems, and the development of tumor-targeted nanoparticles has therefore attracted much research attention. In this field, the research carried out in Italian Pharmaceutical Technology academic groups has been focused on the development of actively targeted nanosystems using a multidisciplinary approach. To highlight these efforts, this review reports a thorough description of the last 10 years of Italian research results on the development of actively targeted nanoparticles t

Study on Effects of Cyclophosphamide Combined with Vinorelbine in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer and Anteroposterior Changes in MRI.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of cyclophosphamide combined with vinorelbine in advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and anteroposterior changes in MRI.MethodsThe clinical data of 90 patients with advanced SCLC admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the control group and the study group according to the order of admission, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received the routine treatment, while the study group was treated with cyclophosphamide and vinorelbine to compare the indexes of imaging data and clinical

Predicting tumour response.

Response prediction is an important emerging concept in oncologic imaging, with tailored, individualized treatment regimens increasingly becoming the standard of care. This review aims to define tumour response and illustrate the ways in which imaging techniques can demonstrate tumour biological characteristics that provide information on the likely benefit to be received by treatment. Two imaging approaches are described: identification of therapeutic targets and depiction of the treatment-resistant phenotype. The former approach is exemplified by the use of radionuclide imaging to confirm ta

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Malignant tumours characteristically have increased perfusion and capillary permeability; a number of studies have suggested that tumours with a low baseline BF and BV are more likely to respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiotherapy [ 43 ] . …

Membranous nephropathy: pathogenesis and treatments.

Membranous nephropathy (MN), an autoimmune disease, can manifest at any age and is among the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. In 80% of cases, the specific etiology of MN remains unknown, while the remaining cases are linked to drug use or underlying conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis B virus, or malignancy. Although about one-third of patients may achieve spontaneous complete or partial remission with conservative management, another third face an elevated risk of disease progression, potentially leading to end-stage renal disease within 10 years. The i

Derivation and elimination of uremic toxins from kidney-gut axis.

Uremic toxins are chemicals, organic or inorganic, that accumulate in the body fluids of individuals with acute or chronic kidney disease and impaired renal function. More than 130 uremic solutions are included in the most comprehensive reviews to date by the European Uremic Toxins Work Group, and novel investigations are ongoing to increase this number. Although approaches to remove uremic toxins have emerged, recalcitrant toxins that injure the human body remain a difficult problem. Herein, we review the derivation and elimination of uremic toxins, outline kidney-gut axis function and relati

Влияние различных методов лечения на толщину спины у пациентов с множественным склерозом: обзор.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное расстройство, воздействующее на центральную нервную систему с различными клиническими проявлениями, такими, как оптический неврит, сенсорные расстройства и синдромы головного мозга. Происхождение заболеваний контролируется с помощью таких методов, как сканирование МРТ, шкала инвалидности и томография оптической согласованности (OCT), которые могут обнаруживать утончённую сетчатку сетчатки, даже при отсутствии оптического невраита. MS прогрессирует в нейродегенерации, особенно транссинптической дегенерации, которая выходит за рамки первоначального места

Phosphodiesterase type 5 and cancers: progress and challenges.

Cancers are an extraordinarily heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct genetic profiles and biological features that directly influence response patterns to various treatment strategies as well as clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, our growing understanding of cancer cell biology and tumor progression is gradually leading towards rational, tailored medical treatments designed to destroy cancer cells by exploiting the unique cellular pathways that distinguish them from normal healthy counterparts. Recently, inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is emerging as a

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Oral administration of sildenafil and vardenafil selectively improved tumor capillary permeability in 9L gliosarcoma-bearing rats, without changes in normal brain capillaries [ 249 ]. …

An Overview of Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery System in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is recognized as one of the world's deadliest diseases, with more than 10 million new cases each year. Over the past 2 decades, several studies have been performed on cancer to pursue solutions for effective treatment. One of the vital benefits of utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment is their high adaptability for modification and amalgamation of different physicochemical properties to boost their anti-cancer activity. Various nanomaterials have been designed as nanocarriers attributing nontoxic and biocompatible drug delivery systems with improved bioactivity. The present

Total adenosine deaminase cases as an inflammatory biomarker of pleural effusion syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Although inflammatory diseases commonly affect the pleura and pleural space, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. The presence of several mediators emphasizes the concept of pleural inflammation. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an inflammatory mediator detected at increased levels in the pleural fluid. AIM: To determine the role of total pleural ADA (P-ADA) levels in the diagnosis of pleural inflammatory diseases. METHODS: 157 patients with inflammatory pleural effusion (exudates, n = 124, 79%) and non-inflammatory pleural effusion (transudates, n = 33, 21%) were included in t

Повторная оценка биопсии почек в связи с диабетической болезнью почек: гистопатология, курс клинической медицины и будущее точной нефрологии.

Фон: диабетическое заболевание почек (DKD) one :: основные причины хронических заболеваний и почечной недостаточности во всем мире. Хотя большинство пациентов, страдающих диабетом, диагностируются клинически на основе албуминурии, предполагаемого снижения уровня глумерной фильтрации и диабетической ретинопатии, одни только клинические параметры не могут надежно отличать биопсию, подтвержденную диабетической нефропатией (ННН), от недиабетической болезни почек (НДКД) или смешанных повреждений. Таким образом, биопсия почек для больных диабетом по-прежнему носит избирательный, а не рутинный характ

Роль Neuroptide Y в зубной касти: уравновешивание нейрогенного воспаления и модуляции боли.

ВЕЩЕСТВО: Стоматологическая целлюлоза представляет собой густонаселенную, низкосопоставимую ткань, в которой нейронное воспаление может быстро перерасти в отеку, поднимает внутрипульсовое давление, микроваскулярный компромисс и боль. В то время как пептид вещества P (SP) и кальцитонин (CGRP) являются хорошо зарекомендовавшими себя движущими силами вазодиляции целлюлозы, внутренний контррегулятивный механизм Neuroopepide Y (NPY) остается относительно недостаточно изученным.ЦЕЛИ: Критически синтезировать текущие данные по NPY в области стоматологической биологии целлюлозы с уделением особого вни

The Bone Marrow Microenvironment Mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Bone marrow (BM) is a highly complex tissue that provides important regulatory signals to orchestrate hematopoiesis. Resident and transient cells occupy and interact with some well characterized niches to produce molecular and cellular mechanisms that interfere with differentiation, migration, survival, and proliferation in this microenvironment. The acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common and severe hematological neoplasm in adults, arises and develop in the BM. The osteoblastic, vascular, and reticular niches provide surface co-receptors, soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines that

New insights into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis: learning from histochemical analyses of animal models.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a fatal complication that can occur in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. It is characterized by bowel obstruction and marked sclerotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane. Although the mechanisms underlying the development of EPS are complex, angiogenesis, inflammation, and peritoneal fibrosis are known to be essential factors. Now, several animal models that exhibit EPS have pathophysiology similar to that of human EPS and have been proposed for use in research to provide insights into it. Recent histochemical methods also help us

Hematology and Immune-Related Disorders

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome.

POEMS is a rare clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by multi-systemic features that include demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, presence of monoclonal proteins (M-protein), and skin changes. Even though the pathophysiology is poorly understood, recent studies suggest that both clonal and polyclonal plasmacytosis leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic mediators play the central role. These mediators including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the driving forces of the syndrome. The diagnosis of POEMS is not always

Pathological Crosstalk between Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells and the Bone Microenvironment.

Bone is the most common metastatic site in breast cancer. Upon arrival to the bone, disseminated tumor cells can undergo a period of dormancy but often eventually grow and hijack the bone microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of multiple cell types including the bone cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells that all have crucial functions in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Tumor cells severely disturb the tightly controlled cellular and molecular interactions in the bone marrow fueling their own survival and growth. While the role of bone resorbing osteo

IgA Nephropathy: Current Treatment and New Insights.

IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Despite the histopathologic hallmark of mesangial IgA deposition, IgAN is a heterogenous autoimmune disease not only in terms of clinical presentation but also in long-term disease progression. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and includes the generation of circulating IgA immune complexes with chemical and biological characteristics that favor mesangial deposition and reaction to mesangial under-glycosylated IgA1 accumulation, which leads to tissue injury with glomerulosclerosis and interstitial

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with multiple myeloma: A comprehensive review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells and is defined by criteria set forth by the international myeloma working group. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg measured during right heart catheterization. Echocardiography-diagnosed PH is relatively common in patients with MM and has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and poor stem cell transplant outcomes. PH in patients with MM (PH-MM) is usually multifactorial in origin. MM disease-specific factors,