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Systemic exposure to PAHs and benzene in firefighters suppressing controlled structure fires.

Turnout gear provides protection against dermal exposure to contaminants during firefighting; however, the level of protection is unknown. We explored the dermal contribution to the systemic dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other aromatic hydrocarbons in firefighters during suppression and overhaul of controlled structure burns. The study was organized into two rounds, three controlled burns per round, and five firefighters per burn. The firefighters wore new or laundered turnout gear tested before each burn to ensure lack of PAH contamination. To ensure that any increase in

Inhibition of augmented muscle vasoconstrictor drive following asphyxic apnoea in awake human subjects is not affected by relief of chemical drive.

Progressive asphyxia, produced by a prolonged voluntary breath hold (end-expiratory apnoea), evokes large bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). These bursts increase in amplitude until the asphyxic break point is reached, at which point the bursts are inhibited. We tested the hypothesis that lung inflation, rather than relief from hypoxia and hypercapnia, is responsible for the inhibition of MSNA. Multiunit MSNA was recorded from motor fascicles of the common peroneal nerve in 11 subjects. Following a period of quiet breathing, subjects were instructed to behave as follows: (i) t

Design, baseline characteristics, and retention of African American light smokers into a randomized trial involving biological data.

BACKGROUND: African Americans experience significant tobacco-related health disparities despite the fact that over half of African American smokers are light smokers (use ≤ 10 cigarettes per day). African Americans have been under-represented in smoking cessation research, and few studies have evaluated treatment for light smokers. This paper describes the study design, measures, and baseline characteristics from Kick It at Swope III (KIS-III), the first treatment study of bupropion for African American light smokers. METHODS: Five hundred forty African American light smokers were randomly as

Asthma symptoms, lung function, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in children exposed to oil refinery pollution.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the effects of exposure to petroleum refinery emissions on respiratory health in children. We evaluated lung function and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in children and adolescents with and without asthma or wheezing symptoms living in a petrochemical polluted area (Sarroch, Sardinia) versus a reference area (Burcei). METHODS: Parents of 275/300 6- to 14-year-old children living in Sarroch and parents of 214/323 children living in Burcei answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and risk factors. Measurements of forced expiratory volume a

Voluntary breathing influences corticospinal excitability of nonrespiratory finger muscles.

The present study aimed to investigate neurophysiologic mechanisms mediating the newly discovered phenomenon of respiratory-motor interactions and to explore its potential clinical application for motor recovery. First, young and healthy subjects were instructed to breathe normally (NORM); to exhale (OUT) or inhale (IN) as fast as possible in a self-paced manner; or to voluntarily hold breath (HOLD). In experiment 1 (n = 14), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied during 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) finger flexion force production or at rest. The motor-evoked potentials

Comparison of cardiac, hepatic, and renal effects of arginine vasopressin and noradrenaline during porcine fecal peritonitis: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Infusing arginine vasopressin (AVP) in vasodilatory shock usually decreases cardiac output and thus systemic oxygen transport. It is still a matter of debate whether this vasoconstriction impedes visceral organ blood flow and thereby causes organ dysfunction and injury. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether low-dose AVP is safe with respect to liver, kidney, and heart function and organ injury during resuscitated septic shock. METHODS: After intraperitoneal inoculation of autologous feces, 24 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented pigs were randomly assign

Smoking cessation and prevention for young people--Romanian expertise.

INTRODUCTION: According to a National Study inside The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs, 64% of schoolchildren aged 16 in Romania have ever smoked at least one cigarette. Starting 2005, volunteers from NGO "Aer Pur Romania (APR)" have become involved in European projects targeting smoke free schoolchildren and adolescents. METHODS: "Smoke-free class" competition project, was co-funded by EU, implemented first time in the school year 2004/2005 by the APR and Romanian National Anti- Drug Agency (RNDA) and was run annually ever since. The OBJECTIVE was smoking prevention

Evolution of tidal volume requirement during the first 3 weeks of life in infants <800 g ventilated with Volume Guarantee.

BACKGROUND: Volume-targeted ventilation is used in neonates to reduce volutrauma and inadvertent hyperventilation. Little is known about appropriate tidal volume (V(T)) settings in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants who remain intubated for extended periods. HYPOTHESIS: The V(T) required to maintain adequate partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P(CO2) levels changes as the underlying disease evolves in infants ventilated for prolonged periods. OBJECTIVE: To obtain normative data for V(T) associated with normocapnia in ELBW infants ventilated with Volume Guarantee over the first 3 weeks

Carboxyhemoglobin and its correlation to disease severity in cirrhotics.

GOAL: To assess the correlation of serum carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) to severity of liver disease as compared with Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child Pugh score, and clinical parameters. BACKGROUND: There are 2 sources of carbon monoxide (CO) in humans, exogenous sources include those such as tobacco smoke and inhaled motor vehicle exhaust. The endogenous source is via the heme-oxygenase pathway, in which a heme molecule is broken down into biliverdin with release of an iron (Fe) and CO molecule. Normal serum CO-Hb levels in nonsmokers is 0% to 1.5% and 4% to 9% in smokers. A

Dynamic variables and fluid responsiveness in patients for aortic stenosis surgery.

BACKGROUND: Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease in developed countries, but it carries an increased mortality during non-cardiac surgery underscoring the importance of adequate hemodynamic management. Further, haemodynamic management of patients immediately after surgery for aortic stenosis can be challenging. Prediction of fluid responsiveness using dynamic variables has not been sufficiently studied in patients for aortic stenosis surgery. METHODS: Observational study evaluating fluid responsiveness on 32 (31 analysed) patients scheduled for aortic valve replacement due to a

Diaphragm efficiency estimated as power output relative to activation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Muscle efficiency increases with fiber length and decreases with load. Diaphragm efficiency (Eff(di)) in healthy humans, measured as power output (Wdi) relative to the root mean square of diaphragm electromyogram (RMS(di)), increases with hyperpnea due to phasic activity of abdominal muscles acting to increase diaphragm length at end expiration (L(di ee)) and decrease inspiratory load. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hyperpnea may decrease Eff(di) if L(di ee) decreases and load increases due to airflow obstruction and dynamic hyperinflation. To examine this hypothesis, we meas

2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic life support.

This publication presents the 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of the pediatric patient and the 2005 American Academy of Pediatrics/AHA guidelines for CPR and ECC of the neonate. The guidelines are based on the evidence evaluation from the 2005 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, hosted by the American Heart Association in Dallas, Texas, January 23-30, 2005. The "2005 AHA Guidelines for Cardiopu

:: воздействие респираторной подготовки по вопросам респираторной функции, утомления, качества жизни и функциональной способности пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Предыстория и цели: Телеабилитация (TR) предлагает новаторский подход к решению проблем доступности при управлении множественным склерозом (МС). В этом исследовании была дана оценка эффективности интеграции упражнений по дыханию в программы TR, направленные на улучшение дыхательной функции, усталости и качества жизни. Материалы и методы: Было проведено выборочное контролируемое испытание с участием 48 пациентов из числа НР, которые были произвольно включены в состав групп TR и контроля. Обе группы проводили упражнение дыхательных путей в течение восьми недель. До и после вмешательства была про

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Pursed-lip breathing requires partic- ipants to inhale deeply through their nose and exhale slowly through pursed lips, a tech- nique aimed at prolonging exhalation, reducing air trapping, enhancing alveolar ventilation, and minimizing the work of breathing. … Diaphragmatic breathing, performed in a seated position, focuses on abdominal expansion during inhalation and contraction during exhalation while exhaling through pursed lips. …

Positive end-expiratory pressure attenuates hemodynamic effects induced by an overload of inspiratory muscles in patients with COPD.

BACKGROUND: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) using a Threshold® device is commonly used to improve the strength and endurance of inspiratory muscles. However, the effect of IMT, alone or with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), on hemodynamic parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of an overload of inspiratory muscles using IMT fixed at 30% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and IMT associated with 5 cmH2O of PEEP (IMT + PEEP), on the echocardiographic parameters in healthy subjects and patients

Long-term pulmonary morbidity in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Our objective was to study long-term respiratory outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treated in the perinatal period. This was a cohort study with 26 adolescent survivors and age- and gender-matched controls. Medical histories were retrieved from hospital charts and questionnaires. Pulmonary function testing included measurement of maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIPS and MEPS) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Unpaired two-tailed t-test and nonlinear regression were used for statistical analysis. Significant differences were found in forced expiratory volume

Changes in human biomarkers of exposure after complete switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes or exclusive e-cigarette use: a systematic review and biomarker-specific meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Combustible cigarette smoking remains a major preventable cause of premature mortality worldwide, and the public-health relevance of electronic cigarettes depends substantially on whether switching from cigarettes lowers exposure to toxicants associated with smoking-related disease. We systematically reviewed the human biomonitoring evidence and quantified changes in biomarkers of exposure after complete switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes or exclusive e-cigarette use after cigarette smoking. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from incep

Predictors of cough resolution following endoscopic minimally invasive treatment in patients with GERD and chronic cough: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors influencing cough resolution following endoscopic minimally invasive treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by chronic cough, and to establish a predictive model based on these findings. METHODS: Clinical data from 200 patients with GERD and cough undergoing endoscopic minimally invasive treatment at our hospital between January and December 2024 were included. All patient data were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Patients were divided into a cough non-relief group (n = 35) and a cough-relief group

Biochemical and clinical effects of continuous positive airway pressure combined with sildenafil on inflammatory and hemodynamic profiles in obese asthma patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Obesity-associated asthma complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves multifactorial biochemical dysregulation, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the combined biochemical and clinical effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and sildenafil on pulmonary function, inflammatory biomarkers, and hemodynamic parameters in obese asthma patients with PAH. METHODS: A total of 134 patients (BMI &gt;30 kg/m2, FEV1 &lt; 70% pred, PASP &gt; 30 mmHg) were enrolled and divided into a treatmen

Domestic fungal exposure and asthma morbidity in New York City children following Superstorm Sandy.

BACKGROUND: Following Superstorm Sandy (SS), domestic fungal growth and the associated respiratory health impacts concerned New York City (NYC) residents, especially those with asthma. OBJECTIVES: Test hypotheses that compared to non-damaged homes, SS-damaged homes would have different fungal profiles and children living in SS-damaged homes would have higher asthma morbidity. METHODS: We recruited 59 families with asthmatic children from SS-damaged NYC homes 6-18 months following the storm to compare with 68 asthmatic children from non-damaged homes in a concurrent study. Home visits include

Severe asthma and remission prospects in Europe (SHARP): insights from a multicentre observational study based on the European Severe Asthma Registry.

BACKGROUND: Severe asthma affects a minority of patients with asthma; however, it substantially impacts morbidity, health-care use, and systemic corticosteroid-related harm. Despite the increasing use of biological treatments, achievement of severe asthma remission remains elusive. Notably, real-world data on the disease burden and remission potential of severe asthma in Europe remain limited. We aimed to close this knowledge gap, offering insights with global relevance. METHODS: Using data from 13 455 adults with severe asthma enrolled in the European Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Registry, Pa