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Field outbreak investigation and immunoinformatic analysis suggest potential immune evasion by Newcastle disease virus Sub-Genotype XIV.2 in Nigeria.

Poultry production is one of the fastest-growing agricultural sub-sectors in Nigeria. However, it faces numerous challenges, mainly from fre … he sub-genotype XIV.2 proteins revealed notable amino acid variations (R114Q, V118I, A220V) in both Major Histocompatibility Complex class I and II epitopes compared to common NDV vaccine and other prominent field strains. Modelling and structural validation of the BF2*2101 chicken allele showed 99% residues within the allowed regions in Ramachandran plot and - 6.61 Z-score, conf …

A Mutation-Based Reverse Vaccinology Approach Considering Variability in Epitopes to Combat Multi-Strains: A Study Using Glycoprotein of LASV.

Lassa virus (LASV) remains a persistent threat to public health, and to combat this, various therapeutics have been developed, but their eff … with the identified position to introduce variability. 2 LBL (Linear B-cell lymphocyte), 21 MHC-I (Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I), and 8 MHC-II potential epitopes were considered for wild and mutated (based on the mutation mapping). The wild and mutated vaccines were separately constructed, which comprise 545 amino acids in length by adjoining B and T cell epitopes vi …

Experimental myositis: an optimised version of C-protein-induced myositis.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory myopathies (IM) are a group of severe autoimmune diseases, sharing some similarities, whose cause is unknown and … . Optical and electron microscopy revealed mononuclear cell infiltrate, myofibre necrosis, atrophy, major histocompatibility complex-I expression as well as sarcolemmal, sarcomeric and mitochondrial abnormalities. Autoantibodies targeting C-protein, proinflammatory T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and type I and II interferon-stimulated transcripts were detected within the muscle of E …

Biomarker expression level changes within rectal gut-associated lymphoid tissues in spinal cord-injured rats.

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is common after spinal cord injury (SCI). Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), an organized structure w … regulated gene expression levels of multiple biomarkers, including B cell and T cell-related genes, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, and germinal center (GC)-related genes, which was further confirmed by histologic examination. In the same rectal tissue segment following T9 SCI, inflammation-related genes were upregulated at 28 days post-injury (DPI) ind …

Association between Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles and Endocrine Disorders in a Cohort of 895 Patients from Russian Clinical Population.

Endocrine disorders represent a serious public health problem and frequently can be caused by genetic factors or their combination with environmental and lifestyle factors. Assessment of relevant genetic factors is important to estimate the risk of endocrine pathologies in an individual before their manifestation. Identification of genetic variations in proteins of the major histocompatibility complex is important with regard to the autoimmune nature of many endocrine pathologies, including type 1 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) g…

The Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Human Cytomegalovirus from Primary Infection to Reactivation.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latency following primary infection, residing within myeloid progenitor cells and monocytes. To achieve this, the virus employs multiple immune evasion strategies. It suppresses innate immune signaling by inhibiting Toll-like receptor and cGAS-STING pathways. In addition, the virus suppresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent antigen presentation to evade T cell recognition. As the downregulation of MHC molecules may trigger NK cell activation, the virus compensates for this by expressing proteins such as UL40 and IL-10, which en…

Impact of Manufacturing Process and Compounding on Properties and Quality of Follow-On GLP-1 Polypeptide Drugs.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of follow-on and compounded products of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs is increasing. We assessed glucagon-like pep … upled plasma mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, dissolution analyses, in silico peptide/major histocompatibility complex II-binding prediction, and fibrillation assays. RESULTS: Overall, 16 injectable semaglutide, 8 oral semaglutide, and 2 injectable liraglutide follow-on products were analyzed alongside originator products. Compared with originator, follow-on inject …

CSF1R inhibition promotes neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits during graft-versus-host disease in mice.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is becoming increasingly recognized, in which brain-infiltrating donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) drive pathology. BMDM are also mediators of cutaneous and pulmonary cGVHD, and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antibody blockade of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to deplete macrophages are promising. We hypothesized that CSF1R antibody blockad…

Immunopeptidomic MHC-I profiling and immunogenicity testing identifies Tcj2 as a new Chagas disease mRNA vaccine candidate.

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. Globally 6 to 7 million people are infected by this parasite of which 20-30% will progress to develop Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Despite its high disease burden, no clinically approved vaccine exists for the prevention or treatment of CCC. Developing vaccines that can stimulate T. cruzi-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and eliminate infected cells requires targeting parasitic antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) molecules. We utilized mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics to investi…

Baseline Expression of Immune Gene Modules in Blood is Associated With Primary Response to Anti-TNF Therapy in Crohn's Disease Patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] therapy is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, yet many … fter adjusting for clinical covariates and estimated blood cell composition, baseline expression of major histocompatibility complex, antigen presentation, myeloid cell enriched receptor, and other innate immune gene modules was significantly higher in anti-TNF responders vs non-responders. Expression changes from baseline to week 14 were generally of consistent direction but gre …

Genetic contribution to microglial activation in schizophrenia.

Several lines of evidence indicate the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Microglia a … vation that were shared by microglia of both affected and unaffected twins, but the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II receptors was observed only in affected twin microglia. Also, the microglia of affected twins had heterogeneous response to clozapine, minocycline, and sulforaphane treatments. Overall, despite the increased expression of inflammatory …

Inhibition of Cathepsin S in Autoimmune CD25KO Mouse Improves Sjögren Disease-Like Lacrimal Gland Pathology.

PURPOSE: CD25KO mice are a model of Sjögren disease (SjD) driven by autoreactive T cells. Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a protease crucial for major histocompatibility complex class II presentation that primes T cells. We investigated if a diet containing CTSS inhibitor would improve autoimmune signs in CD25KO mice. METHODS: Four-week female CD25KO mice were randomly chosen to receive chow containing a CTSS inhibitor (R05461111, 262.5 mg/kg chow) or standard chow for 4 weeks. Cornea sensitivity was measured. Inflammatory score was assessed in lacrimal gland (LG) histologic sections. Flow cytometry of…

Acute Rejection Rates in Vascularized Composite Allografts: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.

INTRODUCTION: Vascularized Composite Allografts (VCA) are usually performed in a full major histocompatibility complex mismatch setting, with a risk of acute rejection depending on factors such as the type of immunosuppression therapy and the quality of graft preservation. In this systematic review, we present the different immunosuppression protocols used in VCA and point out relationships between acute rejection rates and possible factors that might influence it. METHODS: This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-…

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia: a double-edged sword.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202508000-00029/figure1/v/2024-09-30T120553Z/r/image-tiff Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration … analyses were performed. Olfactory bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Allogeneically and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days, forming an epimembrane. In axotomized retinas, only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but n …

MHC-I выступает посредником по разминированию и антителной реакции на зоонотический вирус Ласса в грызунах Мастомиса.

Западноафриканские грызуны мастомики являются основным резервуаром зоонотического вируса Ласса (LASV). Вирус вызывает геморрагическую лихорадку Ласса и значительную смертность у людей. До настоящего времени роль иммуногенетики Мастомии в устойчивости и стойкости ЛАГВ в значительной степени неизвестна. Здесь мы изучили роль I класса I (MHC-I) < < Большой гистокомпьютерный комплекс > > в связи с инфекцией ЛАГ (т.е. активная и очищенная инфекция, определяемая с помощью ПЦР и анализа иммунной флюоресценции на антителах IGG, соответственно) в Мастомисе Натененсисе и М. Эритролюкусе, ото

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
West African Mastomys rodents are the primary reservoir of the zoonotic Lassa virus (LASV). The virus causes haemorrhagic Lassa fever and considerable mortality in humans. To date, the role of Mastomys immunogenetics in resistance to, and persistence of, LASV infections is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Major Histocompatibility Complex cl…

Concerted synergy between viral-specific IgG and CD8 + T cells is critical for clearance of an HCV-related rodent hepacivirus.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence assessing the role of B cells and their antibodies, or lack thereof, in the spontaneous resolution of acute HC … tion. Virus-specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cells were characterized in these mice using newly developed major histocompatibility complex class I and II tetramers and ex vivo peptide stimulation. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified from the serum of RHV- or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong-infected mice after viral clearance and passively transferred to AID cre/cre recipie …

TRPA1 and TPRV1 Ion Channels Are Required for Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Parainflammation and Can Modulate Levels of Resident Corneal Immune Cells.

PURPOSE: Contact lens wear can induce corneal parainflammation involving CD11c+ cell responses (24 hours), γδ T cell responses (24 hours and … toxin (RTX)-treated mice. Contralateral eyes were not fitted with lenses. Corneas were examined for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+, CD45+, γδ T, or TNF-α+ cell responses (24 hours) or Ly6G+ responses (6 days) by quantitative imaging. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) determined cytokine gene expression. RESULTS: Lens-induced increases in MHC class II+ cells after 24 …

Autoimmune diabetes mellitus after COVID-19 vaccination in adult population: a systematic review of case reports.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune/type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a recently described rare occurrence following the administration of adjuvants suc … ive patients (41.7%) had genetic susceptibility, with RNA binding motif protein 45 (RBM45/DRB1) and major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1) mutations being prominent. INTERPRETATION: In this review, we have shown a small number of new-onset diabetes cases coincidently occurring soon after the COVID-19 vaccine, especially in those with genetic susceptibil …

Improved Antitumor Effect of NK Cells Activated by Neutrophils in a Bone Marrow Transplant Model.

The licensing process mediated by inhibitory receptors of the Ly49 C-type lectin superfamily that recognizes self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in mice is essential for the proper antitumor function of natural killer (NK) cells. Several models for NK cell licensing can be exploited for adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. However, the appropriate adoptive transfer setting to induce efficient graft versus tumor/leukemia effects remains elusive, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In our previous experiment, we showed that intraperitoneal neutrophil ad…

Characterization of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Oral Lichen Planus.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inflammatory condition of unknown cause that has been associated with concurrent candidal infection. Mucosal- … mIHC for the cellular markers CD3, interleukin 18 receptor one (IL18R1), TCRVα7.2, CD161, CD8, and major histocompatibility complex class I-related (MR-1) protein. The samples were stratified into five groups on the basis of clinical (presence/absence of symptoms) and microbiological (presence/absence of Candida) criteria. Results demonstrated the presence of MAIT cell phenotype …