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Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients

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… -5 divided doses or in adult >40 kg: 800 mg twice daily Patients with positive anti-HSV antibodies and severe mucositis or receiving treatment for acute leukemia Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily for HSV prophylaxis For VZV exposure 1 g three times daily (see text) VZV-susceptible patients exposed to chickenpox … with leukemia or lymphoma with hypogammaglobulinemia (<400 mg/dL) and severe bacterial infections (reasonable, but not proved) Specific anti-VZV (VariZIG) 125 IU for every 10 kg of body weight (max., 625 IU) In high-risk contact with a negative history of varicella within 96 hours after exposure to chickenpox …

Cost-effectiveness of the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) against herpes zoster: An updated critical review.

The objective of this study was to critically review the cost-effectiveness (CE) of the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) against herpes zoster (HZ). A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane between January 1, 2017, and February 28, 2022, and on select public healthcare agency websites to identify and collect data from CE studies comparing RZV to zoster vaccine live (ZVL) or to no vaccination. Study characteristics, inputs, and outputs were collected. The overall CE of RZV was assessed. RZV vaccination against HZ is cost-effective in 15 out of 18 studies included in the

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… Anyone with a previous record of varicella (chickenpox) is at risk of developing herpes zoster. … The health and economic burden of chickenpox and herpes zoster in Belgium. Epidemiol Infect. 2012;140(11):2096–109. doi: 10.1017/S0950268811002640. 68. Szucs TD, Pfeil AM. A systematic review of the cost effectiveness of Herpes Zoster vaccination. …

Infections in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

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… When a VZV-seronegative patient receives a significant exposure to a person with active or incubating chickenpox, a course of acyclovir with or without varicella-zoster immune globulin (VariZIG) is recommended to prevent chickenpox (see Chapter 308). 182 Acyclovir in the usual treatment doses of 10 mg … For a VZV-seropositive patient living in the same dwelling as someone with an index case of active chickenpox or shingles, acyclovir is reported to be useful in preventing new infection. …

Lack of evidence for post-vaccine onset of autoimmune/lymphoproliferative disorders, during a nine-month follow-up in multiply vaccinated Italian military personnel.

Anecdotal case reports, amplified by mass media and internet-based opinion groups, have recently indicated vaccinations as possibly responsible for autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation development. Multiply vaccinated Italian military personnel (group 1, operating in Italy, group 2, operating in Lebanon) were followed-up for nine months to monitor possible post-vaccine autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation onset. No serious adverse event was noticed in both groups. Multivariate analysis of intergroup differences only showed a significant association between lymphocyte increase and tetanus/diphtheria va

Herpes Zoster and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Associations and Preventive Measures through Vaccination.

Herpes zoster, induced by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a unilaterally distributed vesicular rash that can cause multiple complications. VZV not only causes neurological problems, including postherpetic neuralgia and ocular zoster, but also causes inflammatory vasculopathy and increases the incidence of hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Therefore, understanding the association between the development of herpes zoster and the subsequent occurrence of acute stroke or cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, is of great interest.

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… Introduction Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox (varicella), usually in childhood, and becomes latent in the neurons of the cranial and spinal ganglia of nearly all individuals after the chickenpox resolves. … Furthermore, in Japan’s aging society, there is a high possibility that the incidence of not only herpes zoster but also chickenpox among older people will increase as cell-mediated immunity specific to VZV declines with age [ 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. …

Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). After resolution of the varicella episode, the virus can remain latent in the sensitive dorsal ganglia of the spine. Years later, with declining immunity, the varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate and cause herpes zoster, an extremely painful condition that can last many weeks or months and significantly compromise the quality of life of the affected person. The natural process of aging is associated with a reduction in cellular im…

Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection and Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine-Related Ocular Complications.

The varicella-zoster virus is a human herpesvirus that causes varicella as the primary infection and HZ as the reactivation of a latent infection. Ten to twenty percent of cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) involve the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve. Any area of the eye may be affected by the condition. HZ has a lifetime risk of more than 30%. Complications from herpes zoster can significantly lower quality of life. The goal of HZ vaccinations is to stop HZ activation and PHN formation. Despite the uncommon possibility of side effects such as eye problems, the majority of

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… Introduction Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic human herpesvirus and a double-stranded DNA virus that can cause two distinct diseases: varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles), a vesicular dermatomal rash brought on by the latent virus reactivating. … Red eye in chickenpox: Varicella-related acute anterior uveitis in a child. BMJ Case Rep. 2010;2010:bcr0120102678. doi: 10.1136/bcr.01.2010.2678. 24. Gargouri S., Khochtali S., Zina S., Khairallah M., Zone-Abid I., Kaibi I., Ben Yahia S., Feki J., Khairallah M. …

Acute Liver Failure due to Disseminated Varicella Zoster Infection.

Acute liver failure (ALF) can be due to numerous causes and result in fatality or necessitate liver transplantation if left untreated. Possible etiologies of ALF include ischemia, venous obstruction, medications, toxins, autoimmune hepatitis, metabolic and infectious causes including hepatitis A-E, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus with VZV being the most rarely reported. Pathognomonic skin lesions facilitate diagnosis of VZV hepatitis, but definitive diagnosis is secured with liver biopsy, tissue histopath

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… Introduction Varicella zoster virus can cause two clinical syndromes, primary (chickenpox) and secondary (herpes zoster). Primary infection presents mainly in children with a generalized vesicular rash. …

Herpes Zoster in Hematological Disorders: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Emerging Strategies for Prevention and Immunization.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster (HZ), resulting from reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV), imposes a significant burden on immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematological malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). These populations face markedly increased risks of severe complications, including disseminated disease and postherpetic neuralgia. OBJECTIVE: This review examines the pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, and evolving preventive strategies for HZ in patients with hematological disorders, with an emphasis on antiviral pr

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… Following primary infection—typically occurring in childhood and manifesting as varicella (chickenpox)—VZV establishes lifelong latency within sensory neuronal ganglia. …

Demographical and Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Adult Patients with Herpes Zoster in Türkiye: A Retrospective, Multi-Center Study (VARICOMP-Adult Study).

Introduction: Over the past few decades, the rising incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) rates appears to have been a global phenomenon. In Türkiye, there is a lack of comprehensive studies addressing the HZ burden of disease, risk factors, and clinical characteristics. The aim of the VARICOMP-Adult study was to evaluate the clinical and demographic findings of adult patients with HZ. Patients and Methods: We enrolled the medical records of 1955 patients, 1010 females and 945 males, aged between 18 and 97 years between 2009 and 2014. Results: The presence of underlying conditions was present in 35.

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… Introduction Initial infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV) typically results in the development of chickenpox, which is most commonly observed in children [ 1 ]. … [(accessed on 10 March 2025)]; Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/index.html . 3. John A.R., Canaday D.H. Herpes Zoster in the Older Adult. Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 2017;31:811–826. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.016. 4. Kawai K., Gebremeskel B.G., Acosta C.J. …

Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.

BACKGROUND: Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) are serious diseases that can lead to serious complications, disability, and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in several countries persists, despite its almost universal use and accepted effectiveness. This is an update of a review published in 2005 and updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness, safety, and long- and short-term adverse effects associated with the trivalent vaccine, containing measles, rubella, mumps strains (MM…

Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.

BACKGROUND: Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) are serious diseases that can lead to serious complications, disability, and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in several countries persists, despite its almost universal use and accepted effectiveness. This is an update of a review published in 2005 and updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness, safety, and long- and short-term adverse effects associated with the trivalent vaccine, containing measles, rubella, mumps strains (MM…

Current status of immunisation for herpes zoster.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is increasingly common in the aging and is experienced by approximately one in three people in their lifetime. It is also relatively common in immune-compromised people. Acute HZ causes severe pain, reduced quality of life and severe complications, including prolonged pain, or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and ocular zoster, which may rarely progress to blindness. In severely immune-compromised people disseminated zoster may affect the brain and liver. A second-generation vaccine, the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine, consisting of recombinant viral glycoprotein E and the Adjuvant

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… In severely immunocompromised children: studies on the use of RZV to prevent varicella/chickenpox should be conducted as live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated. …

Удельный возрастной риск герпеса у взрослых ≥18 Годы с совместимыми условиями - Ретроспективное когертное исследование в Соединенных Штатах.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: ДОЛЖНОСТНЫЕ ЛИЦА≥50 Возраст [YoA] и иммунокомпромиссные взрослые подвергаются повышенному риску заболевания герпесом зостером (HZ). Вместе с тем те, у кого есть связи, также подвергаются повышенному риску, однако в последнее время США не располагают достаточными доказательствами, особенно в том, что касается 18-49 Йоа. МЕТОДЫ: Это ретроспективное когортное исследование США2015-2022, &quot; Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare upal &quot; ( &lt; &lt; Профессиональный рынок &gt; &gt; ) сравнивает показатели заболеваемости ВЗ (ИР) у молодых иммунокомпетентных взрослы

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… Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox) during primary infection and can later reactivate as herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) when VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declines [ 1 ]. Herpes zoster appears as a painful, pruritic rash resolving in 2–4 weeks. …

T-Cell Redirecting Therapies in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenesis and Management of Toxicities Beyond CRS and ICANS.

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell and bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapies has revolutionized multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, offering exceptional efficacy, and culminating in recent regulatory approval. However, these therapies have brought unique toxicity challenges, manifesting not only with the well-established cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), but also with the emergence of other common and equally distinctive toxicities, including cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and the rare but l

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… HBV infection Recommended vaccinations - Influenza: ≥2 weeks before LD, booster 3–6 mos after infusion, then annually - SARS-CoV-2: ≥2 weeks before LD, then full revaccination starting 3 mos after infusion - VZV recombinant adjuvanted 2–12 mos after infusion (particularly if seropositive, history of chickenpox … after infusion - DTap > 6 mos after infusion, with 2 DT further doses over 6–12 mos - Hib and meningococcal if additional risk factors (e.g., functional asplenia) | - Influenza (yearly prior to onset of winter) - SARS-CoV-2 - PCV20 - VZV recombinant adjuvanted (particularly if seropositive, history of chickenpox …

Effect of Epidural Block in the Incidence of Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Population-Based Matched-Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) increases with age. Epidural block in patients with herpes zoster (HZ) is expected to decrease the risk of PHN. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural block on PHN incidence in a population-based study. METHODS: This was a retrospective matched cohort study and data were sourced from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The study cohort comprised 427 patients diagnosed with HZ who received epidural block within 30 days after a diagnosis of HZ. The matched control cohort included 427 patients withou

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… This virus is dormant in the cells of the dorsal root ganglia following the resolution of chickenpox. 1 ) VZV reactivation occurs in patients with reduced cell-mediated immunity due to aging or immunosuppressive conditions. 2 ) The affected skin area can be extremely painful, and healing of the skin …

Secondary Neutropenias.

Neutrophils are a critical component of immunity, particularly against bacteria and other pathogens, but also in inflammation and tissue repair. As a consequence, individuals with neutropenia, defined by a reduction in absolute neutrophil counts, exhibit a strong propensity to severe infections that typically present with muted symptoms. Neutropenias encompass a heterogeneous set of disorders, comprising primary neutropenias, in which specific genes are mutated, and the more common secondary neutropenias, which have diverse non-genetic causes. These include hematological and other cancers, inv

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… tocizulimab other | aminopyrine, deferiprone, digoxin, glucocorticoids, octreotide, ramipril Autoimmune and other immune disorders | autoimmune disorders | Felty’s syndrome, SLE lymphoproliferative disorders | LGL immunodeficiencies | CVID incompatibility | maternal/fetal, HSCT Infection | viral | chickenpox …

Medical Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient : Infections and Malignant Neoplasms

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… In addition, exposure to persons who have chickenpox or herpes zoster should be avoided until the lesions have crusted over and no new lesions are appearing. Vaccinations using inactivated or killed microorganisms, components, and recombinant moieties are safe for transplant recipients. …

Characteristics of infections after BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma: a real-world analysis.

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… In contrast, live vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine or varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, are generally contraindicated. …