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Antibody-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies.

As the most common type of cancer in the world, hematological malignancies (HM) account for 10% of all annual cancer deaths and have attracted more attention. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), could relieve patients suffering HM. However, serious side effects and high costs bring patients both physical complaints and mental pressure. Recently, compared with conventional therapeutic strategies for HM patients, antibody-based immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapies, monoclonal antibody tr

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… The wild-type MV exhibits a natural tropism for lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In the 1970s, a great deal of evidence substantiated that patients suffering from leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, and HL had relieved after MV infection. …

Group A Streptococcus Meningitis, United States, 1997-2022.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes a variety of diseases in humans but is not widely appreciated as a cause of meningitis. During 1997-2022, ten sites participating in the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance network in the United States identified GAS meningitis cases. We calculated annual incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) for 320 of those cases and determined antimicrobial resistance by whole-genome sequencing. Annual incidence of GAS meningitis ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 cases/100,000 persons. Children <1 year of age had the highest average annual incidence, 0.23 cases/100,000 children.

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… Tissue tropisms in group A streptococcal infections. Future Microbiol. 2010;5:623–38. 10.2217/fmb.10.28 26. McGregor KF, Spratt BG, Kalia A, Bennett A, Bilek N, Beall B, et al. …

Распространение эпсилонного токсина Clostridium Perfringens изолируется среди пациентов с множественным склерозом и расстройством спектра нейромиелита в Иране.

Клостридий перфрингенс эпсилон токсин (ETX) является мощным нейротоксином, который пересекает мозговой барьер (BBB) и который, как было предложено, связан с демиелинизирующими расстройствами CNS. Здесь мы изучили распространенность C. перфрингенов и антиETX иммуноглобулина G (IgG) и иммуноглобулина M (IgM) в стуле и сере пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS) и спектральным расстройством нейромиелита (NMOSD) по сравнению со здоровым контролем. МЕТОДЫ: В период с сентября 2019 года по июнь 2020 года было собрано 43 образца стула и 43 образца серы из MS (n = 33) и NMOSD (n = 10) пациентов, а т

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… ETX has been proposed as a provocative candidate for nascent lesion formation in MS based on its tropism for BBB vasculature and binding to oligodendrocytes [ 22 , 24 , 25 ]. …

Ameloblastoma RNA profiling uncovers a distinct non-coding RNA signature.

Ameloblastoma of the jaws remains the top difficult to treat odontogenic tumour and has a high recurrence rate. New evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a critical role in tumourgenesis and prognosis of cancer. However, ameloblastoma ncRNA expression data is lacking. Here we present the first report of ameloblastoma ncRNA signatures. A total of 95 ameloblastoma cases and a global array transcriptome technology covering > 285.000 full-length transcripts were used in this two-step analysis. The analysis first identified in a test cohort 31 upregulated ameloblastoma-associated ncR

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… These notions are of great interest, as 1) OSCC is a common tumour of head and neck thus may have cell types that share tissue tropism with ameloblastoma; and 2) lungs are the most common site of metastatic ameloblastoma [ 1 , 2 ]. …

Applications of coxsackievirus A21 in oncology.

The clinical management of cancer continues to be dominated by macroscopic surgical resection, radiotherapy, and cytotoxic drugs. The major challenge facing oncology is to achieve more selective, less toxic and effective methods of targeting disseminated tumors, a challenge oncolytic virotherapy may be well-placed to meet. Characterization of coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) receptor-based mechanism of virus internalization and lysis in the last decade has suggested promise for CVA21 as a virotherapy against malignancies which overexpress those receptors. Preclinical studies have demonstrated proof

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… The idea originated over a century ago, and virotherapy experimentation later gained popularity in the 1950s, when patients were treated with a variety of virus preparations. 3 Viruses are known to have tropisms which predispose them to infect specific cell types, and some naturally occurring viruses …

Recent advances in biomimetic nanodelivery systems for cancer Immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy is a developing and promising therapeutic method. However, the mechanism of tumor immune microenvironment and individual differences of patients make the clinical application of immunotherapy still very limited. The resulting targeting of the tumor environment and immune system is a suitable strategy for tumor therapy. Biomimetic nanodelivery systems (BNDS) coated with nanoparticles has brought new hope for tumor immunotherapy. Due to its high targeting, maximum drug delivery efficiency and immune escape, BNDS has become one of the options for tumor immunotherapy in the fut

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… Development of CAR-T cell constructs with broad anti-tumor tropism Blood 136 2020 24 59 Zhou M. Chen M. Shi B. Radiation enhances the efficacy of EGFR-targeted CAR-T cells against triple-negative breast cancer by activating NF-κB/Icam1 signaling Mol. …

Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting-A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collecte

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… Magnetic-Responsive Drug Targeting In tumors located in high-risk healthy tissues like the brain where immediate surgery is not indicated due to the risk of haemorrhage and tissue injury, magnetically responsive nanocarriers show promising effect in tumor targeting through intrinsic tropism along with … Magnetic tropism can be achieved for the injected magnetically sensitive nanocarriers by introducing an extracorporeal magnetic field on the disease site. Magnetic guidance is coupled with local hyperthermia that may result from hysteresis loss and/or Néel relaxation [ 121 ]. …

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma: Exploring Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid cancer in childhood, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. In high-risk NB patients, the majority suffers from metastasis. Despite intensive multimodal treatment, long-term survival remains <40%. The bone marrow (BM) is among the most common sites of distant metastasis in patients with high-risk NB. In this environment, small populations of tumor cells can persist after treatment (minimal residual disease) and induce relapse. Therapy resistance of these residual tumor cells in BM remains a major obstacle for the cure of NB.

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… The second MSC property with a potential clinical benefit is their tumor-tropism to selectively deliver anticancer agents to tumors. … Matrix metalloproteinase-1-mediated mesenchymal stem cell tumor tropism is dependent on crosstalk with stromal derived growth factor 1/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 axis . FASEB J 28 : 4359 – 4368 25271298 10.1096/fj.14-252551 49. …

Моделирование и нацеливание враждебной физико-химической ниши в метастазе костей: от экспериментальных платформ до нишевой терапии.

Метастаз рака до костей формируется не только из-за перекрестка опухолей, но и из-за враждебной физико-химической ниши, которая способствует стойкости к болезням и терапевтической недостаточности. Гипоксия, кислотность, минерализированная матричная архитектура, изменённая механика, интерстициальное давление, дисфункция перфузии и ограниченный перенос наркотиков влияют на метастатическое семя, общность, реактивацию, реконструкцию, боль и реакцию на лечение. Обычные two- размерные культуры и многие упрощенные three- размерные системы воспроизводят только отдельные особенности этой среды, часто п

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… Spatially patterned 3D systems with engineered bone-like regions allow direct comparison of tumor invasion into bone versus non-bone tissues, thereby isolating bone-selective tropism under controlled conditions ( González Díaz et al., 2023 ). … Integrative strategies and systemic validation Despite advances in engineered systems, in vivo models remain essential when the biological question involves organ tropism, whole-body dissemination, and the spatial dynamics of early lesion formation within intact bone. …

Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Contemporary Review of Medical and Surgical Therapy.

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease initiated by deposition of misfolded proteins in the extracellular space, due to which multiple organs may be affected concomitantly. Cardiac amyloidosis, however, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population due to infiltrative /restrictive cardiomyopathy. This review attempts to focus on contemporary medical and surgical therapies for the different types of cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloidosis affecting the heart are predominantly of the transthyretin type (acquired in the older or genetic in the younger patients), and the monoclonal immun

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… In a small clinical trial, a lipid nanoparticle delivery system with liver tropism and target showed a substantial improvement in symptoms in patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and polyneuropathy. The clinical effect was substantiated by decreasing TTR mRNA levels [ 69 ]. …

The Oncolytic Virotherapy Era in Cancer Management: Prospects of Applying H-1 Parvovirus to Treat Blood and Solid Cancers.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and leukemia are among the most common cancers worldwide. While the treatment of NHL/leukemia of B-cell origin has much progressed with the introduction of targeted therapies, few treatment standards have been established for T-NHL/leukemia. As presentation in both B- and T-NHL/leukemia patients is often aggressive and as prognosis for relapsed disease is especially dismal, this cancer entity poses major challenges and requires innovative therapeutic approaches. In clinical trials, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been used against refractory multiple myeloma (MM). In pr

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… Myxoma virus, a poxvirus whose natural tropism is restricted to European rabbits and is non-pathogenic for other vertebrates, has been demonstrated to selectively induce apoptotic death in MM cells ( 52 – 54 ). …

The investigation of oncolytic viruses in the field of cancer therapy.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a potential strategy for tumor treatment due to their ability to selectively replicate in tumor cells, induce apoptosis, and stimulate immune responses. However, the therapeutic efficacy of single OVs is limited by the complexity and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome these challenges, engineering OVs has become an important research direction. This review focuses on engineering methods and multi-modal combination therapies for OVs aimed at addressing delivery barriers, viral phagocytosis, and antiviral immunity in

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… On the other hand, knowledge of membrane-associated tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) enabled researchers to fully engineer a virulent OV with selective tropism for tumor cells by substituting the viral glycoproteins involved in cell entry with antibody fragments targeting specific TAAs, such as HER2, … MSCs possess low immunogenicity, inherent tumor tropism, multi-lineage differentiation potential, excellent migratory capacity ( 147 ), homing ability, and other therapeutic properties. These innate characteristics make them ideal candidates for drug delivery and OV vectors ( 148 , 149 ). …

Infectious diseases in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: prevention and prophylaxis strategy guidelines 2016.

Infectious complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remain a clinical challenge. This is a guideline provided by the AGIHO (Infectious Diseases Working Group) of the DGHO (German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology). A core group of experts prepared a preliminary guideline, which was discussed, reviewed, and approved by the entire working group. The guideline provides clinical recommendations for the preventive management including prophylactic treatment of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases. The guideline focuses on antimicrobial

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… If allo-HCT seems feasible, a donor screening for CCR5-Delta 32 deletion could be considered in patients with CCR5 tropism to potentially control HIV infection post-allo-HCT (BIII) [ 43 , 44 ]. … More on shift of HIV tropism in stem-cell transplantation with CCR5 delta32/delta32 mutation. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(25):2437–2438. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1412279. 45. Henrich TJ, et al. …

Upregulation of TTK expression is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in endometrial cancer patients.

BackgroundThreonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK) is associated with invasion and metastasis in various tumors. However, the prognostic importance of TTK and its correlation with immune infiltration in endometrial cancer (EC) remain unclear.MethodsThe expression profile of TTK was analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteome Cancer Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). TTK protein and mRNA levels were verified in EC cell lines. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the ability of TTK to distinguish between normal and EC tissues. K-M

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… In triple-negative breast cancer, increased TTK expression correlates with tumor tropism and metastatic behavior [ 17 ]. Similarly, TTK knockdown in hepatocellular carcinoma inhibited tumor migration, proliferation and cellular activity. …

Myeloperoxidase creates a permissive microenvironmental niche for the progression of multiple myeloma.

Expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key inflammatory enzyme restricted to myeloid cells, is negatively associated with the development of solid tumours. Activated myeloid cell populations are increased in multiple myeloma (MM); however, the functional consequences of myeloid-derived MPO within the myeloma microenvironment are unknown. Here, the role of MPO in MM pathogenesis was investigated, and the capacity for pharmacological inhibition of MPO to impede MM progression was evaluated. In the 5TGM1-KaLwRij mouse model of myeloma, the early stages of tumour development were associated with a

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… Cutaneous metastatic plasmacytomas with tropism for a previously injured limb. Dermatol Online J. 2008;14(9):16. 48. Li A, Chen A, Gallagher M, Kaczmarek P, Tinwell B, Sneddon J, et al. Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma occurring after pacemaker implantation and recurring in scar tissue. …

Bone metastases in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: a narrative review of presentation, diagnosis and management.

BACKGROUND: Bone metastases (BM) are a frequent and clinically relevant manifestation in patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (mPPGL). OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, quality of life impact, and management of BM in mPPGL. SUMMARY: Bone and lymph nodes are among the most common metastatic sites in malignant PPGL. Skeletal involvement-particularly in paragangliomas-is associated with a high incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs), including patho

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… Bone is one of the primary sites of metastasis in patients with PPGLs ( 7 , 34 – 36 ), and in up to 20% of cases, the skeleton represents the sole site of metastatic spread ( 7 ). mPPGLs are among the solid tumors with a particularly high tropism for bone, with involvement rates comparable to those observed … SDHB mutations involve bone in up to 80% of metastatic cases ( 38 ), while SDHA mutations also show marked bone tropism when metastases occur ( 14 , 39 ). Figure 1 Frequency of BM in patients with mPPGL, by study. Bar chart depicting bone metastases frequency percentages from various studies. …

Plasmablastic Lymphoma. A State-of-the-Art Review: Part 2-Focus on Therapy.

The objective of this two-part review is to present a current and comprehensive understanding of the diagnosis and management of plasmablastic lymphoma. The first part, which was published previously, focused on the study of epidemiology, etiology, clinicopathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, prognostic variables, and the impact of plasmablastic lymphoma on specific populations. This second part addresses the difficult topic of the treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma, specifically examining both the conventional, consolidated approach and the novel therapeutic strategy.

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… In certain instances, it is recommended to obtain the HIV strain's tropism result (R5, X4, or dual tropism). …

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Помимо CAR-T: Предотвращение и лечение релапса в гематологических злодеяниях B-Cell.

Цимерическая антигенная лейкемия (КАР) Т-клетотерапия произвела революцию в области лечения рентгеновской/рефракторной (R/R) острой лимфоболической лейкемии (B-LAL), неходгкинской лимфомы (NHL) и множественной миеломы (MM); однако значительная часть пациентов в конечном итоге, несмотря на первоначальные ответные меры, вновь заболела. В настоящем обзоре содержится краткий обзор клеточной терапии CAR-T, включая ее производственный процесс и связанные с этим токсичные свойства, до изучения биологических механизмов, лежащих в основе рецидива после CAR-T в B-ALL, NHL-особенно большой лимфомы B-клет

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… separation of viral genetic elements into different plasmids to prevent the generation of replication-competent viruses, the use of self-inactivating (SIN) long terminal repeats, and pseudotyping with heterologous envelope glycoproteins (e.g., GALV or VSV-G) to optimize transduction efficiency and control tropism …

Paraneoplastic Syndrome After Kidney Transplantation: Frequency, Risk Factors, Differences to Paraneoplastic Occurrence of Glomerulonephritis in the Native Kidney, and Implications on Long-Term Kidney Graft Function.

Posttransplant malignancies are an important complication of solid organ transplantation. Kidney transplant recipients are at particularly high risk of cancer development. The most relevant risk factors of carcinogenesis are the use of immunosuppressive agents and oncogenic viral infections. Additionally, immune dysregulation caused by these factors may predispose to various types of organ damage. Paraneoplastic glomerular diseases are one of the most interesting and understudied cancer manifestations. The appropriate diagnosis of paraneoplastic glomerular damage can be challenging in kidney t

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… One of these, Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has high tropism for endothelial cells, thereby inducing vIL-6 [ 29 ] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [ 30 ] as angiogenic factors. vIL-6 has been proposed as one of the molecular links between KSHV and glomerular …