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Current progress and mechanisms of bone metastasis in lung cancer: a narrative review.

Lung cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Distant metastasis has been the main cause of mortality among lung cancer patients. Bone is one of the most common sites. Among all lung cancer patients with bone metastasis, most of them are osteolytic metastasis. Some serious clinical consequences like bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal instability, spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia occur as well. Since the severity of bone metastasis in lung cancer, it is undoubtedly necessary to know how lung cancer spread to bone, how can we diagnose it and

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… Pathological complete response after afatinib treatment of stage IV oligometastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung: the role of pulmonary surgery. Surg Case Rep 2019;5:178. 10.1186/s40792-019-0741-3 99. Wang S, Niu X, Bao X, et al. …

Совместная модель выживаемости без прогрессирования и результатов, о которых сообщают пациенты, для оценки связи между прогрессированием заболеваний и симптомами у пациентов с повторной/редактируемой множественной миеломой.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: В этой связи мы стремимся оценить взаимосвязь между отсутствием прогресса в выживании (ПФС) и симптомами, сообщаемыми пациентами (измеряемыми по показателям качества жизни, связанным с охраной здоровья), у пациентов с повторной/отмененной миеломой (RRMM). МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ: Боль и усталость были определены в качестве наиболее распространенных симптомов, имеющих отношение к пациентам, в рамках ПРМ на основе предварительного обзора литературы о предпочтениях пациентов/качественных исследованиях (подтвержденного клиническими экспертами). Следовательно, Европейская организация исс

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… Evidence from two randomised trials with Afatinib. BMJ Open 4(10):e005762. 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005762 12. …

Cancer Patients at Risk for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. A Case and Control Study Analyzing Predictors of MRONJ Onset.

The goal of this investigation was to identify potential risk factors to predict the onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Through the identification of the multiple variables positively associated to MRONJ, we aim to write a paradigm for integrated MRONJ risk assessment built on the combined analysis of systemic and local risk factors. The characteristics of a cohort of cancer patients treated with zoledronic acid and/or denosumab were investigated; beyond the set of proven risk factors a new potential one, the intake of new molecules for cancer therapy, was addressed.

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… Triptorelin (Decapeptyl) Degarelix (Firmagon) Abiraterone (Zytiga) Flutamide (Eulexin) Bicalutamide (Casodex) Enzalutamide (Xtandi) Target therapy | Trastuzumab Pertuzumab (Perjeta) Ado-trastuzumab emtansine or T-DM1 (Kadcyla) Lapatinib (Tyverb) Bortezomib (Velcade) Osimertinib (Tagrisso) Erlotinib (Tarceva) Afatinib …

Genomic innovations in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and precision therapeutics.

Cancer research has undergone a transformative change with the advent of high-throughput genomic technologies. Advances in next-generation sequencing accelerated the identification of somatic and germline alterations that drive tumorigenesis enabling the transition from traditional histology-based cancer classification to molecularly informed precision oncology. Large-scale sequencing initiatives and clinical genomic profiling facilitated the development of companion diagnostic assays and targeted therapies. Beyond targeted therapies, genomic innovations have also catalyzed the emergence of no

Exploiting artificial intelligence in precision oncology: an updated comprehensive review.

Precision oncology considers the genetic makeup of both the tumor and the cancer patient, medical history, clinical metadata, lifestyle and environmental factors. Thus, adoption of precision cancer medicine mandates sophisticated integrative analysis. Being a master in sorting and solving the puzzle pieces, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered frameworks emerged to fill the gap via executing multimodal analysis and generating meaningful outputs. Herein, we systematically discussed the opportunities and challenges of exploiting AI-assisted models in preclinical cancer research and in clinical o

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… Wu S-G Liu Y-N Tsai M-F Chang Y-L Yu C-J Yang P-C The mechanism of acquired resistance to irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-afatinib in lung adenocarcinoma patients Oncotarget 2016 7 12404 13 10.18632/oncotarget.7189 26862733 PMC4914294 Wu S-G, Liu Y-N, Tsai M-F, Chang Y-L, Yu C-J, Yang P-C … The mechanism of acquired resistance to irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-afatinib in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Oncotarget. 2016;7:12404–13. 26862733 10.18632/oncotarget.7189 PMC4914294 22. …

Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits.

Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory s

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… Fuggetta et al. showed that topical administration of 1.5% polydatin-based cream twice a day lowered the incidence of grade ≥2 skin toxicities in patients with mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) taking afatinib (40 mg/day) [ 230 ]. …

Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be acc

Exploring CAR-PBMCs: A Novel Strategy Against EGFR-Positive Tumor Cells.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown significant promise in treating hematological malignancies, yet its application in solid tumors, particularly those expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), remains limited. This study investigates the potential of CAR-engineered peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a novel adoptive cell therapy against EGFR-positive cancers. Methods: Lentiviral transduction at an MOI of 50 was performed to generate specific anti-EGFR second generation CAR-effector cells. The transduced PBMCs were stimulated with cytok

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… Several EGFR-targeted therapies have been clinically approved, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI—erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, and afatinib) [ 15 ] and monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, and necitumumab) [ 4 , 16 ]. …

Isolated Lesser Trochanter Fractures in Adults: A Systematic Review of Malignant, Infectious, and Benign Etiologies.

Isolated lesser trochanter (LT) fractures are uncommon in adults and may be the first clue to an underlying pathologic process. In contrast to adolescent apophyseal avulsions, the same finding in a skeletally mature patient has been linked to metastatic disease, primary bone tumors, hematologic malignancy, infection, and, less often, benign traumatic, stress-related, osteoporotic, or metabolic causes. This review examined the malignant, infectious, and benign etiologies, diagnostic pathways, treatments, and outcomes that have been reported in adults aged 18 years or older presenting with a rad

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… Presentation: Right medial thigh/groin pain, bruising, antalgic gait | Metastatic solid malignancy | NSCLC lung carcinoma | X-ray; MRI; CT neck/chest/abdomen/pelvis | Management: Analgesia/non-weight bearing; afatinib palliative chemotherapy. …

Innovative laboratory techniques shaping cancer diagnosis and treatment in developing countries.

Cancer is a major global health challenge, with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths estimated by 2020. Laboratory advancements in cancer detection have transformed diagnostic capabilities, particularly through the use of biomarkers that play crucial roles in risk assessment, therapy selection, and disease monitoring. Tumor histology, single-cell technology, flow cytometry, molecular imaging, liquid biopsy, immunoassays, and molecular diagnostics have emerged as pivotal tools for cancer detection. The integration of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and

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… Clinical trials have revealed that patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who received EGFR TKIs such as erlotinib and afatinib experienced improvements in tissue progression when compared to chemotherapy [ 94 , 95 ]. …

A Comprehensive Review of Immunotherapy Clinical Trials for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Alone or in Combination, Novel Antibodies, Cellular Therapies, and Vaccines.

Urothelial cancer is an immune-responsive cancer, but only a subset of patients benefits from immune checkpoint inhibition. Currently, single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the combination of pembrolizumab with the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin are approved to treat patients with metastatic UC (mUC). Approval of first-line nivolumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin is expected imminently. Many treatment approaches are being investigated to better harness the immune system to fight mUC. In this review, we summarize the landmark clinical trials of ICIs th

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… Despite previous unimpressive results with trastuzumab, a small phase 2 trial of afatinib showed activity in mUC with a HER2/3 alteration, and there is renewed interest in targeting HER2 in mUC with the advent of HER-directed ADCs, which are being studied in combination with ICIs in multiple clinical …

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer; oncogenic alterations, therapeutic opportunities, challenges, and a glance at the application of nanoparticles.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has recently been considered as one of the most altered molecular pathways in this malignancy, few articles reviewed the task. In this review, we aim to summarize the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the oncogenic alterations in each component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer. This review also responds to questions on how aberrant activation in this axis contributes to uncontrolled growth, drug resistance, sustained angiogenesis, as w

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… NA NA NA Fatigue, Diarrhea, Rash Fatigue, Diarrhea, Rash NCT01248247 MK-2206+Gefitinib I NA NA NA NA Increased eosinophil, Rash, Diarrhea NA NCT01147211 mTOR inhibitors Rapamycin+Pemetrexed I/II NA NA NA NA Lymphopenia, Anemia, Fatigue Lymphopenia, Hypophosphatemia, Neutropenia NCT00923273 Rapamycin+Afatinib … NCT01248247 MK-2206+Gefitinib | I | NA | NA | NA | NA | Increased eosinophil, Rash, Diarrhea | NA | NCT01147211 mTOR inhibitors | | | | | | | | Rapamycin+Pemetrexed | I/II | NA | NA | NA | NA | Lymphopenia, Anemia, Fatigue | Lymphopenia, Hypophosphatemia, Neutropenia | NCT00923273 Rapamycin+Afatinib …

The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.

Cancers are generally recognized as the leading cause of death and a predominant barrier to prolonging life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Emodin is a typical anthraquinone derivative from various plants that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Much previous preclinical evidence has demonstrated that emodin exhibits reliable effects on several cancer types, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and

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… Interestingly, emodin was reported to increase the anti-proliferative effect of an EGFR inhibitor (afatinib) against PC through downregulation of EGFR by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation 153 . …

Krill oil extract suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells through activation of caspase 3/9.

BackgroundCurrently available treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC) associate with numerous side-effects that reduce patients' quality of life. The effective nutraceuticals with high anti-proliferative efficacy and low side-effects are desirable. Our previous study has reported that free fatty acids extract (FFAE) of krill oil induced apoptosis of CRC cells, possibly associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The aims of this study were to compare the anti-proliferative efficacy of FFAE from krill oil on CRC cells with commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, Oxaliplatin,

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… Morin-Ben Abdallah S Hirsh V Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung Cancer, with a focus on Afatinib Front Oncol 2017 7 97 28560182 10.3389/fonc.2017.00097 PMC5432609 46. …

Availability of evidence of benefits on overall survival and quality of life of cancer drugs approved by European Medicines Agency: retrospective cohort study of drug approvals 2009-13.

Objective To determine the availability of data on overall survival and quality of life benefits of cancer drugs approved in Europe.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Publicly accessible regulatory and scientific reports on cancer approvals by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) from 2009 to 2013.Main outcome measures Pivotal and postmarketing trials of cancer drugs according to their design features (randomisation, crossover, blinding), comparators, and endpoints. Availability and magnitude of benefit on overall survival or quality of life determined at time of approval and after marke

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… Box 2: Cancer drugs associated with benefit on health related quality of life (HRQoL) Reported at time of market approval Afatinib v pemetrexed/cisplatin (for the treatment of TKI-naive, EGFR mutation +ve, non-small cell lung cancer) significantly delayed the time to deterioration for cough and dyspnoea …

Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol as chemo and radiosensitizer in cancer.

One of the primary diseases that cause death worldwide is cancer. Cancer cells can be intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to therapies and drugs used for cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms of action that favor cell survival and proliferation, becoming one of the leading causes of treatment failure against cancer. A promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance is the co-administration of anticancer agents and natural compounds with anticancer properties, such as the polyphenolic compound resveratrol (RSV). RSV has been reported to be able to sensitize c

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… In another study, celecoxib and afatinib co-treatment inhibited the expression of COX-2 and EGFR, which led to increased sensitization of A549 lung cancer cells to radiotherapy and apoptosis ( Zhang et al., 2021a ). 5.4 Bcl-2 and p53 mutant The development of resistance to cell death mechanisms, specifical …

Were economic evaluations well reported for the newly listed oncology drugs in China's national reimbursement drug list.

PurposeTo assess the reporting quality of published economic evaluations of the negotiated oncology drugs listed for China's 2020 National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL).MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify economic evaluation studies of negotiated oncology drugs listed in China's 2020 NRDL using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, SinoMed, and WanFang Database up to March 31, 2021. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist scored the reporting quality between 0 and 100. A linear regression analysis was employed to exami

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… Cost-effectiveness of afatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib and pemetrexed-based chemotherapy as first-line treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in China. Lung Cancer. 2019;127:84–9. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.11.029. 60. Qian K, Zheng Y. …

Nephrotoxicity in cancer treatment: An overview.

Anticancer drug nephrotoxicity is an important and increasing adverse drug event that limits the efficacy of cancer treatment. The kidney is an important elimination pathway for many antineoplastic drugs and their metabolites, which occurs by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Chemotherapeutic agents, both conventional cytotoxic agents and molecularly targeted agents, can affect any segment of the nephron including its microvasculature, leading to many clinical manifestations such as proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, glomerulopathy, acute and chronic interstitial n

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… Nephrolithiasis | Unclear, depending on the drug, may be related to its type of metabolism Proteasome inhibitors | Bortezomib; Carfilzomib; Ixazomib | TMA; Acute interstitial nephritis; AKI | Prerenal causes ( e.g ., hypovolemia); Tumor lysis-like syndrome EGFR pathway inhibitors | Cetuximab; Panitumumab; Afatinib …

Using Dose-Escalation and -Expansion Cohort Study as Pivotal Trial for Targeted Anticancer Drug Approval.

Early-phase clinical trials (EPCTs) have been increasingly adopted as the pivotal trial to support US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of novel anticancer drugs. Among EPCT designs, dose-escalation and -expansion cohort (DEEC) substantially reduces the time and resources that are required in the traditional three-phase paradigm. DEEC facilitates expedited approvals of investigational drugs, particularly those targeting novel mechanisms, helping to address the pressing needs of patients with cancer. From 2012 to 2023, DEECs provided pivotal trial evidence that supported the FDA appro

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… Category | Molecular Target and Drug SMKIs: 19 drugs | ALK inhibitors: ceritinib, crizotinib, entrectinib, lorlatinib BRAF inhibitors: dabrafenib BTK inhibitors: pirtobrutinib EGFR inhibitors: afatinib, mobocertinib, osimertinib KRAS G12C inhibitors: adagrasib, sotorasib MEK inhibitors: trametinib NTRK …

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer (2022 edition).

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Bone is a common metastatic site of lung cancer, about 50% of bone metastatic patients will experience skeletal related events (SREs). SREs not only seriously impact the quality of life of patients, but also shorten their survival time. The treatment of bone metastasis requires multi-disciplinary therapy (MDT) and development of individualized treatment plan. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer, the expert group of the MDT Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association ha

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… The target drugs for NSCLC can be divided into several categories according to the drug targets: (1) Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including gefitinib, erlotinib, osimertinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, almonertinib or furmonertinib; (2) TKIs which target echinoderm …