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How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are dependent on host factors for their replication. One such host protein, p97 or the valosin-containing protein (VCP), is a highly conserved AAA ATPase that facilitates replication of diverse RNA- and DNA-containing viruses. The wide range of cellular functions attributed to this ATPase is consistent with its participation in multiple steps of the virus life cycle from entry and uncoating to viral egress. Studies of VCP/p97 interactions with viruses will provide important information about host processes and cell biology, but also viral strat

How Viruses Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening, hyperinflammatory syndrome, characterized by the uncontrolled activation of … is viewpoint, different factors that may come into play are discussed. Viruses, particularly larger DNA viruses such as herpesviruses, are potent modulators of the immune response. By evading immune recognition, interfering with cytokine balances and inhibiting apoptotic pathways, viruses may increase the host's susceptibility to HLH development. In particula …

Real-Time Visualization and Quantification of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication in Living Cells Using the ANCHOR DNA Labeling Technology.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces latent lifelong infections in all human populations. Between 30% and nearly 100% of individuals are aff … rs. Our results show that the ANCHOR technology provides an efficient tool for the study of complex DNA viruses and a new, highly promising system for the development of innovative biotechnology applications.IMPORTANCE The ANCHOR technology is currently the most powerful tool to follow and quantify the replication of HCMV in living cells and to gain new insig …

Adenovirus Core Protein VII Downregulates the DNA Damage Response on the Host Genome.

Viral manipulation of cellular proteins allows viruses to suppress host defenses and generate infectious progeny. Due to the linear double-s … e DNA damage response (DDR) is a cellular network that is crucial for maintaining genome integrity. DNA viruses replicating in the nucleus challenge the resident genome and must overcome cellular responses, including the DDR. Adenoviruses are prevalent human pathogens that can cause a multitude of diseases, such as respiratory infections and conjunctivitis. H …

[Advances in the reverse genetics system for RNA viruses].

RNA viruses are responsible for several infectious diseases, including dengue fever, Zika fever, and COVID-19. Reverse genetics is a powerful tool to elucidate which domain or mutations in RNA viruses determine their pathogenicity and ability to evade antiviral drugs and host immune response. Previous reverse genetics systems for flaviviruses and coronaviruses have been technically challenging and time-consuming, thereby hampering the further understanding of events during viral evolution. A novel reverse genetics system-circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER)-has been developed to overc

DNA sequence variation as a clue to the phylogenesis of orthopoxviruses.

We have sequenced DNA equivalent to the E5R ORF of Copenhagen vaccinia virus from an additional strain of vaccinia and from cowpox (three strains), camelpox (two strains), taterapox and ectromelia viruses. None of these showed the disruptions previously reported in the equivalent region of monkeypox virus. We also constructed a viable recombinant of vaccinia virus strain Dairen in which the E5R sequence was disrupted by a 436 bp deletion and substitution of the E. coli gpt gene. Quantitative analysis of the sequences, including available sequences from monkeypox, variola and vaccinia viruses r

Antiviral activities of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues: some structure--activity relationships.

Seventeen nucleoside derivatives (derived from arabinosylcytosine, resp. cytidine, 5-fluorouracil and uracil) were tested by agar-diffusion plaque-inhibition test for their antiviral activity with herpes simplex, vaccinia, fowl plague, Newcastle disease and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses. The highest antiviral activity against DNA viruses exhibited arabinosylcytosine, N4-acylarabinosylcytosines, arabinosylthiouracil, cyclocytidine and its 5'-chloroderivative. RNA viruses were inhibited by 5-fluorouridine only, whereas other tested compounds were ineffective or showing marginal activi…

The detection of subtle differences between different orthopoxvirus genomes by heteroduplex analysis.

Corresponding DNA fragments from variola (Harvey) and monkeypox (Denmark) viruses which had been cloned into different plasmid vectors were subjected to heteroduplex analysis. Characteristic deletion loops corresponding to differences between the cloning vectors served as internal markers to identify and to orientate the heteroduplexed molecules. Partial denaturation of the resulting heteroduplexes was used as a primary screen to locate regions of heterogeneity between the poxvirus inserts. The denaturation threshold for homoduplexes was consistently higher than that for heteroduplexes. Howeve

A polyvalent influenza DNA vaccine applied by needle-free intradermal delivery induces cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs.

BACKGROUND: Pigs are natural hosts for influenza A viruses, and the infection is widely prevalent in swine herds throughout the world. Current commercial influenza vaccines for pigs induce a narrow immune response and are not very effective against antigenically diverse viruses. To control influenza in pigs, the development of more effective swine influenza vaccines inducing broader cross-protective immune responses is needed. Previously, we have shown that a polyvalent influenza DNA vaccine using vectors containing antibiotic resistance genes induced a broadly protective immune response in pi

Seneca Valley virus infection exploits DNA damage response to facilitate viral replication.

Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe vesicular diseases in swine, posing a significant threat to the global pork industry. DNA and RNA viruses manipulate the host DNA damage response (DDR) to modulate cellular machinery and facilitate their life cycles. However, the interaction between the host DDR and SVV infection remains unexplored. Here, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the DDR and DNA repair signaling pathways during SVV infection. We found that SVV infection causes DNA damage and triggers distinct DDR signaling pathways, including ataxia telangiecta

Сравнительный обзор вирусного проникновения и связи при крупных и гигантских вирусных инфекциях dsDNA.

Вирусы поступают в клетки хост-компьютеров с помощью нескольких механизмов, включая эндоцитоз, макропиноцитоз и фагоцитоз. Они также могут зажигать на плазменной мембране и распространяться внутри хост-комплексного синтеза или синцития. Механизм, используемый определенным вирусным штаммом, зависит от его внешней топологии и протеомы, а также типа входимой клетки. В настоящем сравнительном обзоре рассматриваются рецепторы клеточной привязанности и пути проникновения вирусов dsDNA, принадлежащих семьям Adenoviridae, Baculoviridae, Herpesviridae и Nucleocytoplasmic Крупные вирусы ДНК (NCLDV), при

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Viruses enter host cells via several mechanisms, including endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. They can also fuse at the plasma … ntered. This comparative review discusses the cellular attachment receptors and entry pathways of dsDNA viruses belonging to the families Adenoviridae, Baculoviridae, Herpesviridae and nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) belonging to the families Ascoviridae, Asfarviridae, Iridoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and Poxviridae, and giant viruses belonging to …

Association between adeno-associated virus 2 and severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in Japanese children.

INTRODUCTION: Outbreaks of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) in children were reported in Western countries in 2022. Previous studies found that adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) and its helper viruses, such as human adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), are frequently detected in patients with AHUE. However, the existence of hepatitis associated with AAV2 prior to AHUE outbreaks in 2022 had not yet been investigated. We aimed to investigate the association between AAV2 and pediatric acute hepatitis in Japanese children, as well as the incidence of AAV2-related hepatitis pr

Antiviral Activity of the Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Prodrug LAVR-289 against Poxviruses and African Swine Fever Virus.

Poxviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses including relevant zoonotic pathogens with high morbidity and potential biological warfare threats. Although African swine fever virus belongs to the Asfarviridae family and is not strictly classified as a Poxviridae member, both fall within the same class of Pokkesviricetes that replicate in the cytoplasm. Among compounds targeting these viruses, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) prodrugs are promising inhibitors of viral DNA polymerases. However, some limitations related to their toxicity and the rapid emergence of resistance highlight the need f…

TP53 mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of liver cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the major risk factors include chronic infections with the hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) virus, and exposure to dietary aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) or alcohol consumption. Multiple genetic and epigenetic changes are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, for example, somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene (TP53) and the activation of the WNT signal transduction pathway. AFB(1) frequently induces G:C to T:A transversions at the third base in codon 249 of TP53 and cooperates with HBV in causing p53

Pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(KU) inoculated into immunized macaques caused infection, but virus burdens progressively declined with time.

Using the simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-macaque model of AIDS, we had shown in a previous report that a live, nonpathogenic strain of SHIV, further attenuated by deletion of the vpu gene and inoculated orally into adult macaques, had effectively prevented AIDS following vaginal inoculation with pathogenic SHIV(KU). Examination of lymph nodes from the animals at 18 weeks postchallenge had shown that all six animals were persistently infected with challenge virus. We report here on a 2-year follow-up study on the nature of the persistent infections in these an

Detection of adenovirus E1A DNA in pulmonary fibrosis using nested polymerase chain reaction.

The history of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) shows that the disease may be preceded by a viral-like illness. Although viruses have not been demonstrated, it is possible that viruses were not detected in culture because they do not replicate during latency. We investigated the presence of adenovirus in IPF and interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD-IP), using the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the E1A region of the adenovirus genome. Studies were performed on lung tissues obtained by transbronchial lu

Viruses and diabetes.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a multifactorial disease. Besides a genetic predisposition environmental factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of beta cell destruction. Among these environmental factors viruses have been the focus of many studies. Some viruses are diabetogenic in animals, and others have been implicated as triggers in human IDDM by temporal and geographical association between IDDM and viral infections, serological evidence of infection in recently diagnosed diabetic patients, and the isolation of viruses from the pancreas of affected individuals. We d

Enhancement of viral infection by antibodies and consequences.

SUMMARYAntibodies neutralize the infectivity of viruses, but they can also, on the contrary, enhance the infection by these agents. This harmful effect of antibodies has been described in vitro and/or in vivo and concerns both DNA and RNA viruses. The dengue virus, belonging to the Flaviviridae family, has been particularly studied, as well as members of other families of enveloped viruses but also of non-enveloped viruses, in particular viruses of the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Antibodies can enhance the infection of Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-bearing cells as well as cells that

[Antivirus effect of polysaccharides of brewer yeast in vitro].

The antivirus effect of polysaccharides of brewer yeast from yeast mud on 13 kinds of viruses including DNA and RNA virus along with their mechanisms were studied. The result showed that this effect was remarkable on the infections with poliovirus III, adenovirus III, ECHO6 virus, enterovirus 71, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpesvirus I, II, coxsackie A16 virus and coxsackie B3 virus. The polysaccharides of brewer yeast could also inhibit the development of cytopathic effect(CPE) and protect cultural cells from being infected with the above viruses.