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Machine Learning: A New Prospect in Multi-Omics Data Analysis of Cancer.

Cancer is defined as a large group of diseases that is associated with abnormal cell growth, uncontrollable cell division, and may tend to impinge on other tissues of the body by different mechanisms through metastasis. What makes cancer so important is that the cancer incidence rate is growing worldwide which can have major health, economic, and even social impacts on both patients and the governments. Thereby, the early cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment can play a crucial role at the front line of combating cancer. The onset and progression of cancer can occur under the influence of

Long-Term Effects of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Chemotherapy: Can Recent Findings Inform Old Strategies?

During the last few decades, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cure rates have improved significantly with rates exceeding 90%. Parallel to this remarkable improvement, there has been mounting interest in the long-term health of the survivors. Consequently, modified treatment protocols have been developed and resulted in the reduction of many adverse long-term consequences. Nevertheless, these are still substantial concerns that warrant further mitigation efforts. In the current review, pediatric-ALL survivors' late adverse events, including secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs), car

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… Withycombe JS, Post-White JE, Meza JL, Hawks RG, Smith LM, Sacks N, et al. Weight Patterns in Children With Higher Risk ALL: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) for CCG 1961. Pediatr Blood Cancer (2009) 53:1249–54. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22237 98. …

Anti-Cancer Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds Inducing ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis: A Review.

Cancer is the second biggest cause of death worldwide. Despite a number of studies being conducted, the effective mechanism for treating cancer has not yet been fully understood. The tumor-microenvironment such as hypoxia, low nutrients could disturb function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to maintain cellular homeostasis, ultimately leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER, so-called ER stress. The ER stress has a close relation with cancer. ER stress initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaptive pathway in cancer. However, persistent ER

Knowledge-map and bibliometric analysis of scientific research on FDA-approved Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell products (2015-2024).

BackgroundChimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a groundbreaking, personalized immunotherapy that genetically engineers patient or donor-derived T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. The U.S FDA has approved six CAR-T cell products in the past decade.ObjectiveGiven their clinical success and scientific novelty, this study aimed to map the research landscape surrounding the FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapies using bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis.MethodsA comprehensive title/abstract search was conducted in Scopus database for documents published between 2015

Enhanced prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma through integration of adjacent normal and tumor gene expressions.

BackgroundCancer prognosis-related signatures have traditionally been constructed based on gene expression profiles derived from tumor or normal tissues. However, the potential benefits of incorporating gene expression profiles from both tumor and normal tissues to improve signature performance have not been explored.MethodsIn this study, we developed three prognostic models for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using gene expression profiles from tumor tissues, normal tissues, and a combination (COM) of both, sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To ensure comparability, the same workflow was

MET Signaling Pathways, Resistance Mechanisms, and Opportunities for Target Therapies.

The MET gene, known as MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, was first identified to induce tumor cell migration, invasion, and proliferation/survival through canonical RAS-CDC42-PAK-Rho kinase, RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, and its driver mutations, such as MET gene amplification (METamp) and the exon 14 skipping alterations (METex14), activate cell transformation, cancer progression, and worse patient prognosis, principally in lung cancer through the overactivation of their own oncogenic and MET parallel signaling pathways. Because of this, MET driver alte

2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity has published the 9th edition of its Clinical Practice Guidelines to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of overweight and obesity. Developed through a structured process of systematic literature review and expert consensus, these guidelines incorporate recent clinical evidence for obesity management. Key clinical questions were formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome framework and addressed through comprehensive evaluations of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic revie

Non-relapse mortality with bispecific antibodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis in lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) are associated with distinct immune-related toxicities that impact morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined non-relapse mortality (NRM) with BsAb therapy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). A PubMed and Embase search up to October 2024 identified 29 studies (21 NHL, 8 MM) involving 2,535 patients. The overall NRM point estimate was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4%-6.4%), with a median follow-up of 12.0 months. We noted no significant difference in NRM across disease entities (NHL: 4.2%, MM: 6.2%,

Primary Aggressive Oral Lymphomas (PAOL): A Narrative Review of Diagnosis, Molecular Features, Therapeutic Approaches, and the Integrated Role of Dentists and Hematologists.

Primary aggressive oral lymphomas (PAOL) are a rare subset of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising in the oral cavity without evidence of other systemic involvement at diagnosis. PAOL accounts for only about 2-3% of all lymphomas. They most commonly belong to aggressive B-cell subtypes such as Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), with occasional cases of Burkitt lymphoma and T-cell/NK-cell lymphomas. Clinically, these malignancies often present with non-specific symptoms (e.g., swelling, pain, ulceration, tooth mobility) that mimic benign dental condition

Mediators of racial and ethnic inequities in clinical trial participation among patients with cancer, 2011-2023.

BackgroundAlthough racially and ethnically minoritized populations are less likely to participate in cancer trials, it is unknown whether social determinants of health (SDOH) explain these inequities. Here we identify SDOH factors that contribute to racial and ethnic inequities in clinical trial participation among patients with 22 common cancers.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data (2011-2023) linked to neighborhood (US Census tract) data from multiple sources. Patients were followed from diagnosis to clinical study drug receipt (proxy for trial participat

Informed appropriate imaging for low back pain management: A narrative review.

Most patients with acute low back pain (LBP), with or without radiculopathy, have substantial improvements in pain and function in the first 4 weeks, and they do not require routine imaging. Imaging is considered in those patients who have had up to 6 weeks of medical management and physical therapy that resulted in little or no improvement in their LBP. It is also considered for those patients presenting with suspicion for serious underlying conditions, such as cauda equina syndrome, malignancy, fracture and infection. In western country primary care settings, the prevalence has been suggeste

Molecular therapeutic approaches for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Approximately two-thirds of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are cured with intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. However, refractory and relapsed AML remains a significant source of childhood cancer mortality, highlighting the need for new therapies. Further therapy intensification with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy in pediatric AML is not feasible given the risks of both short-term and long-term organ dysfunction. Substantial emphasis has been placed upon the development of molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches for adults and children with high-risk subtypes of AML with th

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… Roman E, Cooney E, Harrison L, Militano O, Wolownik K, Hawks R, et al. Preliminary results of the safety of immunotherapy with gemtuzumab ozogamicin following reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplant in children with CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia. …

The future of NMR metabolomics in cancer therapy: towards personalizing treatment and developing targeted drugs?

There has been a recent shift in how cancers are defined, where tumors are no longer simply classified by their tissue origin, but also by their molecular characteristics. Furthermore, personalized medicine has become a popular term and it could start to play an important role in future medical care. However, today, a "one size fits all" approach is still the most common form of cancer treatment. In this mini-review paper, we report on the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in drug development and in personalized medicine. NMR spectroscopy has successfully been used to evalu

Management of osteoporosis in the aging male: focus on zoledronic acid.

Osteoporosis in the aging male remains an important yet under-recognized and undertreated disease. Current US estimates indicate that over 14 million men have osteoporosis or low bone mass, and men suffer approximately 500,000 osteoporotic fractures each year. Men experience fewer osteoporotic fractures than women but have higher mortality after fracture. Bisphosphonates are potent antiresorptive agents that inhibit osteoclast activity, suppress in vivo markers of bone turnover, increase bone mineral density, decrease fractures, and improve survival in men with osteoporosis. Intravenous zoledr

Targeting the CD47-TSP1 Axis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Approach.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disorder characterized by progressive dilation and weakening of the abdominal aortic wall. Despite advances in surgical repair, rupture remains associated with mortality rates exceeding 65%, and no effective pharmacological therapy exists to prevent disease progression. Increasing evidence highlights chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and immune dysregulation as central drivers of AAA pathogenesis. Among these mechanisms, the thrombospondin-1 (TSP1)-CD47 signaling axis has emerged as a critical upstream regulat

Precision immunotherapy with CAR-T cells in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: advances and unanswered challenges.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), especially for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. CD19-targeted CAR T cells, such as tisagenlecleucel, have demonstrated high rates of complete remission and long-lasting responses in clinical trials. However, challenges such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), antigen escape, and T-cell exhaustion hinder its broader clinical application. Recent advances aim to overcome thes

Novel agents and regimens for hematological malignancies: recent updates from 2020 ASH annual meeting.

Antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-T) are increasingly used for cancer immunotherapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting cellular oncoproteins and enzymes such as BCR-ABL, JAK2, Bruton tyrosine kinase, FLT3, BCL-2, IDH1, IDH2, are biomarker-driven chemotherapy-free agents approved for several major hematological malignancies. LOXO-305, asciminib, "off-the-shelf" universal CAR-T cells and BCMA-directed immunotherapeutics as well as data from clinical trials on many novel agents and regimens were updated at the 2020 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeti

A new era of natural killer cell immunotherapy in tumor treatment: latest advances and cutting-edge perspectives from basic research to clinical practice.

As early as 1863, Virchow observed that cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation. Modern epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed the link between inflammation and cancer. Natural Killer (NK) cells actively participate in and regulate inflammatory processes; however, they are not strictly classified as classic 'inflammatory cells' in cellular taxonomy. NK cells rapidly identify and eliminate malignantly transformed cells in a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner, a characteristic that distinguishes them from other immune cells. Furthermore, their

Breaking the obesity-cancer link: assessing European school-based and complementary obesity-prevention strategies and their implementation obstacles

Nowadays, obesity among children and adolescents is considered an additional factor in cancer development during adulthood. These facts are supported by current epidemiological studies. To address these challenges, a wide range of obesity prevention programmes have been launched in Europe, promoting actions for personalized healthy dietary behaviors, physical exercise, and combinations of both, often using e-health platforms. Another pillar of interventions is school-based policies, such as limiting access to high-fat and high-sugar foods or providing healthy food vouchers, which represent ano

Advances in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies and innovations strategies for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in oncology, offering alternatives beyond traditional treatments. This narrative review focuses on major innovations, including adoptive cell therapy (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T), T-cell receptor (TCR) engineering, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The central aim of this article is to analyze how these technologies improve antitumor responses and help overcome resistance in hematologic and solid tumors. This narrative review combines the latest