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The V577S mutation in the S2 subunit of QX-type IBV attenuates viral adaptation to chicken oviduct epithelial cells and pathogenicity in laying hens.

BACKGROUND: The cell and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) varies among strains and genotypes, with the S2 subunit of the spike protein serving as a key determinant. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we compared S2 sequences of IBV strains with distinct adaptation to chicken oviduct epithelial cells (COEC) and identified seven potential sites associated with COEC adaptation. Using the highly COEC-adapted GI-19 genotype strain zy30 as a backbone, we generated a series of S2 single-point mutants via reverse genetics. Viral proliferation in COEC and pathogenicity in laying he…

Genomic and evolutionary characterization of newly emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade (2023-2025).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 continues to threaten poultry biosecurity worldwide due to rapid ant … luenza subtypes (H5N1, H9N2, H5N8, H6N2) and differential viral pathogens (Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus) using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Positive isolates were propagated in specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and identified t …

Phospholipid codes at virus-host membrane interfaces: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in animal viral diseases.

Animal viruses depend on host membranes at every stage of infection, yet membrane lipid states are often treated as background rather than as causal determinants of virus-host interactions. This Review develops a phospholipid-code framework in which headgroup identity, acyl-chain chemistry, leaflet topology, and lipid flux define infection-stage-specific membrane states. Evidence from Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, African swine fever virus, Senecavirus A, Japanese encephalitis virus, and porcine…

Identification of Host Proteins Interacting with IBV S1 Based on Tracheal Organ Culture.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belongs to the gamma-coronavirus genus of Coronaviridae and causes serious infectious diseases in the poultry industry. However, only a few IBV strains can infect avian passage cell lines, seriously hindering the progress of basic research on IBV pathogenesis. Whereas IBV field strains can replicate in tracheal ring organ culture (TOC) without any previous adaptation in chicken embryos or primary cells. In this study, to investigate the potential use of TOC as an in vitro infection model for the study of IBV-host interaction, we first established a chicken emb…

Respiratory health of broilers following chronic exposure to airborne endotoxin.

In and around poultry farms, high concentrations of endotoxins are found that have a negative impact on the health of farmers and local resi … mance and behavior of broilers were determined. After treatment with a respiratory virus infection, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), mRNA expression of cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the lung, tracheal ciliary activity and lesions in the respiratory tract were determined. Endotoxin affected the immune system and respiratory tract, where HE broilers tended to h …

Avian coronavirus isolated from a pigeon sample induced clinical disease, tracheal ciliostasis, and a high humoral response in day-old chicks.

The detection of avian coronaviruses (AvCoV) in wild birds and the emergence of new AvCoV have increased in the past few years. In the present study, the pathogenicity of three AvCoV isolates was investigated in day-old chicks. One AvCoV isolated from a pigeon, which clustered with the Massachusetts vaccine serotype, and two AvCoV isolated from chickens, which grouped with a Brazilian genotype lineage, were used. Clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological changes, ciliary activity, viral RNA detection, and serology were evaluated during 42 days post infection. All AvCoV isolates induced

The Preparation of Chicken Tracheal Organ Cultures and Their Application for Ciliostasis Test, Growth Kinetics Studies, and Virus Propagation.

Chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOCs) provide a simple ex vivo system that makes use of transverse section of tracheal rings extracted from embryos or adult birds to perform classical virological techniques for virus isolation, propagation and titrations, alongside with gene-expression analysis and virus-host interaction studies. Most IBV strains replicate well in TOCs, thus conveniently allowing growth kinetics analysis. Viral replication is revealed by observation of ciliostasis as marker of infection in tracheas extracted from birds ex vivo, as well as in vitro analysis providing a reliabl

Sequence analysis and pathogenicity of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 strains isolated from poultry flocks during 2015-2019.

BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease (ND) causes severe economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. Egyptian poultry industry suffered from seve … r AOAV-1, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI-H5), low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI-H9) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). RESULTS: Fifty samples (50/120: 41.6%) were confirmed positive for AOAV-1, based on genetic analysis of matrix and fusion protein. The co-infection rate of other respiratory viral diseases examined was 1.6, 14.1, and 4.1%, for HPAI-H5, LPAI- …

Possible association between β-blocker use and a risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture.

Autophagy is a cellular response to starvation which generates autophagosomes to carry cellular organelles and long-lived proteins to lysosomes for degradation. Degradation through autophagy can provide an innate defence against virus infection, or conversely autophagosomes can promote infection by facilitating assembly of replicase proteins. We demonstrate that the avian coronavirus, Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) activates autophagy. A screen of individual IBV non-structural proteins (nsps) showed that autophagy was activated by IBV nsp6. This property was shared with nsp6 of mammalian co…

The effect of diatomaceous earth in live, attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine, immune responses, and protection against challenge.

Live virus vaccines are commonly used in poultry production, particularly in broilers. Massive application and generation of a protective local mucosal and humoral immunity with no adverse effects is the main goal for this strategy. Live virus vaccines can be improved by adding adjuvants to boost mucosal innate and adaptive responses. In a previous study we showed that diatomaceous earth (DE) can be used as adjuvant in inactivated vaccines. The aim of this study was to test DE as adjuvant in an Ark-DPI live infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine after ocular or spray application. Titrating …

The First Occurrence of Hepatitis-Hydropericardium Syndrome in Iran and Effective Applied Control Measures in the Affected Commercial Broiler Flock.

Fowl adenoviruses cause three economically important diseases in broiler chicken flocks: hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), inclusio … d for detection of fowl adenovirus (FAdV), H5 avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), H9N2, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus, Marek's disease virus, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Mycoplasma synoviae turned out positive for FAdV, CIAV, IBD vaccine vir …

Rapid loss of maternal immunity and increase in environmentally mediated antibody generation in urban gulls.

Monitoring pathogen circulation in wildlife sentinel populations can help to understand and predict the spread of disease at the wildlife-li … y levels against three pathogens of interest (avian influenza virus AIV, Toxoplasma gondii TOX, and infectious bronchitis virus IBV) across various life stages, throughout chick growth, and between nestlings raised by biological or non-biological parents. We found that levels of background circulation differed among pathogens, with AIV antibodies widely present across all li …

Identification of three H-2K(d) restricted CTL epitopes of NS4A and NS4B protein from Yellow fever 17D vaccine.

In this study, 12 nonamers derived from the nonstructural protein NS4A and NS4B of a Chinese attenuated Yellow fever 17D (YF-17D) vaccine st … mpared with the other nonamers of NS4A and NS4B and compared to one irrelevant nonamer derived from infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) H52 strain. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that these three nonamers are H-2K(d)-restricted CTL epitopes. The multiple amino acid sequence alignments among different YFV NS4A, and NS4B sequences submitted to GenBank indicated that these …

Marital Quality and Stress in Pregnancy Predict the Risk of Infectious Disease in the Offspring: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the degree to which couples' relationship dissatisfaction and stressful life events during pregnancy predict the risk of infectious disease in the offspring during their first year of life. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Pregnant women completed questionnaires in week 30 of pregnancy concerning the couples' relationship satisfaction and stressful life events. In follow-up questionnaires, the women reported whether their children (n = 74,801) ha

Characteristics of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus from California.

An outbreak of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in two California layer flocks resulted in the isolation of two infectious bursal disease vir … m convalescent birds inoculated with rA had high titers to IBDV but were negative for antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus, avian influenza virus, chicken anemia virus, Newcastle disease virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Mycoplasma synoviae. Virus isolation attempts on the rA and rB bursa homogenate inocula also indicated that no contaminating microorganisms contribu …

Decreased neutralizing antigenicity in IBV S1 protein expressed from mammalian cells.

We evaluated the antigenicity of recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1 protein expressed in mammalian cells. Recombinant S1 was expressed as a secreted protein fused with a trimerization motif peptide, then purified using Ni Sepharose. The purified protein was analyzed by Western blotting, mixed with oil adjuvant, and administered to 29-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Six weeks after immunization, anti-IBV neutralizing titer and anti-S1 ELISA titer were determined; immunized chickens then were inoculated with IBV via the trachea and ciliary activity was observed. Results sh…

Blood biochemistry and immune response in Aseel chicken under free range, semi-intensive, and confinement rearing systems.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different rearing systems [free range ( FR: ), semi-intensive ( SI: ), and confinement … sma glucose and total protein in birds under CF. Titer against Newcastle disease virus ( NDV: ) and infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV: ) was found to be greater (P < 0.05) in SI and FR, respectively. Peshawari birds indicated higher (P < 0.05) concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, and titers to NDV and IBV. Birds of LK and SN varieties also …

Accurate virus identification with interpretable Raman signatures by machine learning.

Rapid identification of newly emerging or circulating viruses is an important first step toward managing the public health response to poten … tiating enveloped and nonenveloped viruses, and 99% accuracy for differentiating avian coronavirus (infectious bronchitis virus [IBV]) from other avian viruses. Furthermore, interpretation of neural net responses in the trained CNN model using a full-gradient algorithm highlights Raman spectral ranges that are most important to virus identification. By correlating ML-selecte …

NDV нацелен на вторжение в малярийный паразит через взаимодействие клеточной сиальной кислоты.

Мерозоиты используют сиальные кислоты на поверхности красных кровяных клеток (RBC) для быстрого присоединения к RBC и вторжения в них. Вирус болезни Ньюкасла (NDV) свидетельствует о сильной близости к мембранным сиалистическим кислотам. Инкубация NDV паразитами малярии в зависимости от дозы снижает ее клеточную жизнеспособность. Антиплазмодиальная активность NDV является специфической, поскольку инкубация японского энцефалита, утка энтерит, инфекционный бронхит и грипп не повлияли на распространение паразита. Интересно, что NDV сокращает более чем на 80% вторжение, когда РБЦ проходят предварит

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Merozoites utilize sialic acids on the red blood cell (RBC) cell surface to rapidly adhere to and invade the RBCs. Newcastle disease virus ( … activity of NDV is specific, as incubation with Japanese encephalitis virus, duck enteritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and influenza virus did not affect the parasite propagation. Interestingly, NDV is reducing more than 80% invasion when RBCs are pretreated with the virus. Removal of the RBC surface proteins or the NDV coat proteins results in disruption of the vi …

GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse-transcription PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eleven duck viruses.

BACKGROUND: Duck viral pathogens primarily include the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5, H7, and H9; duck hepatitis virus (DHV); duck … ncluding duck Escherichia coli, duck Salmonella, duck Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, infectious bronchitis virus, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum, did not result in amplification products. The detection limit of GeXP was 10(3)copies when all twelve pre-mixed plasmids containing the target genes of eleven types of duck viruses were present. To further evaluate the …