Результаты поиска

Anti-Alpha-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Encephalitis: A Review.

Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis, a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, was first reported by Lai et al. The AMPAR antibodies target against extracellular epitopes of the GluA1 or GluA2 subunits of the receptor. AMPARs are expressed throughout the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus and other limbic regions. Anti-AMPAR encephalitis was more common in middle-aged women and most patients had an acute or subacute onset. Limbic encephalitis, a classic syndrome of anti-AMPAR encephalitis, was clinically characterized …

Scrub Typhus Meningoencephalitis Presenting as Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus with Basal Ganglia and Extra-limbic Cortical Involvement, Complicated by Cortical Multifocal Myoclonus.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile infectious disease highly prevalent in the Asia Pacific region, often referred to as the "tsuts … rare presenting feature of this infection. Although scrub typhus has been documented to present as limbic encephalitis, there have been no previous descriptions in the literature of neuroradiological patterns affecting the basal ganglia or extra-limbic cortices in this condition. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 23-year-old previously healthy woman who presented …

Clinical and neuroradiological findings in patients with Anti-AMPAR encephalitis: associations with outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is an … diological findings and unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSION: Anti-AMPAR encephalitis mainly presents as limbic encephalitis, and most of the patients had positive brain MRI results. The range of hyperintensity on MRI may not be directly associated with patients’ clinical symptoms and outcomes. For the expanding clinical profile of encephalitis associated with antibodies …

Antibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients.

Psychiatric symptom can be a prominent feature early in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), which is also common in autoantibody-mediated limbic encephalitis. We hypothesized that anti-neuronal autoantibodies, especially those against N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR), can also be associated with CJD. Thirteen patients with CJD and 13 patients with limbic encephalitis were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that serum of CJD patients reacted with neuronal components of the rat hippocampus, indicating that those samples contained anti-neuronal antibodies. Enzyme-linked immu…

[Autoimmune encephalitis. A review].

Autoimmune encephalitis are one of the emergent causes of subacute changes in the level of consciousness, behavior, cognitive impairment and seizures, mainly in young people. They are a consequence of inflammation or dysfunction of parts of the brain caused by antibodies against specific brain antigens, usually located in the limbic system, resulting in clinical presentation as a limbic encephalitis. The objectives of this article are to show the clinical presentation, complementary studies and treatment of this entity, considering that the patient's prognostic depends on a high level of clini…

[Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels (VGKC) Complex-Associated Disorders: Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis and Anti-Caspr2 Encephalitis].

Autoantibodies against LGI1 and Caspr2 complexed with voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC) cause limbic encephalitis. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis progresses in a subacute course with memory impairment, disorientation, and focal epileptic seizures. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is preceded by faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), which are specific involuntary movements and frequently complicated by hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Neutralization of LGI1 by anti-LGI1 antibodies reduces AMPA receptors and induces epileptic seizures and memory …

Evolution from viral encephalitis to autoimmune encephalitis to multiple sclerosis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: There are established associations between viral and autoimmune encephalitis as well as between autoimmune encephalitis and demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Here, we report the evolution from varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis to limbic autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) to multiple sclerosis (MS) in one patient. CASE REPORT: A woman in her mid-thirties presented with headache, aphasia, and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VZV polymerase chain reaction was positive and treatment with acyclovir was administered for VZV encephalitis

Acute amnesia and seizures in a young female.

Limbic encephalitis is a condition characterised by an acute or sub-acute onset of memory disorder, associated with seizures and psychiatric manifestations. Investigations such as brain MRI usually reveal a high intensity signal in the medial temporal lobe and cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows mild pleocytosis and oligoclonal bands. It may occur in association with cancer, infection, or as an isolated clinical condition, often accompanying autoimmune disorders. Immune-mediated limbic encephalitis is now subclassified according to the presence and type of autoantibodies, which has significant …

Paraneoplastic overlap syndrome in non-small squamous cell lung carcinoma.

This is a case of paraneoplastic overlap of limbic encephalitis and opsoclonus myoclonus in a patient with non-small squamous cell lung carcinoma.

Clinical Manifestations, Tumor Associations, and Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-KLHL11 Encephalitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anti-Kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11) encephalitis was discovered in middle-aged men with testicular seminoma and r … n = 12, 71%), brainstem encephalitis (n = 12, 71%), opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (n = 8, 47%), and limbic encephalitis (n = 3, 18%). Meningitis was observed in one patient. Concurrent antibodies included those against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (n = 2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (n = 1), and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (n = 1). MRI was abnormal in 8 …

Syncope and Twitching at the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is a type of autoimmune limbic encephalitis. This case report elucidates features of anti-LGI1 limbic encephalitis, focusing on clinical findings and outcome as well as on rarely reported sinus arrest and its pathophysiology. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old female patient presented at the Emergency Department (ED) because of twitching and an acute confusional state. Initial neurological examination revealed cognitive disturbance with disorientation, inattention, and amnestic deficits. While in the ED, twitching of the right arm was observed and shortly thereafter sh…

An unusual case of altered mental status in a young woman.

CONTEXT: We describe a case of paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome, namely N-Methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor antibody associated limbic encephalitis, a rare cause of altered mental status in the young. CASE REPORT: A 28 year old Caucasian female nurse presented with acute onset difficulty with word finding and increasing confusion and agitation. She also had visual hallucinations, transient episodes of unresponsiveness, and lingual dyskinesias. Workup including blood, imaging and regular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies was unremarkable. She subsequently developed complex partial seizures. Co…

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody screening in first-episode psychosis.

OBJECTIVE: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists recommends screening for a range of antibodies in first-episode psy … re review of all published cases and case series of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated limbic encephalitis was assessed for frequency and description of psychotic symptoms. RESULTS: There were 17 studies, in which 2754 individuals with psychotic disorders were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase IgG antibodies. Thirty-one consumers with psychosis (0. …

Расширение клинического спектра болезней, связанных с антителами Caspr2: предупреждение о причастности к постели головного мозга и о дыхательной недостаточности.

Мы сообщаем о случае 68-летнего мужчины, у которого были атаксия, бессонница, быстрое развитие когнитивного упадка, припадки и маленький васкулит. Образцы как сыворотки, так и церебро-спинной жидкости показали, что антитела против КАСПР2. Был диагностирован лимбический энцефалит, и была начата иммуномудуляторная терапия. После одного года после этого пациент вернулся к нормальной жизни с трудной дыхательной недостаточностью, участием в работе мозговой столбы, нейропатической болью и сильной дисаутономией с эзофагенальной дисфункцией. Здесь мы обсуждаем такие опасные для жизни осложнения, как д

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
We report the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with ataxia, insomnia, rapidly developing cognitive decline, seizures and small vessel vasculitis. Both serum and cerebro-spinal fluid samples showed positive titre of anti-CASPR2 antibodies. Limbic encephalitis was diagnosed and immunomodulatory therapy was started with benefit. After one-year follow-up,…

Anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma: A case series and literature review.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of disorders characterized by symptoms of dysfunction of the limbic and extra-limbic systems that occur in association with antibodies against intracellular antigens, synapses, or proteins located on the surface of nerve cells. Anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis was first described in 2007 and has become one of the most commonly recognized autoimmune encephalitides. The disease is predominantly female (81%) and affects young patients (37% <18 years old, 95% <45 years old), with up to 58% of women over 18 years old having ovarian teratoma.

Aggressive course in encephalitis with opsoclonus, ataxia, chorea, and seizures: the first pediatric case of γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor autoimmunity.

IMPORTANCE: Autoantibodies to the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor have recently been identified as a cause of autoimmune encephalitis. Most patients with GABAB encephalitis have presented with limbic encephalitis. About half of the cases reported have been paraneoplastic in origin, with the majority of tumors representing small cell lung cancer. OBSERVATIONS: We describe a 3-year-old boy who presented with a mixed movement disorder (opsoclonus, ataxia, and chorea) as well as seizures refractory to treatment. His seizures required continuous pentobarbital sodium infusion to be cont…

Pilomotor Seizures in a Patient With LGI1 Encephalitis.

Limbic encephalitis (LE) with antibodies against leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) is an autoimmune disease with variable clinical features, including seizures, cognitive disorders, psychiatric disturbances, and hyponatremia. The majority of these patients present faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), which are regarded as a characteristic symptom. A few cases have reported pilomotor seizures as the main manifestation of anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Here, we described a Chinese woman with frequent pilomotor seizures who was finally diagnosed as having anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Our re…

MRI of neurosyphilis presenting as mesiotemporal abnormalities: a case report.

The high signal intensities in bilateral mesiotemporal lobes on T2-weighted images are typical findings of herpes encephalitis or paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. We report a case of neurosyphilis with mesiotemporal involvement on MRI. Positive antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis. The results suggest that neurosyphilis should be considered when MRI results indicate mesiotemporal abnormalities.